The acquisition of relative clauses [[electronic resource] ] : processing, typology and function edited by / / Evan James Kidd |
Pubbl/distr/stampa | Amsterdam ; ; Philadelphia, : J. Benjamins, 2011 |
Descrizione fisica | 1 online resource (252 p.) |
Disciplina | 401/.93 |
Altri autori (Persone) | KiddEvan James |
Collana | Trends in language acquisition research |
Soggetto topico |
Language acquisition - Age factors
Grammar, Comparative and general - Relative clauses Language awareness in children Communicative competence in children |
Soggetto genere / forma | Electronic books. |
ISBN |
1-283-32903-4
9786613329035 90-272-8340-0 |
Formato | Materiale a stampa |
Livello bibliografico | Monografia |
Lingua di pubblicazione | eng |
Nota di contenuto |
The Acquisition of Relative Clauses; Editorial page; Title page; LCC data; Table of contents; List of contributors; Introduction: The acquisition of relative clauses; References; 1.Relative clauses; 1. Introduction; 2. Emergentism; 3. The syntax of relative clauses; 4. The processing of relative clauses; Prominence; The distance between filler and gap; Chinese; Japanese and Korean; Summary; 5. The acquisition of relative clauses; The path problem; The closure problem; 6. Concluding remarks; References; 2.A connectionist account of the acquisition and processing of relative clauses
1. Introduction2. The relative clause accessibility hierarchy; 2.1 The accessibility hierarchy in development; 3. Modeling the acquisition of relative clauses; 3.1 Language and method; 3.2 Modeling results; 4. From acquisition to adult processing; 4.1 Experience and relative clauses processing; 5. Conclusion; References; 3.Learning from social interaction; 1. Introduction; 1.1 Development of linguistic constructions in usage-based and constructivist approaches: Chunks, schemas, and prototypes; 2. Form and function of relative clauses in adult-adult interactions 3. Form and function of relative clauses in child-adult interactions3.1 A cross-linguistic comparison of subject and object RCs in children's and adults' speech; 3.2 A cross-linguistic comparison of the head NPs in children's and adults' RC constructions; 3.3 A cross-linguistic comparison of the function of RCs in children's and adults' speech; 4. Experimental evidence for relative-clause chunks and prototypes; 4.1 Propositional complexity; 4.2 Similarity to simple main clauses; 4.3 Linguistic and semantic context of subject and object RCs; 5. New focus on function; 6. Conclusion; References 4.Relative clause acquisition in Hebrew and the learning of constructionsIntroduction; Relative clauses in Hebrew; The developmental path of relative clauses in Hebrew; Production; The corpus; Coding; Results and discussion; How adult-like are children's relative clauses?; How does the construction develop over time?; Comprehension; Input patterns and gender agreement; Method; Results and discussion; Integrating multiple cues; What early constructions look like and how they develop over time; Conclusions; References; 5.Finnish; Acknowledgements; Introduction; Relative clauses in Finnish What we know about RC acquisition based on observational studiesMethod; Corpus; Searches; Coding; Results; Relative clauses in Piia's speech; Discussion; The head referent; Centre-embedding; The syntactic role of the relativized element; The number of relative clauses in the Finnish data; Conclusion; References; 6.Learning to produce Quechua relative clauses; Introduction; Quechua nominalized relative clauses; Questions and issues; Production of externally-headed, internally-headed, and free relatives Ease of production of relative clauses according to the function of the relativized Noun Phrase |
Record Nr. | UNINA-9910457502003321 |
Amsterdam ; ; Philadelphia, : J. Benjamins, 2011 | ||
Materiale a stampa | ||
Lo trovi qui: Univ. Federico II | ||
|
The acquisition of relative clauses [[electronic resource] ] : processing, typology and function edited by / / Evan James Kidd |
Pubbl/distr/stampa | Amsterdam ; ; Philadelphia, : J. Benjamins, 2011 |
Descrizione fisica | 1 online resource (252 p.) |
Disciplina | 401/.93 |
Altri autori (Persone) | KiddEvan James |
