| Nota di contenuto |
Intro -- Series Editor's Foreword -- Preface -- Contents -- Contributors -- Chapter 1: Normal Regulation of Serum Calcium -- Introduction -- Calcium Distribution -- Calcium Distribution: Daily Homeostasis -- Calcium Distribution: Extracellular and Intracellular Calcium Distribution -- Calcium Distribution: Bone Is the Main Body Reservoir for Calcium -- Hormonal Calcium Regulation -- Parathyroid Hormone -- Vitamin D -- Calcitonin -- PTH-Related Peptide -- Phosphorus Regulation -- Fibroblast Growth Factor 23 (FGF23) -- Putting It All Together: The Feedback Mechanisms Responsible for Calcium Homeostasis -- Gastrointestinal System -- Kidneys -- References -- Chapter 2: Pathophysiology, Causes, and Clinical Manifestations of Hypercalcemia -- Introduction -- Calcium Homeostasis: Roles of the Skeleton, Intestine, and Kidney -- Skeleton -- Intestine -- Kidney -- Hormonal Regulation -- Symptoms and Signs of Hypercalcemia -- General -- Gastrointestinal -- Renal -- Neuropsychiatric -- Musculoskeletal -- Cardiovascular -- Physical Exam Findings -- Causes of Hypercalcemia -- Parathyroid Related -- Primary Hyperparathyroidism -- Lithium Therapy -- Familial Hypocalciuric Hypercalcemia -- Metaphyseal Chondrodysplasia -- PTH Therapy Related -- Malignancy Related -- Vitamin D Related -- Vitamin D Intoxication -- Increased 1,25(OH)2D -- Associated with High Bone Turnover -- Hyperthyroidism -- Immobilization -- Thiazides -- Vitamin A Intoxication -- Associated with Renal Failure -- Severe Secondary Hyperparathyroidism -- Aluminum Intoxication -- Milk-Alkali Syndrome -- Rhabdomyolysis -- Miscellaneous Causes and Medications -- References -- Chapter 3: Diagnostic Approach to the Adult Patient with Hypercalcemia -- Introduction and Epidemiology -- Normal Regulation of Serum Calcium -- Pathophysiology, Differential Diagnosis, and Overview of Causes of Hypercalcemia.
Diagnostic Approach -- Confirm Hypercalcemia -- History and Physical Examination: Symptoms and Signs -- Laboratory Testing -- PTH -- Parathyroid Hormone-Related Peptide and Other Testing for Malignancy -- Vitamin D Metabolites -- Other Tests and Timing of Tests -- Other Etiologies -- Pitfalls in Diagnosis and Other Considerations -- Assay Interference -- Effect of Renal Dysfunction on PTH and PTHrP Assays -- Benign Production of PTHrP -- Conclusion -- References -- Chapter 4: Diagnostic Approach and Treatment of the Pediatric Patient with Hypercalcemia -- Introduction -- General Considerations -- Hypercalcemic Disorders of Childhood -- Parathyroid Hormone (PTH) Excess -- Other Forms of PTH1R Activation -- Excessive Vitamin D Action -- Other Disorders of Excess Gastrointestinal Calcium Absorption -- Non-PTH, PTHrP, or Vitamin D-Mediated Excess Bone Mineral Resorption -- Diminished Bone Mineral Deposition -- Diminished Renal Excretion of Calcium -- Pathophysiology Unknown -- Diagnostic and Treatment Approach -- Conclusion -- References -- Chapter 5: General Management and Treatment of Acute and Chronic Hypercalcemia in Adults -- Introduction -- Pathophysiology, Metabolic Effects, and Clinical Manifestations of Hypercalcemia -- General Considerations in the Treatment of Hypercalcemia -- Indications for Treatment -- Therapy of Severe Hypercalcemia -- Fundamental Approach -- Intravenous Hydration with Isotonic Saline -- Salmon Calcitonin -- Intravenous Bisphosphonates -- Denosumab -- Glucocorticoids -- Renal Replacement Therapy -- Calcimimetics -- Prevention of Hypercalcemia Recurrence -- Disease-Specific Approaches to Management of Hypercalcemia -- Summary -- References -- Chapter 6: Primary Hyperparathyroidism -- Introduction -- Risk Factors, Pathology, and Anatomical Location -- Epidemiology -- Diagnosis and Differential Diagnosis.
Pathophysiology of Hypercalcemia in PHPT -- Clinical Presentation: Asymptomatic Versus Symptomatic PHPT -- Target Organs: Skeleton -- Bone Mineral Densitometry and Other Imaging Modalities -- Fractures -- Target Organs: The Kidney -- Nonclassical Organ Involvement -- Evaluation -- Natural History: Observational Experience -- After Surgery -- Without Surgery -- Natural History: Randomized Controlled Trials -- Who Should Be Recommended to Have Parathyroid Surgery? Guidelines for Surgical Intervention -- Surgery -- Preoperative Localization of Hyperfunctioning Parathyroid Tissue -- Parathyroidectomy -- Nonsurgical Management -- General Measures -- Pharmacological Approaches to PHPT -- Summary -- References -- Chapter 7: Genetic Causes of Primary Hyperparathyroidism -- Introduction -- Familial Hypocalciuric Hypercalcemia Syndrome -- Neonatal Severe Primary Hyperparathyroidism -- Multiple Endocrine Neoplasia Type 1 -- Multiple Endocrine Neoplasia Type 4 -- Multiple Endocrine Neoplasia Type 2A -- Hyperparathyroidism-Jaw Tumor Syndrome -- Familial Isolated Primary Hyperparathyroidism -- Sporadic Primary Hyperparathyroidism -- References -- Chapter 8: Familial Hypocalciuric Hypercalcemia and Disorders of the Calcium-Sensing Receptor -- Epidemiology -- Pathophysiology -- Etiology -- Clinical Presentation -- Diagnosis -- Management/Treatment -- References -- Chapter 9: Overview of Hypercalcemia of Malignancy and Humoral Hypercalcemia of Malignancy -- Overview of the Mechanisms of Hypercalcemia of Malignancy -- Humoral Hypercalcemia of Malignancy: History, Pathophysiology, and Detection -- Rare Causes of Hypercalcemia of Malignancy: HTLV-1/ATLL and Non-parathyroid Tumors -- Treatment of PTHrP-Mediated Hypercalcemia of Malignancy -- Conclusions -- References -- Chapter 10: Myeloma-Related Hypercalcemia and Bone Disease -- Introduction.
Epidemiology and Diagnosis -- Pathophysiology of Bone Disease in Multiple Myeloma -- Clinical Presentation of Bone Disease in Multiple Myeloma -- Effect of Myeloma Bone Disease on Survival of Patients with Multiple Myeloma -- Management of Myeloma Bone Disease -- Summary -- References -- Chapter 11: Hypercalcemia Due to Malignancy-Related Production of 1,25-Dihydroxyvitamin D -- Introduction and Epidemiology -- Associated Malignancies -- Mechanism of 1,25-Dihydroxyvitamin D Production -- Clinical and Biochemical Presentation -- Treatment -- Summary -- References -- Chapter 12: Vitamin D Intoxication -- Overview of Vitamin D Metabolism -- Measurement of Vitamin D/Epidemiology of Vitamin D Intoxication -- Pathophysiology of Hypercalcemia Related to Vitamin D Intoxication -- Presentation -- Treatment for Vitamin D Intoxication -- Conclusion -- References -- Chapter 13: Benign 1,25-Dihydroxyvitamin D-Mediated Hypercalcemia -- Introduction -- Vitamin D Production, Metabolism, and Actions -- Signs and Symptoms -- Causes of 1,25(OH)2D-Mediated Hypercalcemia -- Congenital Conditions -- Granulomatous Diseases -- Evaluation -- Management -- References -- Chapter 14: Medication-Induced Hypercalcemia -- Introduction -- Specific Medications Associated with Hypercalcemia -- Calcium -- Vitamin D -- Vitamin A -- Thiazide Diuretics -- Lithium -- Parenteral Nutrition -- Theophylline -- Foscarnet -- Growth Hormone -- Omeprazole -- Aromatase Inhibitors -- Parathyroid Hormone -- Denosumab -- Summary -- References -- Chapter 15: Non-parathyroid Hormone-Mediated Endocrine Causes of Hypercalcemia -- Epidemiology -- Causes -- Thyrotoxicosis -- Pathophysiological Mechanism -- Presentation -- Clinical and Biochemical Patterns -- Diagnostic Testing -- Treatment -- Pheochromocytoma -- Pathophysiological Mechanism -- Presentation -- Clinical and Biochemical Patterns.
Diagnostic Testing -- Treatment -- Adrenal Insufficiency -- Pathophysiological Mechanism -- Presentation -- Clinical and Biochemical Patterns -- Diagnostic Testing -- Treatment -- Acromegaly -- Pathophysiological Mechanism -- Presentation -- Clinical and Biochemical Patterns -- Diagnostic Testing -- Treatment -- References -- Chapter 16: Rare and Other Causes of Hypercalcemia -- Immobilization -- Rhabdomyolysis -- Paget's Disease of the Bone -- Advanced Chronic Liver Disease -- Paraffin Granulomatosis -- PTHrP-Associated Hypercalcemia in Benign Disease -- Conclusions -- References -- Index.
|
Info
Hypercalcemia : clinical diagnosis and management / / Marcella Donovan Walker, editor
