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Intro -- Foreword -- Preface -- Acknowledgments -- Contents -- Editors and Contributors -- Part I: Iron, Brain Function and Behavior -- Chapter 1: Iron and Neuro-Cognition -- 1 Introduction -- 2 Delicate Regulation of Iron in the Brain -- 3 Iron Buildup and Neurodegenerative Diseases -- 3.1 Friedreich´s Ataxia -- 3.2 Wilson´s Disease -- 3.3 Alzheimer´s Disease (AD) -- 3.4 Case Study -- 4 Brain Running Short on Iron -- 4.1 Iron Deficiency and Neurotransmitters Synthesis, Signaling, and Energy Demand -- 4.2 Neurons Insulation (Myelination) -- 4.3 Developmental Delays -- 4.4 ADHD -- 4.5 RLS -- 4.6 Effect of Iron on the Dopaminergic and Serotonergic System -- 5 Brain Iron Research Has a Way to Go -- 6 Conclusion -- References -- Chapter 2: The Interplay between Iron and Oxidative Stress in Brain Neurodegenerative Diseases -- 1 Iron as an Essential Micronutrient -- 1.1 Introduction -- 1.2 Dietary Sources, Forms and Requirements of Iron -- 1.2.1 Iron Dietary Sources -- 1.2.2 Iron Forms -- 1.2.3 Human Requirements of Iron -- 1.3 Iron Bioavailability -- 1.4 Iron Metabolism -- 1.4.1 Iron Uptake, Absorption, and Transportation -- 1.4.2 Iron Utilization, Circulation, Reutilization, and Storage -- 1.4.3 Iron Excretion and Regulation -- 1.5 Brain Iron -- 2 Oxidative Stress, Iron Overload, and Brain Degenerative Diseases -- 2.1 The Concept of Oxidative Stress and Redox Signaling -- 2.2 The Crosstalk Between Iron and Redox Signaling and the Consequences of Iron Homeostasis Impairment -- 2.3 Iron Overload, Oxidative Stress, and Brain Degenerative Diseases (Selective Cases) -- 3 Conclusion -- References -- Chapter 3: Specific Nutritional Therapeutic Approaches Targeting Iron Overload and Other Hallmarks of Brain Degenerative Disea... -- 1 Therapeutic Opportunities from Nutritional Point of View -- 1.1 Introduction -- 1.2 Nutritional Therapeutic Opportunities.
1.2.1 Nutritional Treatment of Iron Overload -- Iron Chelators -- Natural Antioxidants -- 1.2.2 Diet Modification -- Diets Rich in Iron Chelators, Antioxidants, and Neurogenerative Molecules -- Caloric Restriction Diets -- Mediterranean Diet -- Gut Microbiota -- 2 Iron Between Deficiency and Overload -- 3 Conclusion -- References -- Chapter 4: Mediterranean Diet and Neuro-Cognition: Focus on Alzheimer Disease -- 1 Introduction -- 2 Mediterranean Diet and Cognitive Health -- 3 Mediterranean Diet and Alzheimer Disease -- 3.1 Fish, Dietary Fatty Acids and Risk of Cognitive Decline and Alzheimer´s Disease -- 3.2 Olive Oil and Risk of Cognitive Decline and Alzheimer´s Disease -- 3.3 Dairy Products and Risk of Cognitive Decline and Alzheimer´s Disease -- 3.4 Tea, Coffee and Risk of Cognitive Decline and Alzheimer´s Disease -- 3.5 Fruits, Vegetables and Risk of Cognitive Decline and Alzheimer´s Disease -- 4 Possible Mechanisms of Mediterranean Diet -- 5 Conclusion -- References -- Part II: Brain Disorders Related to Iron -- Chapter 5: The Critical Roleplay of Iron Neurochemistry in Progression of Parkinson´s Disease -- 1 Introduction -- 2 Brain Iron Transport -- 2.1 Overview of Iron Movement across Brain -- 2.2 Astrocyte Iron Movement -- 2.3 Oligodendrocytes (Transferrin Secretion) -- 2.4 Microglia -- 3 Iron Metabolism in Brain -- 3.1 Absorption -- 3.2 Storage -- 3.3 Brain Iron Toxicity and Accumulation -- 4 Gut Microbiota: A Bridging Stone Between Iron Metabolism and Neurodegeneration -- 5 Biochemical Pathways Accelerating Iron Aggregation -- 5.1 Disabled Iron Discharge -- 5.2 Modified Iron Deposition -- 5.3 Enhanced Iron Influx -- 6 Altered Neurobiology of Iron in PD -- 6.1 Abnormal Iron Homeostasis under Pathophysiological Condition of PD -- 6.2 Interconnection Between Iron and Alpha Synuclein -- 6.3 Ubiquitin-Proteasome System Induced Cell Death.
