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Islamic capital markets : theory and practice / / Noureddine Krichene
| Islamic capital markets : theory and practice / / Noureddine Krichene |
| Autore | Krichene Noureddine |
| Pubbl/distr/stampa | Singapore ; ; Hoboken, N.J., : Wiley, 2013 |
| Descrizione fisica | 1 online resource (xxv, 718 pages) : illustrations |
| Disciplina |
332.091767
332.6088297 |
| Collana | Wiley finance/Islamic finance series |
| Soggetto topico |
Investments - Religious aspects - Islam
Investments - Islamic countries Banks and banking - Islamic countries Capital market - Islamic countries Financial instruments - Islamic countries Finance (Islamic law) Bonds - Islamic countries |
| ISBN |
1-119-19910-7
1-283-86939-X 1-118-24714-0 |
| Formato | Materiale a stampa  |
| Livello bibliografico | Monografia |
| Lingua di pubblicazione | eng |
| Nota di contenuto |
Islamic Capital Markets: Theory and Practice; Copyright; Contents; Preface; Why Islamic Finance?; Why Money and Finance?; Why Stress Capital Theory?; Audience; Overview of the Contents; Acknowledgments; Glossary of Arabic Terms; Part One: Islamic Capital Markets: Tools of Securities Investment, Asset Pricing, Risk Management, and Portfolio Performance; Chapter 1: Capital Theory and Islamic Capital Markets; On the Nature of Capital; On the Nature of Interest and Profit; Capital Theory in Islamic Finance; Time Preference and Capital Markets; Standard Intertemporal Consumer Theory
Equilibrium Market Rate Capital Productivity: The Intertemporal Production Opportunity Set; General Equilibrium: Time Preference and Capital Productivity; Intertemporal Exchange-Production Model; Equilibrium Market Rate of Return; Model of Capital as a Subsistence Fund; Capital as an Engine of Growth; The Capital Market and the Economy; Definition of the Sectors; National Income and Products Accounts; Flow-of-Funds Accounts; The Markets; The Intermediation Role of the Capital Market; Summary; References; Questions; Chapter 2: Portfolio Theory and Risk-Return Tradeoff; Market Uncertainty Graphical Description of Uncertainty: Highly Volatile Capital Markets Measuring Risk and Return; Portfolio Diversification Theory; Mean-Variance Efficiency Frontier; Investor's Risk Preferences: Utility Function and Indifference Curves; A Portfolio Diversification Model; Portfolio Diversification in the Case of Two Risky Assets; A Model of a Riskless Asset and a Risky Asset; The Capital Market Line; Tobin's Two-Fund Theorem; Asset Pricing Based on Risk-Return Tradeoff; Systematic and Unsystematic Risk; The Capital Asset Pricing Model (CAPM); The Security Market Line Efficiency Frontier, Capital Market Line, Characteristic Line, and Security Market Line The Cost of Capital Based on the Capital Asset Pricing Model; Summary; References; Questions; Chapter 3: The Analytics of Sukuks; Valuation of an Asset; Present Value of a Cash Flow; Simple Compounding and Continuous Compounding; Valuation of Sukuks; Yield to Maturity; Reinvestment of Sukuk Coupons; The Par Yield; Zero-Coupon Sukuk; Spot Rates and Forward Rates; Spot Rates; Forward Rates; Arbitrage-Free Forward Rates; Forward Rate Agreements; Pricing Forward Rate Agreements The Term Structure of Rates of Return Types of Yield Curve; Theories of Term Structure; Unbiased Market Expectations (Pure Expectations) Theory; Liquidity Premium Theory; Market Segmentation Theory; Preferred Habitat Theory; Sukuk Duration; Definition of Duration; Properties of Duration; Duration and Sukuk Price Volatility; Sukuk Convexity; Definition of Convexity; Properties of Convexity; Immunization of Sukuk Portfolio; Cash-Flow Matching; Duration Matching; Application of Duration to Immunization; Hedging with Futures Contracts; Understand Risks in Sukuks; Summary; References; Questions Chapter 4: Islamic Stocks |
