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Cover -- Title Page -- Copyright -- Contents -- About the Editors -- List of Contributors -- Acknowledgments -- Introduction -- Chapter 1 Demand‐Side Flexibility in Smart Grids -- 1.1 The Energy Sector -- 1.2 The Power Grid -- 1.3 The Smart Grid -- 1.4 Power Grid Flexibility -- 1.4.1 The Need for Flexibility -- 1.4.2 Sources of Flexibility -- 1.4.2.1 Flexible Generation -- 1.4.2.2 Flexible Transmission and Grid Interconnection -- 1.4.2.3 Control Over VRES -- 1.4.2.4 Energy Storage Facilities -- 1.4.2.5 Demand‐Side Management -- 1.4.2.6 Other Sources of Flexibility -- 1.5 Power Quality, Reliability, and Resilience -- 1.5.1 Power Quality Disturbances -- 1.5.1.1 Transients -- 1.5.1.2 Short‐Duration RMS Variation -- 1.5.1.3 Long‐Duration RMS Variation -- 1.5.1.4 Imbalance -- 1.5.1.5 Waveform Distortion -- 1.5.1.6 Voltage Fluctuation -- 1.5.1.7 Power Frequency Variations -- 1.6 Economic Implications and Issues of Poor Power Quality -- 1.7 Internet of Things -- 1.8 The Relevance of Submetering -- 1.9 Energy Smart Appliances -- References -- Chapter 2 A Deep Dive into the Smart Energy Home -- 2.1 Smart Home Ecosystem -- 2.2 Enabling Technologies -- 2.3 Limitations -- 2.4 A Look into a Future Anchored in the Past -- 2.5 Conclusion -- References -- Chapter 3 Household Energy Demand Management -- 3.1 Introduction -- 3.2 Technical Opportunities and Challenges for DSM -- 3.2.1 Software Solutions -- 3.2.2 Hardware Platforms -- 3.2.3 Communication Infrastructures -- 3.2.4 Communication Protocols -- 3.2.5 Security Concerns -- 3.3 Pilots and Experimental Settings -- 3.4 Conclusions -- Glossary -- References -- Chapter 4 Demand‐Side Management and Demand Response -- 4.1 Introduction -- 4.2 Demand Response vs. Demand‐Side Management -- 4.3 The Need for Demand Response/Demand‐Side Management -- 4.4 DSM Strategies -- 4.4.1 Energy Efficiency/Energy Conservation.
4.4.2 Peak Demand Clipping -- 4.4.3 Demand Valley Filling -- 4.4.4 Load Shifting -- 4.4.5 Flexible Load Shaping -- 4.4.6 Strategic Load Growth -- 4.5 Demand Response Programs -- 4.5.1 Types of Loads: Elastic vs. Non‐elastic -- 4.5.2 General Approaches to Demand Response -- 4.5.3 Smart Pricing Models for DR -- 4.6 Smallest Communication Subsystem Enabling DSM: HAN -- 4.6.1 General Structure -- 4.6.2 Enabling Communication Technologies -- 4.7 Smart Metering -- 4.7.1 Smart Meters vs. Conventional Meters -- 4.7.2 What Should Consumers Know About the Advanced Metering Infrastructure -- 4.8 Energy Usage Patterns of Households -- 4.9 Energy Consumption Scheduling -- 4.10 Demand Response Options for Appliances -- 4.11 Bidirectional Effects of Demand Response -- 4.11.1 Value of Demand Response for Balancing Renewable Energy Generation -- 4.11.2 Value of Demand Response for Reducing Household Energy Expenses -- 4.12 Consumer Objections and Wishes Related to Smart Appliances and Demand Response -- 4.13 Costs and Benefits of Demand‐Side Management -- References -- Chapter 5 Standardizing Demand‐Side Management: The OpenADR Standard and Complementary Protocols -- 5.1 History and Creation of OpenADR -- 5.2 Re‐development of OpenADR 2.0 -- 5.3 How OpenADR Works -- 5.3.1 Event Service (EiEvent) -- 5.3.2 Opt Service (EiOpt) -- 5.3.3 Report Service (EiReport) -- 5.3.4 Registration Service (EiRegister) -- 5.4 Cybersecurity -- 5.5 Other Standards and Their Interaction with OpenADR and Energy Smart Appliances -- 5.6 Energy Market Aspects for Appliances -- 5.7 Typical DR and DSM Use Cases -- References -- Chapter 6 Energy Smart Appliances -- 6.1 Energy Smart Appliances -- 6.2 Which Appliances? -- 6.3 Smart Energy Controller -- 6.4 Large Home Appliances -- 6.4.1 Dishwashers -- 6.4.2 Dryers -- 6.4.3 Grills and Smokers -- 6.4.4 HVAC -- 6.4.5 Microwaves.