6.4 How Oxidative Stress Is Linked to Iron Imbalance -- 7 Ferroptosis -Cell Death Pathway in PD Utilizing Iron -- 8 Treatment Strategies for Parkinson´s Disease Targeting Iron Homeostasis -- 8.1 Iron Chelators: A Promising Treatment for PD -- 9 Conclusions and Future Prospects -- References -- Chapter 6: Iron-Calcium Crosstalk in Neurodegenerative Diseases -- 1 Introduction -- 2 Iron -- 2.1 Homeostasis and Repercussion of Altered Concentration of Brain Iron -- 2.2 Brain Anomalies and Iron -- 3 Calcium -- 3.1 Homeostasis and Repercussion of Altered Concentration of Brain Calcium -- 3.2 Brain Anomalies and Calcium -- 4 Calcium-Iron Crosstalk: A Strange Phenomenon -- 5 Ferroptosis: A Cell Death -- 5.1 Iron Balancing in Ferroptosis -- 5.2 Calcium and Iron Induced Cell Death: Play Collective Role in Oxytosis or Ferroptosis -- 6 Connecting Link to Neurodegeneration: Iron, Calcium, and Ferroptosis -- 6.1 Pantothenate Kinase-Associated Neurodegeneration (PKAN) -- 6.2 Calcineurin -- 6.3 Ryanodine Receptor -- 6.4 Acyl-CoA Synthetase Long-Chain Family Member 4 (ACSL4) -- 7 Conclusion -- References -- Chapter 7: Iron and Alzheimer´s Disease -- 1 Introduction -- 2 Alzheimer´s Disease -- 2.1 Pathogenesis -- 2.2 Symptoms and Treatments -- 3 Brain Iron Metabolism -- 3.1 What Is Iron? -- 3.2 Iron Absorption and Transport into the Brain -- 3.3 Iron Regulation in the Brain -- 4 Iron and Alzheimer´s Disease: What Is the Interplay? -- 5 Conclusion -- References -- Chapter 8: Iron and Multiple Sclerosis -- 1 Introduction -- 2 Brain-Iron Homeostasis -- 2.1 Iron Uptake in the Brain -- 3 Imaging and Brain Iron in Multiple Sclerosis -- 4 Disruption of Iron Homeostasis in Multiple Sclerosis -- 4.1 Iron Accumulation in Brain -- 4.2 Ferroptosis: Tissue Damage Via Iron Accumulation -- 5 Astrocytes -- 6 Oligodendrocytes -- 7 Grey Matter Iron Accumulation.