| Record Nr. | UNINA-9910141359603321 |
Krichene Noureddine
|
||
| Singapore ; ; Hoboken, N.J., : Wiley, 2013 | ||
| Materiale a stampa | ||
| Lo trovi qui: Univ. Federico II | ||
| ||
Sukuk securities : new ways of debt contracting / / Meysam Safari, Mohamed Ariff, Shamsher Mohamad
| Sukuk securities : new ways of debt contracting / / Meysam Safari, Mohamed Ariff, Shamsher Mohamad |
| Autore | Safari Meysam |
| Pubbl/distr/stampa | Singapore : , : Wiley, , 2014 |
| Descrizione fisica | 1 online resource (235 p.) |
| Disciplina | 332.6 |
| Collana | Wiley Finance Series |
| Soggetto topico |
Investments - Islamic countries
Securities - Islamic countries |
| ISBN |
1-119-02923-6
1-118-94375-9 |
| Formato | Materiale a stampa |
| Livello bibliografico | Monografia |
| Lingua di pubblicazione | eng |
| Nota di contenuto |
Sukuk Securities; Contents; Preface; Acknowledgments; List of Tables; List of Figures; About the Authors; PART ONE The Foundation of Sukuk Securities; CHAPTER 1 Introduction to Sukuk Markets; Islamic (Participation) Debt Securities; The Origin of Sukuk Structures; Contemporary Sukuk Securities; How Sukuk Securities Are Priced; The Structure of This Book; CHAPTER 2 Sukuk Securities: Definitions, Classification, and Pricing Issues; Fundamental Principles; Definitions and Regulations; Classification Based on Practices; Conclusion
CHAPTER 3 Pragmatic and Idealistic Approaches to Structuring Sukuk Shari'ah: The Basic Foundations of Islamic Finance and Sukuk; Sources of Shari'ah; Ijtihad; Islamic Financial Principles; Riba; Gharar; Three Approaches to Islamic Finance; The History of Sukuk; Sukuk Structures: Pragmatic and Idealistic Approaches; Shari'ah Requirements for Sukuk Structures; Sukuk Structures: A Pragmatic Approach; The AAOIFI Resolution: An Idealistic Approach; Conclusion; CHAPTER 4 Contract Design and the Structure of Common Sukuk Securities Issued to Date; Mudarabah (Partnership); Musharakah (Profit Sharing) Murabahah (Markup)Ijarah (Leasing); Salam (Futures); Istisna (Working Capital); Conclusion; CHAPTER 5 Samples of Sukuk Issued; Sukuk Simpanan Rakyat (Malaysia); Central Bank of Bahrain; Khazanah Nasional Berhad (Malaysia); Qatar Central Bank; Nakheel Sukuk (UAE); Mahan Airline Company (Iran); Conclusion; CHAPTER 6 Contract Design and the Structure of Sukuk Securities Yet Issued; Wakalah (Agency); Manfaah (Usufruct); Muzarah (Farmland Leasing); Musaqah (Orchard Leasing); Muqarasah (Tree Leasing); Conclusion; CHAPTER 7 Sukuk Securities and Conventional Bonds Comparison of the Yields of Islamic Securities and Bonds Yield Curves; The Granger Causality Test for the Yields of Sukuk and Conventional Bonds; Conclusion; PART TWO Sukuk Securities in Practice; CHAPTER 8 Regulations with a Difference; Regulating Sukuk; The Accounting and Auditing Organization for Islamic Financial Institutions; The Islamic Financial Services Board; The International Islamic Financial Market; Conclusion; CHAPTER 9 Securitization, Trading, and Rating; Sukuk Trading; Sukuk Securitization as IPO; Disclosure; Special Purpose Company (SPC); Sukuk Rating Methodologies Standard & Poor's Moody's; Fitch; RAM; MARC; Conclusion; CHAPTER 10 Worldwide Sukuk Markets; The Geographical Location of Sukuk Securities; Country of Domicile; Issuing-Country Risk; The Effect of Geographical Location on Contract Specifications; Conclusion; CHAPTER 11 Regulatory Issues for Sukuk Financial Products; The Current Sukuk Market; Regulation and Shari'ah Issues in the Current Sukuk Market; Current Sukuk Structures; Disclosures in the Current Sukuk Market; Do Regulators Have a Role in Sukuk Structures?; Market Supervision; Possible Developments and Implications The Extension of Sukuk to the Retail Market |
| Record Nr. | UNINA-9910132170203321 |
|
Safari Meysam
|
||