Collana | Trends in language acquisition research |
Soggetto topico |
Language acquisition - Age factors
Grammar, Comparative and general - Relative clauses Language awareness in children Communicative competence in children |
ISBN |
1-283-32903-4
9786613329035 90-272-8340-0 |
Classificazione |
ER 920
ET 730 |
Formato | Materiale a stampa |
Livello bibliografico | Monografia |
Lingua di pubblicazione | eng |
Nota di contenuto |
The Acquisition of Relative Clauses; Editorial page; Title page; LCC data; Table of contents; List of contributors; Introduction: The acquisition of relative clauses; References; 1.Relative clauses; 1. Introduction; 2. Emergentism; 3. The syntax of relative clauses; 4. The processing of relative clauses; Prominence; The distance between filler and gap; Chinese; Japanese and Korean; Summary; 5. The acquisition of relative clauses; The path problem; The closure problem; 6. Concluding remarks; References; 2.A connectionist account of the acquisition and processing of relative clauses
1. Introduction2. The relative clause accessibility hierarchy; 2.1 The accessibility hierarchy in development; 3. Modeling the acquisition of relative clauses; 3.1 Language and method; 3.2 Modeling results; 4. From acquisition to adult processing; 4.1 Experience and relative clauses processing; 5. Conclusion; References; 3.Learning from social interaction; 1. Introduction; 1.1 Development of linguistic constructions in usage-based and constructivist approaches: Chunks, schemas, and prototypes; 2. Form and function of relative clauses in adult-adult interactions 3. Form and function of relative clauses in child-adult interactions3.1 A cross-linguistic comparison of subject and object RCs in children's and adults' speech; 3.2 A cross-linguistic comparison of the head NPs in children's and adults' RC constructions; 3.3 A cross-linguistic comparison of the function of RCs in children's and adults' speech; 4. Experimental evidence for relative-clause chunks and prototypes; 4.1 Propositional complexity; 4.2 Similarity to simple main clauses; 4.3 Linguistic and semantic context of subject and object RCs; 5. New focus on function; 6. Conclusion; References 4.Relative clause acquisition in Hebrew and the learning of constructionsIntroduction; Relative clauses in Hebrew; The developmental path of relative clauses in Hebrew; Production; The corpus; Coding; Results and discussion; How adult-like are children's relative clauses?; How does the construction develop over time?; Comprehension; Input patterns and gender agreement; Method; Results and discussion; Integrating multiple cues; What early constructions look like and how they develop over time; Conclusions; References; 5.Finnish; Acknowledgements; Introduction; Relative clauses in Finnish What we know about RC acquisition based on observational studiesMethod; Corpus; Searches; Coding; Results; Relative clauses in Piia's speech; Discussion; The head referent; Centre-embedding; The syntactic role of the relativized element; The number of relative clauses in the Finnish data; Conclusion; References; 6.Learning to produce Quechua relative clauses; Introduction; Quechua nominalized relative clauses; Questions and issues; Production of externally-headed, internally-headed, and free relatives Ease of production of relative clauses according to the function of the relativized Noun Phrase |
Record Nr. | UNINA-9910781958903321 |
Amsterdam ; ; Philadelphia, : J. Benjamins, 2011 | ||
Materiale a stampa | ||
Lo trovi qui: Univ. Federico II | ||
|
The acquisition of relative clauses : processing, typology and function edited by / / Evan James Kidd |
Edizione | [1st ed.] |
Pubbl/distr/stampa | Amsterdam ; ; Philadelphia, : J. Benjamins, 2011 |
Descrizione fisica | 1 online resource (252 p.) |
Disciplina | 401/.93 |
Altri autori (Persone) | KiddEvan James |
Collana | Trends in language acquisition research |
Soggetto topico |
Language acquisition - Age factors
Grammar, Comparative and general - Relative clauses Language awareness in children Communicative competence in children |
ISBN |
1-283-32903-4
9786613329035 90-272-8340-0 |
Classificazione |
ER 920
ET 730 |
Formato | Materiale a stampa |
Livello bibliografico | Monografia |