6.4.6 Refrigerators and Freezers -- 6.4.7 Stoves, Ovens, and Cooktops -- 6.4.8 Washing Machines -- 6.4.9 Water Heaters -- 6.5 Small Appliances -- 6.5.1 Coffee Machines, Blenders, Faucets, Food Processors, Mixers, and Toasters -- 6.5.2 Robotic Lawn Mowers and Electric Tools -- 6.6 Monitoring -- 6.6.1 Energy Monitors, Haptics Sensors, Weather Sensors, and Others -- 6.7 Health, Comfort, and Care -- 6.7.1 Air Purifiers, Humidifiers, Health Monitors, Sleep Sensors, and Tracking Devices -- 6.7.2 Cat Litter Robots, Pet Feeders, and Other Pet‐Related Connected Devices -- 6.7.3 Hair Dryers, Brushes, and Straighteners -- 6.7.4 Treadmills, Indoor Exercise Bike, and Other Fitness Equipment -- 6.7.5 Water Filtration Systems -- 6.8 House Automation -- 6.8.1 Blinds & -- Shades and Light Bulbs -- 6.8.2 Garage Door Opener -- 6.8.3 Sprinklers, Gardening Sensors, and Accent Lighting -- 6.8.4 Smart Power Strips and Smart Power Switches -- 6.8.5 Presence, Proximity, and Movement Sensors -- 6.8.6 Thermostats and Temperature Sensors -- 6.8.7 Vacuum Cleaners, Vacuum Robots, Mop Robots, and Power Tools -- 6.9 Non‐appliances -- 6.9.1 Electric Cars and Motorcycles -- 6.9.2 Desktop Computers -- 6.9.3 Modems and Routers -- 6.9.4 Power Banks, Uninterrupted Power Supplies -- 6.9.5 Smartphones, Tablet Computers, Smartwatches, and Video Games -- 6.10 Entertainment -- 6.10.1 Aquariums -- 6.10.2 Audio Systems -- 6.10.3 Televisions and Streaming Receivers (Cast Feature) -- 6.10.4 Virtual Assistants (Multiple Forms) -- 6.10.5 Virtual Reality Goggles and Other Gadgets -- 6.11 Security -- 6.11.1 Alarms, Cameras, Door Locks, and Doorbell Cameras -- 6.12 Conclusion -- References -- Chapter 7 The ETSI SAREF Ontology for Smart Applications: A Long Path of Development and Evolution -- 7.1 Introduction -- 7.2 IoT Ontologies for Semantic Interoperability -- 7.3 The SAREF Initiative.