| Singapore : , : Wiley, , 2014 | ||
| Materiale a stampa | ||
| Lo trovi qui: Univ. Federico II | ||
| ||
Sukuk securities : new ways of debt contracting / / Meysam Safari, Mohamed Ariff, Shamsher Mohamad
| Sukuk securities : new ways of debt contracting / / Meysam Safari, Mohamed Ariff, Shamsher Mohamad |
| Autore | Safari Meysam |
| Pubbl/distr/stampa | Singapore : , : Wiley, , 2014 |
| Descrizione fisica | 1 online resource (235 p.) |
| Disciplina | 332.6 |
| Collana | Wiley Finance Series |
| Soggetto topico |
Investments - Islamic countries
Securities - Islamic countries |
| ISBN |
1-119-02923-6
1-118-94375-9 |
| Formato | Materiale a stampa |
| Livello bibliografico | Monografia |
| Lingua di pubblicazione | eng |
| Nota di contenuto |
Sukuk Securities; Contents; Preface; Acknowledgments; List of Tables; List of Figures; About the Authors; PART ONE The Foundation of Sukuk Securities; CHAPTER 1 Introduction to Sukuk Markets; Islamic (Participation) Debt Securities; The Origin of Sukuk Structures; Contemporary Sukuk Securities; How Sukuk Securities Are Priced; The Structure of This Book; CHAPTER 2 Sukuk Securities: Definitions, Classification, and Pricing Issues; Fundamental Principles; Definitions and Regulations; Classification Based on Practices; Conclusion
CHAPTER 3 Pragmatic and Idealistic Approaches to Structuring Sukuk Shari'ah: The Basic Foundations of Islamic Finance and Sukuk; Sources of Shari'ah; Ijtihad; Islamic Financial Principles; Riba; Gharar; Three Approaches to Islamic Finance; The History of Sukuk; Sukuk Structures: Pragmatic and Idealistic Approaches; Shari'ah Requirements for Sukuk Structures; Sukuk Structures: A Pragmatic Approach; The AAOIFI Resolution: An Idealistic Approach; Conclusion; CHAPTER 4 Contract Design and the Structure of Common Sukuk Securities Issued to Date; Mudarabah (Partnership); Musharakah (Profit Sharing) Murabahah (Markup)Ijarah (Leasing); Salam (Futures); Istisna (Working Capital); Conclusion; CHAPTER 5 Samples of Sukuk Issued; Sukuk Simpanan Rakyat (Malaysia); Central Bank of Bahrain; Khazanah Nasional Berhad (Malaysia); Qatar Central Bank; Nakheel Sukuk (UAE); Mahan Airline Company (Iran); Conclusion; CHAPTER 6 Contract Design and the Structure of Sukuk Securities Yet Issued; Wakalah (Agency); Manfaah (Usufruct); Muzarah (Farmland Leasing); Musaqah (Orchard Leasing); Muqarasah (Tree Leasing); Conclusion; CHAPTER 7 Sukuk Securities and Conventional Bonds Comparison of the Yields of Islamic Securities and Bonds Yield Curves; The Granger Causality Test for the Yields of Sukuk and Conventional Bonds; Conclusion; PART TWO Sukuk Securities in Practice; CHAPTER 8 Regulations with a Difference; Regulating Sukuk; The Accounting and Auditing Organization for Islamic Financial Institutions; The Islamic Financial Services Board; The International Islamic Financial Market; Conclusion; CHAPTER 9 Securitization, Trading, and Rating; Sukuk Trading; Sukuk Securitization as IPO; Disclosure; Special Purpose Company (SPC); Sukuk Rating Methodologies Standard & Poor's Moody's; Fitch; RAM; MARC; Conclusion; CHAPTER 10 Worldwide Sukuk Markets; The Geographical Location of Sukuk Securities; Country of Domicile; Issuing-Country Risk; The Effect of Geographical Location on Contract Specifications; Conclusion; CHAPTER 11 Regulatory Issues for Sukuk Financial Products; The Current Sukuk Market; Regulation and Shari'ah Issues in the Current Sukuk Market; Current Sukuk Structures; Disclosures in the Current Sukuk Market; Do Regulators Have a Role in Sukuk Structures?; Market Supervision; Possible Developments and Implications The Extension of Sukuk to the Retail Market |
| Record Nr. | UNINA-9910818787903321 |
|
Safari Meysam
|
||
| Singapore : , : Wiley, , 2014 | ||
| Materiale a stampa | ||
| Lo trovi qui: Univ. Federico II | ||
| ||
What's in It for me? [[electronic resource] ] : a primer on differences between Islamic and conventional finance in Malaysia / / Olga Krasicka and Sylwia Nowak
| What's in It for me? [[electronic resource] ] : a primer on differences between Islamic and conventional finance in Malaysia / / Olga Krasicka and Sylwia Nowak |
| Autore | Krasicka Olga |
| Pubbl/distr/stampa | Washington, D.C., : International Monetary Fund, c2012 |
| Descrizione fisica | 1 online resource (23 p.) |
| Altri autori (Persone) | NowakSylwia |
| Collana | IMF working paper |
| Soggetto topico |
Investments - Islamic countries
Investments, Foreign - Islamic countries |
| Soggetto genere / forma | Electronic books. |
| ISBN |
1-4755-4118-X
1-4755-6020-6 |
| Formato | Materiale a stampa |
| Livello bibliografico | Monografia |
| Lingua di pubblicazione | eng |
| Nota di contenuto |
Cover; Contents; I. Introduction; Figures; 1. Size of the Islamic Financial Services Industry; 2. Malaysia: Size of the Banking Sector; Boxes; 1. Malaysia: Developing the Islamic Finance Industry; 2. Malaysia: Islamic Finance Tax Incentives; II. Malaysia's Capital Markets and the Banking Sector: Stylized Facts; Tables; 1. Selected Asia: Bonds Outstanding in mid-2011; 3. Malaysia: Size of the Local Currency Bond Market; 4. Selected Asia: Foreign Holdings in Local Currency Government Bonds; 5. Malaysia: Size of the Islamic Bond Market; 6. Stock Market Performance
7. Malaysia: Banking Sector Structure III. Islamic and Conventional Bonds and Stocks in Malaysia; 2. Malaysia: Size of the Banking Sector; 8. Malaysia: Monthly Bond Returns; 9. Malaysia: Monthly Equity Returns; 10. Malaysia: Contributions of Common Factors to Bond and Equity Returns; 11. Malaysia: Factor Loadings of the Common Economic Factor; 3. Malaysia: Empirical Analysis of Bond and Stock Returns; 4. Malaysia: Strength and Profitability of Islamic and Conventional Banks; IV. Are Islamic Banks Safer and More Profitable Than Conventional Banks; 12. Malaysia: Loan Classification 13. Malaysia: Capital, Reserves, and Total Deposits14. Malaysia: Deposit Classification by Holder; V. Policy Implications and Conclusions; References |
| Record Nr. | UNINA-9910452605003321 |
|
Krasicka Olga
|
||
| Washington, D.C., : International Monetary Fund, c2012 | ||
| Materiale a stampa | ||
| Lo trovi qui: Univ. Federico II | ||
| ||
What’s in it for Me? A Primeron Differences between Islamic and Conventional Finance in Malaysia / / Olga Krasicka, Sylwia Nowak
| What’s in it for Me? A Primeron Differences between Islamic and Conventional Finance in Malaysia / / Olga Krasicka, Sylwia Nowak |
| Autore | Krasicka Olga |
| Pubbl/distr/stampa | Washington, D.C. : , : International Monetary Fund, , 2012 |
| Descrizione fisica | 1 online resource (23 p.) |
| Altri autori (Persone) | NowakSylwia |
| Collana | IMF Working Papers |
| Soggetto topico |
Investments - Islamic countries
Investments, Foreign - Islamic countries Banks and Banking Investments: Bonds Investments: Stocks Islamic Banking and Finance Industries: Financial Services Financial Markets and the Macroeconomy International Financial Markets Banks Depository Institutions Micro Finance Institutions Mortgages Other Economic Systems: Public Economics Financial Economics General Financial Markets: General (includes Measurement and Data) Pension Funds Non-bank Financial Institutions Financial Instruments Institutional Investors Financial Institutions and Services: Government Policy and Regulation Banking Investment & securities Finance Islamic banking Islamic finance Bonds Stocks Financial services Financial institutions Banks and banking Islamic countries Financial services industry |
| ISBN |
1-4755-4118-X
1-4755-6020-6 |
| Formato | Materiale a stampa |
| Livello bibliografico | Monografia |
| Lingua di pubblicazione | eng |
| Nota di contenuto |
Cover; Contents; I. Introduction; Figures; 1. Size of the Islamic Financial Services Industry; 2. Malaysia: Size of the Banking Sector; Boxes; 1. Malaysia: Developing the Islamic Finance Industry; 2. Malaysia: Islamic Finance Tax Incentives; II. Malaysia's Capital Markets and the Banking Sector: Stylized Facts; Tables; 1. Selected Asia: Bonds Outstanding in mid-2011; 3. Malaysia: Size of the Local Currency Bond Market; 4. Selected Asia: Foreign Holdings in Local Currency Government Bonds; 5. Malaysia: Size of the Islamic Bond Market; 6. Stock Market Performance
7. Malaysia: Banking Sector Structure III. Islamic and Conventional Bonds and Stocks in Malaysia; 2. Malaysia: Size of the Banking Sector; 8. Malaysia: Monthly Bond Returns; 9. Malaysia: Monthly Equity Returns; 10. Malaysia: Contributions of Common Factors to Bond and Equity Returns; 11. Malaysia: Factor Loadings of the Common Economic Factor; 3. Malaysia: Empirical Analysis of Bond and Stock Returns; 4. Malaysia: Strength and Profitability of Islamic and Conventional Banks; IV. Are Islamic Banks Safer and More Profitable Than Conventional Banks; 12. Malaysia: Loan Classification 13. Malaysia: Capital, Reserves, and Total Deposits14. Malaysia: Deposit Classification by Holder; V. Policy Implications and Conclusions; References |
| Record Nr. | UNINA-9910779104603321 |
|
Krasicka Olga
|
||
| Washington, D.C. : , : International Monetary Fund, , 2012 | ||
| Materiale a stampa | ||
| Lo trovi qui: Univ. Federico II | ||
| ||
What’s in it for Me? A Primeron Differences between Islamic and Conventional Finance in Malaysia / / Olga Krasicka, Sylwia Nowak
| What’s in it for Me? A Primeron Differences between Islamic and Conventional Finance in Malaysia / / Olga Krasicka, Sylwia Nowak |
| Autore | Krasicka Olga |
| Edizione | [1st ed.] |
| Pubbl/distr/stampa | Washington, D.C. : , : International Monetary Fund, , 2012 |
| Descrizione fisica | 1 online resource (23 p.) |
| Disciplina | 332.152 |
| Altri autori (Persone) | NowakSylwia |
| Collana | IMF Working Papers |
| Soggetto topico |
Investments - Islamic countries
Investments, Foreign - Islamic countries Banking Banks and Banking Banks and banking Banks Bonds Depository Institutions Finance Financial Economics Financial Institutions and Services: Government Policy and Regulation Financial institutions Financial Instruments Financial Markets and the Macroeconomy Financial services industry Financial services General Financial Markets: General (includes Measurement and Data) Industries: Financial Services Institutional Investors International Financial Markets Investment & securities Investments: Bonds Investments: Stocks Islamic Banking and Finance Islamic banking Islamic countries Islamic finance Micro Finance Institutions Mortgages Non-bank Financial Institutions Other Economic Systems: Public Economics Pension Funds Stocks |
| ISBN |
9781475541182
147554118X 9781475560206 1475560206 |
| Formato | Materiale a stampa |
| Livello bibliografico | Monografia |
| Lingua di pubblicazione | eng |
| Nota di contenuto |
Cover; Contents; I. Introduction; Figures; 1. Size of the Islamic Financial Services Industry; 2. Malaysia: Size of the Banking Sector; Boxes; 1. Malaysia: Developing the Islamic Finance Industry; 2. Malaysia: Islamic Finance Tax Incentives; II. Malaysia's Capital Markets and the Banking Sector: Stylized Facts; Tables; 1. Selected Asia: Bonds Outstanding in mid-2011; 3. Malaysia: Size of the Local Currency Bond Market; 4. Selected Asia: Foreign Holdings in Local Currency Government Bonds; 5. Malaysia: Size of the Islamic Bond Market; 6. Stock Market Performance
7. Malaysia: Banking Sector Structure III. Islamic and Conventional Bonds and Stocks in Malaysia; 2. Malaysia: Size of the Banking Sector; 8. Malaysia: Monthly Bond Returns; 9. Malaysia: Monthly Equity Returns; 10. Malaysia: Contributions of Common Factors to Bond and Equity Returns; 11. Malaysia: Factor Loadings of the Common Economic Factor; 3. Malaysia: Empirical Analysis of Bond and Stock Returns; 4. Malaysia: Strength and Profitability of Islamic and Conventional Banks; IV. Are Islamic Banks Safer and More Profitable Than Conventional Banks; 12. Malaysia: Loan Classification 13. Malaysia: Capital, Reserves, and Total Deposits14. Malaysia: Deposit Classification by Holder; V. Policy Implications and Conclusions; References |
| Record Nr. | UNINA-9911103557303321 |
|
Krasicka Olga
|
||
| Washington, D.C. : , : International Monetary Fund, , 2012 | ||
| Materiale a stampa | ||
| Lo trovi qui: Univ. Federico II | ||
| ||
What’s in it for Me? A Primeron Differences between Islamic and Conventional Finance in Malaysia / / Olga Krasicka, Sylwia Nowak
| What’s in it for Me? A Primeron Differences between Islamic and Conventional Finance in Malaysia / / Olga Krasicka, Sylwia Nowak |
| Autore | Krasicka Olga |
| Edizione | [1st ed.] |
| Pubbl/distr/stampa | Washington, D.C. : , : International Monetary Fund, , 2012 |
| Descrizione fisica | 1 online resource (23 p.) |
| Disciplina | 332.152 |
| Altri autori (Persone) | NowakSylwia |
| Collana | IMF Working Papers |
| Soggetto topico |
Investments - Islamic countries
Investments, Foreign - Islamic countries Banking Banks and Banking Banks and banking Banks Bonds Depository Institutions Finance Financial Economics Financial Institutions and Services: Government Policy and Regulation Financial institutions Financial Instruments Financial Markets and the Macroeconomy Financial services industry Financial services General Financial Markets: General (includes Measurement and Data) Industries: Financial Services Institutional Investors International Financial Markets Investment & securities Investments: Bonds Investments: Stocks Islamic Banking and Finance Islamic banking Islamic countries Islamic finance Micro Finance Institutions Mortgages Non-bank Financial Institutions Other Economic Systems: Public Economics Pension Funds Stocks |
| ISBN |
9781475541182
147554118X 9781475560206 1475560206 |
| Formato | Materiale a stampa |
| Livello bibliografico | Monografia |
| Lingua di pubblicazione | eng |
| Nota di contenuto |
Cover; Contents; I. Introduction; Figures; 1. Size of the Islamic Financial Services Industry; 2. Malaysia: Size of the Banking Sector; Boxes; 1. Malaysia: Developing the Islamic Finance Industry; 2. Malaysia: Islamic Finance Tax Incentives; II. Malaysia's Capital Markets and the Banking Sector: Stylized Facts; Tables; 1. Selected Asia: Bonds Outstanding in mid-2011; 3. Malaysia: Size of the Local Currency Bond Market; 4. Selected Asia: Foreign Holdings in Local Currency Government Bonds; 5. Malaysia: Size of the Islamic Bond Market; 6. Stock Market Performance
7. Malaysia: Banking Sector Structure III. Islamic and Conventional Bonds and Stocks in Malaysia; 2. Malaysia: Size of the Banking Sector; 8. Malaysia: Monthly Bond Returns; 9. Malaysia: Monthly Equity Returns; 10. Malaysia: Contributions of Common Factors to Bond and Equity Returns; 11. Malaysia: Factor Loadings of the Common Economic Factor; 3. Malaysia: Empirical Analysis of Bond and Stock Returns; 4. Malaysia: Strength and Profitability of Islamic and Conventional Banks; IV. Are Islamic Banks Safer and More Profitable Than Conventional Banks; 12. Malaysia: Loan Classification 13. Malaysia: Capital, Reserves, and Total Deposits14. Malaysia: Deposit Classification by Holder; V. Policy Implications and Conclusions; References |
| Record Nr. | UNINA-9911154810303321 |
| Krasicka Olga | ||
| Washington, D.C. : , : International Monetary Fund, , 2012 | ||
| Materiale a stampa | ||
| Lo trovi qui: Univ. Federico II | ||
| ||