8 White Matter Iron Deposition -- 9 Iron Genetic Relation in Multiple Sclerosis -- 10 Iron Chelation Therapy in Multiple Sclerosis -- 11 Chelation Therapy in EAE Model of Multiple Sclerosis -- 11.1 Impact of Brain Iron Accumulation on Cognition and Memory -- 11.2 Brain Iron in Fetus Development -- 11.3 Association of Aging to Iron Induced Neurodegeneration -- 12 Conclusion -- References -- Chapter 9: Iron and Epilepsy -- 1 Introduction -- 1.1 Epilepsy- a Neurological Disorder -- 1.2 Epilepsy Prevalence around the World -- 1.3 Epilepsy in Adults -- 1.4 Risk Factors of Epilepsy -- 1.5 Epilepsy Classification -- 1.6 Seizure -- 1.6.1 The Structure of Classification -- 1.6.2 Classification of Seizure -- 1.6.3 Seizures Are further Classified into Three Based on the Onset (Auvin, 2018) -- 2 Mortality in Epilepsy -- 3 Neuropathology of Epileptic Seizures -- 4 Iron in Brain -- 5 Modulation of Erythropoiesis in the Blood-Brain Barrier (BBB) -- 6 Brain Iron Deposition and Neuronal Death -- 7 Iron in Epilepsy -- 8 Epilepsy Induced by Iron -- 9 Iron Metabolic Process in Epilepsy -- 10 Histopathological Changes in the Epileptic Brain Tissue -- 11 Histopathological Changes in the Iron Induced Epileptic Brain Tissue -- 12 Management of Epilepsy -- 12.1 Initial Management of Epilepsy -- 12.2 Diagnosis of Epilepsy -- 12.3 Pharmaceutical Intervention -- 12.4 Few Common Antiepileptic Drugs (AEDs) -- 12.5 Common Basic Issues Using Anti-Epileptic Drugs -- 12.6 Epilepsy that Is Resistant to Medication -- 12.7 Surgical Therapy -- 12.8 Alternative Treatment Options -- 12.9 Precision Medicine -- 13 Treatment of Epilepsy Induced by Iron -- 14 Conclusion -- References -- Chapter 10: Iron and Subarachnoid Hemorrhage -- 1 Introduction to Subarachnoid Hemorrhage (SAH) -- 2 Epidemiology -- 3 Signs and Symptoms -- 4 Introduction to Iron -- 5 Overview of the Anatomy of Brain.
6 Homeostasis of Iron in the Brain -- 7 Early Brain Injury Post-SAH -- 8 Cerebral Vasospasm Post-SAH -- 9 Role of Iron after SAH -- 10 Body´s Defense against Unbound Heme -- 11 SAH Markers -- 11.1 Hepcidin -- 11.2 Haptoglobin -- 11.3 Haptoglobin Genotype -- 11.4 Total Iron Binding Capacity -- 12 Other Markers -- 13 Heme-Oxygenase 1 -- 14 Ferroptosis -- 15 Biomarker for Ferroptosis -- 16 Ferroptosis and GPX4 -- 17 Ferroptosis and Liproxstatin-1 -- 18 Intracerebral Iron Accumulation -- 19 SAH and Acute Seizures -- 20 SAH and Acute Hydrocephalus -- 21 MRI-QSM (Magnetic Resonance Imaging-Quantitative Susceptibility Mapping) -- 22 Nimodipine and Deferoxamine -- 23 Treatment of Neurotoxicity Caused by HB with Vitreous -- 24 Heat Shock Protein (HSP) and SAH -- 25 Conclusion -- References -- Chapter 11: Iron Deficiency and Psychiatric Disorders -- 1 Introduction -- 2 The Association Between ID and Psychiatric Disorders -- 2.1 Anxiety Disorders -- 2.2 Depressive Disorders -- 2.3 Bipolar Disorders -- 2.4 Schizophrenia and Related Psychoses -- 2.5 ID and Women´s Mental Health -- 2.5.1 Premenstrual Syndrome (PMS) -- 2.5.2 Iron and Pregnancy -- 3 Explaining Mechanisms of the Relationship Between ID and Psychiatric Disorders -- 4 Iron Supplementation and Risk of Psychiatric Disorders -- 5 Conclusion -- References -- Chapter 12: Iron and Neurodevelopmental Disorders -- 1 Introduction -- 2 Role of Iron in Nervous System Development -- 3 Iron and Neurodevelopmental Disorders -- 3.1 Iron and Neural Tube Defects -- 3.2 Iron and Autism Spectrum Disorder -- 3.3 Iron and Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD) -- 4 Conclusion -- References -- Chapter 13: Iron and Neuropathies -- 1 Introduction -- 2 Iron and Nerve Conduction -- 3 Iron and Neuropathies -- 3.1 Optic Neuropathy -- 3.2 Neurodegeneration with Brain Iron Accumulation (NBIA) -- 3.2.1 Neuroferritinopathy.
3.2.2 Infantile Neuroaxonal Dystrophy.
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Brain-iron cross talk / / edited by Wael Mohamed, Nicola Luigi Brogazzi, and Richard M. Kostrzewa