Lingua di pubblicazione | eng |
Nota di contenuto |
The Acquisition of Relative Clauses; Editorial page; Title page; LCC data; Table of contents; List of contributors; Introduction: The acquisition of relative clauses; References; 1.Relative clauses; 1. Introduction; 2. Emergentism; 3. The syntax of relative clauses; 4. The processing of relative clauses; Prominence; The distance between filler and gap; Chinese; Japanese and Korean; Summary; 5. The acquisition of relative clauses; The path problem; The closure problem; 6. Concluding remarks; References; 2.A connectionist account of the acquisition and processing of relative clauses
1. Introduction2. The relative clause accessibility hierarchy; 2.1 The accessibility hierarchy in development; 3. Modeling the acquisition of relative clauses; 3.1 Language and method; 3.2 Modeling results; 4. From acquisition to adult processing; 4.1 Experience and relative clauses processing; 5. Conclusion; References; 3.Learning from social interaction; 1. Introduction; 1.1 Development of linguistic constructions in usage-based and constructivist approaches: Chunks, schemas, and prototypes; 2. Form and function of relative clauses in adult-adult interactions 3. Form and function of relative clauses in child-adult interactions3.1 A cross-linguistic comparison of subject and object RCs in children's and adults' speech; 3.2 A cross-linguistic comparison of the head NPs in children's and adults' RC constructions; 3.3 A cross-linguistic comparison of the function of RCs in children's and adults' speech; 4. Experimental evidence for relative-clause chunks and prototypes; 4.1 Propositional complexity; 4.2 Similarity to simple main clauses; 4.3 Linguistic and semantic context of subject and object RCs; 5. New focus on function; 6. Conclusion; References 4.Relative clause acquisition in Hebrew and the learning of constructionsIntroduction; Relative clauses in Hebrew; The developmental path of relative clauses in Hebrew; Production; The corpus; Coding; Results and discussion; How adult-like are children's relative clauses?; How does the construction develop over time?; Comprehension; Input patterns and gender agreement; Method; Results and discussion; Integrating multiple cues; What early constructions look like and how they develop over time; Conclusions; References; 5.Finnish; Acknowledgements; Introduction; Relative clauses in Finnish What we know about RC acquisition based on observational studiesMethod; Corpus; Searches; Coding; Results; Relative clauses in Piia's speech; Discussion; The head referent; Centre-embedding; The syntactic role of the relativized element; The number of relative clauses in the Finnish data; Conclusion; References; 6.Learning to produce Quechua relative clauses; Introduction; Quechua nominalized relative clauses; Questions and issues; Production of externally-headed, internally-headed, and free relatives Ease of production of relative clauses according to the function of the relativized Noun Phrase |
Record Nr. | UNINA-9910806887603321 |
Amsterdam ; ; Philadelphia, : J. Benjamins, 2011 | ||
Materiale a stampa | ||
Lo trovi qui: Univ. Federico II | ||
|
Age and the acquisition of English as a foreign language [[electronic resource] /] / edited by Mar?ia del Pilar Garc?ia Mayo and Mar?ia Luisa Garc?ia Lecumberri |
Edizione | [1st ed.] |
Pubbl/distr/stampa | Clevedon ; ; Buffalo, : Multilingual Matters, c2003 |
Descrizione fisica | 1 online resource (221 p.) |
Disciplina | 418 |
Altri autori (Persone) |
Garc?ia MayoMar?ia del Pilar
Garcia LecumberriM. Luisa (Maria Luisa) |
Collana | Second language acquisition |
Soggetto topico |
Bilingualism in children
English language - Study and teaching - Foreign speakers Language acquisition - Age factors Language and languages - Study and teaching |
Soggetto genere / forma | Electronic books. |
ISBN |
1-78892-038-4
1-280-82817-X 9786610828173 9781853596403 1-85359-640-X |
Formato | Materiale a stampa |
Livello bibliografico | Monografia |
Lingua di pubblicazione | eng |
Nota di contenuto | Front matter -- Contents -- Introduction -- 1. Critical Period or General Age Factor(s)? -- 2. Phonological Acquisition in Multilingualism -- 3. Know Your Grammar: What the Knowledge of Syntax and Morphology in an L2 Reveals about the Critical Period for Second/foreign Language Acquisition -- 4. The Influence of Age on the Acquisition of English: General Proficiency, Attitudes and Code Mixing -- 5. Age, Length of Exposure and Grammaticality Judgements in the Acquisition of English as a Foreign Language -- 6. English FL Sounds in School Learners of Different Ages -- 7. Maturational Constraints on Foreign-language Written Production -- 8. Variation in Oral Skills Development and Age of Onset -- 9. Learner Strategies: A Cross-sectional and Longitudinal Study of Primary and High-school EFL Teachers |
Record Nr. | UNINA-9910455958803321 |
Clevedon ; ; Buffalo, : Multilingual Matters, c2003 | ||
Materiale a stampa | ||
Lo trovi qui: Univ. Federico II | ||
|
Age and the acquisition of English as a foreign language [[electronic resource] /] / edited by Mar?ia del Pilar Garc?ia Mayo and Mar?ia Luisa Garc?ia Lecumberri |
Edizione | [1st ed.] |
Pubbl/distr/stampa | Clevedon ; ; Buffalo, : Multilingual Matters, c2003 |
Descrizione fisica | 1 online resource (221 p.) |
Disciplina | 418 |
Altri autori (Persone) |
Garc?ia MayoMar?ia del Pilar
Garcia LecumberriM. Luisa (Maria Luisa) |
Collana | Second language acquisition |
Soggetto topico |
Bilingualism in children
English language - Study and teaching - Foreign speakers Language acquisition - Age factors Language and languages - Study and teaching |
Soggetto non controllato |
age and SLA
age and foreign language learning age factor in SLA age factor age in second language acquisition language learning second language acquisition |
ISBN |
1-78892-038-4
1-280-82817-X 9786610828173 9781853596403 1-85359-640-X |
Formato | Materiale a stampa |
Livello bibliografico | Monografia |
Lingua di pubblicazione | eng |
Nota di contenuto | Front matter -- Contents -- Introduction -- 1. Critical Period or General Age Factor(s)? -- 2. Phonological Acquisition in Multilingualism -- 3. Know Your Grammar: What the Knowledge of Syntax and Morphology in an L2 Reveals about the Critical Period for Second/foreign Language Acquisition -- 4. The Influence of Age on the Acquisition of English: General Proficiency, Attitudes and Code Mixing -- 5. Age, Length of Exposure and Grammaticality Judgements in the Acquisition of English as a Foreign Language -- 6. English FL Sounds in School Learners of Different Ages -- 7. Maturational Constraints on Foreign-language Written Production -- 8. Variation in Oral Skills Development and Age of Onset -- 9. Learner Strategies: A Cross-sectional and Longitudinal Study of Primary and High-school EFL Teachers |
Record Nr. | UNINA-9910780463203321 |
Clevedon ; ; Buffalo, : Multilingual Matters, c2003 | ||
Materiale a stampa | ||
Lo trovi qui: Univ. Federico II | ||
|
Age and the acquisition of English as a foreign language / / edited by Mar?ia del Pilar Garc?ia Mayo and Mar?ia Luisa Garc?ia Lecumberri |
Edizione | [1st ed.] |
Pubbl/distr/stampa | Clevedon ; ; Buffalo, : Multilingual Matters, c2003 |
Descrizione fisica | 1 online resource (221 p.) |
Disciplina | 418 |
Altri autori (Persone) |
Garc?ia MayoMar?ia del Pilar
Garcia LecumberriM. Luisa (Maria Luisa) |
Collana | Second language acquisition |
Soggetto topico |
Bilingualism in children
English language - Study and teaching - Foreign speakers Language acquisition - Age factors Language and languages - Study and teaching |
Soggetto non controllato |
age and SLA
age and foreign language learning age factor in SLA age factor age in second language acquisition language learning second language acquisition |
ISBN |
1-78892-038-4
1-280-82817-X 9786610828173 9781853596403 1-85359-640-X |
Formato | Materiale a stampa |
Livello bibliografico | Monografia |
Lingua di pubblicazione | eng |
Nota di contenuto | Front matter -- Contents -- Introduction -- 1. Critical Period or General Age Factor(s)? -- 2. Phonological Acquisition in Multilingualism -- 3. Know Your Grammar: What the Knowledge of Syntax and Morphology in an L2 Reveals about the Critical Period for Second/foreign Language Acquisition -- 4. The Influence of Age on the Acquisition of English: General Proficiency, Attitudes and Code Mixing -- 5. Age, Length of Exposure and Grammaticality Judgements in the Acquisition of English as a Foreign Language -- 6. English FL Sounds in School Learners of Different Ages -- 7. Maturational Constraints on Foreign-language Written Production -- 8. Variation in Oral Skills Development and Age of Onset -- 9. Learner Strategies: A Cross-sectional and Longitudinal Study of Primary and High-school EFL Teachers |
Record Nr. | UNINA-9910826284603321 |
Clevedon ; ; Buffalo, : Multilingual Matters, c2003 | ||
Materiale a stampa | ||
Lo trovi qui: Univ. Federico II | ||
|
Age and the rate of foreign language learning [[electronic resource] /] / edited by Carmen Muñoz |
Pubbl/distr/stampa | Clevedon, [England] ; ; Buffalo, : Multilingual Matters, c2006 |
Descrizione fisica | 1 online resource (295 p.) |
Disciplina | 418 |
Altri autori (Persone) | MuñozCarmen |
Collana | Second language acquisition |
Soggetto topico |
Language acquisition - Age factors
Language and languages - Study and teaching |
Soggetto genere / forma | Electronic books. |
ISBN |
1-84769-977-4
1-280-50779-9 9786610507795 1-85359-893-3 |
Formato | Materiale a stampa |
Livello bibliografico | Monografia |
Lingua di pubblicazione | eng |
Nota di contenuto | Front matter -- Contents -- Acknowledgements -- Introduction -- Chapter 1 .The Effects of Age on Foreign Language Learning: The BAF Project -- Chapter 2. The Development of English (FL) Perception and Production Skills: Starting Age and Exposure Effects -- Chapter 3 .Age Effects on Oral Fluency Development -- Chapter 4. Age and Vocabulary Acquisition in English as a Foreign Language (EFL) -- Chapter 5. Accuracy Orders, Rate of Learning and Age in Morphological Acquisition -- Chapter 6. Rate and Route of Acquisition in EFL Narrative Development at Different Ages -- Chapter 7 .Age and IL Development in Writing -- Chapter 8. Age Proficiency Level and Interactional Skills: Evidence from Breakdowns in Production -- Chapter 9 .Reported Strategy Use and Age -- Chapter 10 .Language Learning Motivation and Age -- Appendix 1 -- Appendix 2 -- Appendix 3 -- Appendix 4 -- Index |
Record Nr. | UNINA-9910450991703321 |
Clevedon, [England] ; ; Buffalo, : Multilingual Matters, c2006 | ||
Materiale a stampa | ||
Lo trovi qui: Univ. Federico II | ||
|
Age and the rate of foreign language learning [[electronic resource] /] / edited by Carmen Muñoz |
Pubbl/distr/stampa | Clevedon, [England] ; ; Buffalo, : Multilingual Matters, c2006 |
Descrizione fisica | 1 online resource (295 p.) |
Disciplina | 418 |
Altri autori (Persone) | MuñozCarmen <1955-> |
Collana | Second language acquisition |
Soggetto topico |
Language acquisition - Age factors
Language and languages - Study and teaching |
Soggetto non controllato |
SLA research on age
SLA age and foreign language learning age and language learning age and second language acquisition age factor foreign language learning in a school setting |
ISBN |
1-84769-977-4
1-280-50779-9 9786610507795 1-85359-893-3 |
Formato | Materiale a stampa |
Livello bibliografico | Monografia |
Lingua di pubblicazione | eng |
Nota di contenuto | Front matter -- Contents -- Acknowledgements -- Introduction -- Chapter 1 .The Effects of Age on Foreign Language Learning: The BAF Project -- Chapter 2. The Development of English (FL) Perception and Production Skills: Starting Age and Exposure Effects -- Chapter 3 .Age Effects on Oral Fluency Development -- Chapter 4. Age and Vocabulary Acquisition in English as a Foreign Language (EFL) -- Chapter 5. Accuracy Orders, Rate of Learning and Age in Morphological Acquisition -- Chapter 6. Rate and Route of Acquisition in EFL Narrative Development at Different Ages -- Chapter 7 .Age and IL Development in Writing -- Chapter 8. Age Proficiency Level and Interactional Skills: Evidence from Breakdowns in Production -- Chapter 9 .Reported Strategy Use and Age -- Chapter 10 .Language Learning Motivation and Age -- Appendix 1 -- Appendix 2 -- Appendix 3 -- Appendix 4 -- Index |
Record Nr. | UNINA-9910784011403321 |
Clevedon, [England] ; ; Buffalo, : Multilingual Matters, c2006 | ||
Materiale a stampa | ||
Lo trovi qui: Univ. Federico II | ||
|
Age and the rate of foreign language learning / / edited by Carmen Muñoz |
Edizione | [1st ed.] |
Pubbl/distr/stampa | Clevedon, [England] ; ; Buffalo, : Multilingual Matters, c2006 |
Descrizione fisica | 1 online resource (295 p.) |
Disciplina | 418 |
Altri autori (Persone) | MuñozCarmen <1955-> |
Collana | Second language acquisition |
Soggetto topico |
Language acquisition - Age factors
Language and languages - Study and teaching |
Soggetto non controllato |
SLA research on age
SLA age and foreign language learning age and language learning age and second language acquisition age factor foreign language learning in a school setting |
ISBN |
1-84769-977-4
1-280-50779-9 9786610507795 1-85359-893-3 |
Formato | Materiale a stampa |
Livello bibliografico | Monografia |
Lingua di pubblicazione | eng |
Nota di contenuto | Front matter -- Contents -- Acknowledgements -- Introduction -- Chapter 1 .The Effects of Age on Foreign Language Learning: The BAF Project -- Chapter 2. The Development of English (FL) Perception and Production Skills: Starting Age and Exposure Effects -- Chapter 3 .Age Effects on Oral Fluency Development -- Chapter 4. Age and Vocabulary Acquisition in English as a Foreign Language (EFL) -- Chapter 5. Accuracy Orders, Rate of Learning and Age in Morphological Acquisition -- Chapter 6. Rate and Route of Acquisition in EFL Narrative Development at Different Ages -- Chapter 7 .Age and IL Development in Writing -- Chapter 8. Age Proficiency Level and Interactional Skills: Evidence from Breakdowns in Production -- Chapter 9 .Reported Strategy Use and Age -- Chapter 10 .Language Learning Motivation and Age -- Appendix 1 -- Appendix 2 -- Appendix 3 -- Appendix 4 -- Index |
Record Nr. | UNINA-9910816930703321 |
Clevedon, [England] ; ; Buffalo, : Multilingual Matters, c2006 | ||
Materiale a stampa | ||
Lo trovi qui: Univ. Federico II | ||
|
The age factor and early language learning [[electronic resource] /] / edited by Marianne Nikolov |
Pubbl/distr/stampa | Berlin ; ; New York, : Mouton de Gruyter, 2009 |
Descrizione fisica | 1 online resource (430 p.) |
Disciplina | 407.1 |
Altri autori (Persone) | NikolovMarianne |
Collana | Studies on language acquisition |
Soggetto topico |
Language acquisition - Age factors
Second language acquisition Language and languages - Study and teaching Bilingualism in children |
Soggetto genere / forma | Electronic books. |
ISBN |
1-282-71721-9
9786612717215 3-11-021828-3 |
Classificazione | ER 920 |
Formato | Materiale a stampa |
Livello bibliografico | Monografia |
Lingua di pubblicazione | eng |
Nota di contenuto | Frontmatter -- Contents -- 1. The age factor in context -- 2. Early foreign language learning: Published research, good practice and main principles -- 3. Assessment of early learning of foreign languages in the USA -- 4. Assessing young language learners: What is the construct? -- 5. Language proficiency and age-appropriate methodology at the English Kindergarten of Kuopio -- 6. ''I can you help?'' Assessing speaking skills and interaction strategies of young learners -- 7. Input and long-term effects of early learning in a formal setting -- 8. English /l/ and /r/ acquisition by Japanese children and adults -- 9. Individual differences in early language programmes -- 10. Early foreign language instruction in Greece: Socioeconomic factors and their effect on young learners' language development -- 11. The role of aptitude in young learners' foreign language learning -- 12. Primary English in China: Policy, curriculum and implementation -- 13. The teacher factor in early foreign language learning programmes: The case of Vietnam -- 14. Chinese primary school students' use of communication strategies in EFL classrooms -- 15. Expanding the comparative context for early language learning: From foreign to heritage and minority language programmes -- 16. The status of the target language: Contemporary criteria influencing language choices for early learners in England -- 17. English for Young Learners (EYL) in grades 1 and 2 in Israel: A critical discourse analysis -- Backmatter |
Record Nr. | UNINA-9910456291103321 |
Berlin ; ; New York, : Mouton de Gruyter, 2009 | ||
Materiale a stampa | ||
Lo trovi qui: Univ. Federico II | ||
|