7.4 Specification and Design of the SAREF Ontology -- 7.4.1 A Modular and Versioned Suite of Ontologies -- 7.4.2 Methodology -- 7.4.3 Version Control and Editing Workflow -- 7.4.4 Automatization of Requirements and Quality Checks -- 7.4.5 Continuous Integration and Deployment -- 7.5 Overview of the SAREF Ontology -- 7.5.1 Device -- 7.5.2 Feature of Interest and Property -- 7.5.3 Measurement -- 7.5.4 Service, Function, Command, and State -- 7.6 The SAREF Ontology in the Smart Home Environment -- 7.6.1 Energy -- 7.6.2 Water -- 7.6.3 Building -- 7.6.4 City -- 7.6.5 Systems -- 7.7 The SAREF Ontology in Use -- 7.8 Lessons Learnt -- 7.8.1 Specification of Ontology Requirements -- 7.8.2 Stakeholder's Workshops -- 7.8.3 Tool Support -- 7.8.4 Ontology Modularization -- 7.8.5 Ontology Patterns -- 7.9 Conclusions and Future Work -- Acknowledgments -- References -- Chapter 8 Scheduling of Residential Shiftable Smart Appliances by Metaheuristic Approaches -- 8.1 Introduction -- 8.2 Demand Response Programs in Demand‐Side Management -- 8.3 Time‐Shiftable and Smart Appliances in Residences -- 8.4 Smart Metaheuristic Algorithms -- 8.4.1 BAT Algorithm -- 8.4.2 Firefly Algorithm (FFA) -- 8.4.3 Cuckoo Search Algorithm -- 8.4.4 SOS Algorithm -- 8.5 Scheduling of Time‐Shiftable Appliances by Smart Metaheuristic Algorithms -- References -- Chapter 9 Distributed Operation of an Electric Vehicle Fleet in a Residential Area -- 9.1 Introduction -- 9.2 EV Charging Stations -- 9.3 EV Services -- 9.3.1 Ancillary Services -- 9.3.2 Domestic Services -- 9.4 Dispatching Strategies for EVs -- 9.4.1 Classification of EV Dispatching Strategies -- 9.5 Proposed Distributed EV Dispatching Strategy -- 9.6 Conclusions -- Acknowledgments -- References -- Chapter 10 Electric Vehicles as Smart Appliances for Residential Energy Management -- 10.1 Introduction.
10.2 EV Charging Standards and Charging Protocols -- 10.2.1 EV Charging Standards -- 10.2.1.1 IEC 61851 -- 10.2.1.2 SAE J1772 -- 10.2.1.3 GB/T 20234 -- 10.2.2 Charging Protocols for EV Charging -- 10.2.2.1 Type 1 AC Charger -- 10.2.2.2 Type 2 AC Charger -- 10.2.2.3 CHArge de MOve (CHAdeMO) Protocol -- 10.2.2.4 Combined Charging System (CCS) -- 10.2.2.5 Tesla Charging Protocol -- 10.3 Communication Protocols Used in EV Ecosystem -- 10.3.1 Open Charge Point Protocol -- 10.3.2 Open Automated Demand Response (OpenADR) -- 10.3.3 Open Smart Charging Protocol (OSCP) -- 10.3.4 IEEE 2030.5 -- 10.3.5 ISO/IEC 15118 -- 10.4 Residential EV Charging Infrastructure -- 10.4.1 Prerequisites to Installation of EV Charge Point -- 10.4.2 EV Charger Connection Requirements and Recommendations -- 10.4.2.1 United Kingdom -- 10.4.2.2 The Netherlands -- 10.4.2.3 Germany -- 10.5 Impacts of EV Charging -- 10.5.1 Impact on Electricity Distribution Network -- 10.5.1.1 Voltage Issues -- 10.5.1.2 Increase in Peak Load -- 10.5.1.3 Congestion -- 10.5.1.4 Losses -- 10.6 Smart Charging for Home Charging -- 10.6.1 Type of Smart Charging -- 10.6.2 Requirements for Smart Charging -- 10.6.3 Additional Smart Charging Enablers -- 10.7 Residential Smart Energy Management -- 10.7.1 Unidirectional Smart Charging -- 10.7.2 Vehicle‐to‐Home/Building -- 10.7.3 Vehicle‐to‐Grid (V2G) -- 10.8 Conclusion -- References -- Chapter 11 Induction Heating Appliances: Toward More Sustainable and Smart Home Appliances -- 11.1 Introduction to Induction Heating -- 11.1.1 Induction Heating Fundamentals -- 11.1.2 Induction Heating History -- 11.2 Domestic Induction Heating Technology -- 11.2.1 Power Electronics -- 11.2.2 Electromagnetic Design -- 11.2.3 Digital Control -- 11.2.4 Efficiency -- 11.3 Advanced Features and Connectivity -- 11.3.1 High‐Performance Power Electronics -- 11.3.2 Advanced Control.
11.3.3 Flexible Cooking Surfaces.
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1851-2023 : IEEE Standard for Design Criteria of Integrated Sensor-Based Test Applications for Household Appliances / / Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers
