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Coherent optical wireless communication principle and application / / Xizheng Ke, Jiali Wu
Coherent optical wireless communication principle and application / / Xizheng Ke, Jiali Wu
Autore Ke Xizheng
Pubbl/distr/stampa Singapore : , : Springer, , [2023]
Descrizione fisica 1 online resource (474 pages)
Disciplina 621.3827
Collana Optical wireless communication theory and technology
Soggetto topico Free space optical interconnects
Optical communications
Wireless communication systems
ISBN 981-19-4823-2
Formato Materiale a stampa
Livello bibliografico Monografia
Lingua di pubblicazione eng
Nota di contenuto Intro -- Preface -- Introduction -- Contents -- 1 Optical Wirelss Coherent Detection: An Overview -- 1.1 Optical Wireless Coherent Communication -- 1.2 Optical Wireless Communication: Development Status -- 1.3 Research Status at Home and Abroad -- 1.3.1 Inter-Satellite Coherent Optical Detection -- 1.3.2 Coherent Optical Detection in Optical Fiber Communication -- 1.3.3 Free-Space Coherent Detection Communication System -- 1.4 Research Status on Factors Affecting Performance of Free-Space Coherent Detection Systems -- 1.5 Research Status on Factors Affecting Partially Coherent Beam Coherent Detection System -- 1.6 Research Status of Wavefront Correction -- 1.6.1 Research Status of Atmospheric Turbulence Compensation Technology -- 1.6.2 Research Status of Wavefront Correction Technology Abroad -- 1.6.3 Domestic Research Status of Wavefront Correction Technology -- References -- 2 Coherent Optical Communication -- 2.1 Basic Principles of Coherent Optical Communication -- 2.1.1 Fundamentals -- 2.1.2 Homodyne Detection -- 2.1.3 Heterodyne Detection -- 2.1.4 Detection of an Amplitude Modulated Signal -- 2.2 Coherent Modulation and Demodulation -- 2.2.1 Optical Modulation -- 2.2.2 Coherent Demodulation -- 2.2.3 System Performance -- 2.3 Factors Affecting Detection Sensitivity -- 2.3.1 Phase Noise -- 2.3.2 Intensity Noise -- 2.3.3 Polarization Noise -- 2.3.4 Key Technologies of Coherent Optical Communication Systems -- 2.4 Spatial Phase Conditions for Optical Heterodyne Detection -- 2.4.1 Spatial Phase Difference Conditions -- 2.4.2 Frequency Conditions -- 2.4.3 Polarization Conditions -- 2.5 Homodyne Detection and Heterodyne Detection -- 2.5.1 Homodyne Coherent Detection -- 2.5.2 Heterodyne Detection -- 2.6 Composition of Heterodyne Detection System -- 2.6.1 Wavefront Correction Module -- 2.6.2 Polarization Control Module.
2.6.3 Laser Frequency Stabilization Module -- 2.6.4 Balanced Detection Module -- 2.6.5 Coherent Demodulation Module -- 2.7 Performance Analysis of Heterodyne Detection System -- 2.7.1 Signal to Noise Ratio and Detection Sensitivity of Heterodyne Detection System -- 2.7.2 Performance Analysis of Heterodyne Detection System Under Ideal Conditions -- 2.7.3 Performance of Heterodyne Detection System with Optical Alignment Error -- 2.8 Signal-to-Noise Ratio, Bit Error Rate and Detection Sensitivity -- 2.8.1 Signal-to-Noise Ratio of Direct Detection and Heterodyne Detection -- 2.8.2 Bit Error Rate of Direct Detection and Heterodyne Detection -- 2.8.3 Analysis of Detection Sensitivity of Direct and Heterodyne Detection -- 2.9 Influence of Wavefront Distortion on Spatial Coherent Optical Communication -- 2.9.1 Principle of Wavefront Distortion -- 2.9.2 The Effect of Wavefront Distortion -- References -- 3 Spatial Light to Fiber Coupling and Beam Control -- 3.1 Space Optical-Fiber Coupling Technology -- 3.1.1 Ideal Lens-Single-Mode Fiber Coupling -- 3.1.2 Gaussian Beam Coupling -- 3.2 Spatial Plane Wave-Lens-Single Mode Fiber Coupling Under Weakly Turbulent Atmosphere -- 3.2.1 Light Field Distribution and Refractive Index Power Spectrum Under Atmospheric Turbulence -- 3.2.2 Lens Coupling Under Atmospheric Turbulence -- 3.2.3 Relative Variance in Fluctuation of Lens Coupled Optical Power Under Atmospheric Turbulence -- 3.2.4 Spatial Optical Coupling of Lens Array Under Atmospheric Turbulence -- 3.3 Automatic Alignment Algorithm for Spatial Light-Optical-Fiber Coupling -- 3.3.1 Simulated Annealing Algorithm -- 3.3.2 Particle Swarm Optimization -- 3.4 Beam Array Control Based on Maka Antenna -- 3.4.1 Maka Antenna and Existing Problems -- 3.4.2 Array Gaussian Beam Control Based on Maka Antenna.
3.4.3 Coupling Efficiency of Maka Antenna Under Atmospheric Turbulence -- References -- 4 Beam Polarization Control Technology -- 4.1 Advances in Beam Polarization Control -- 4.2 Coherent Optical Communication System with Polarization Control -- 4.2.1 Representation of Light Polarization -- 4.2.2 Polarization Control of Coherent Optical Communication Systems -- 4.3 Coherent Optical Communication Polarization Control Model and Control Algorithm -- 4.3.1 Polarization Control Model for Coherent Optical Communication Systems -- 4.3.2 Simulated Annealing Algorithm in Polarization Control -- 4.3.3 Application of Particle Swarm Algorithm in Polarization Control -- 4.3.4 Design of SPO Algorithm and Its Application in Polarization Control -- 4.3.5 Comparison of the Three Algorithms -- 4.4 Endless Reset of the Polarization Controller -- 4.4.1 Small Step Backward Reset Method and Direct Reset Method -- 4.4.2 Experiment of Direct Reset Method -- 4.5 Experiment of Polarization Control -- 4.5.1 Experimental Setup -- 4.5.2 Polarization-Controlled External Field Experiments -- References -- 5 Double Balanced Detection.-Wavefont Correction System -- 5.1 Domestic and International Development: History and Current Situation -- 5.1.1 Foreign Developments: History and Current Situation -- 5.1.2 Domestic Developments: History and Present Situation -- 5.2 Structure and Principle of Double-Balanced Detection System -- 5.2.1 Classification of 90° Optical Mixers Used in Double-Balanced Detection Techniques -- 5.2.2 Classification of Balanced Detectors -- 5.2.3 Principle of Double-Balanced Detection -- 5.3 Balance Mismatch Analysis of Double-Balanced Detection Technology -- 5.3.1 Effect of Mixer -- 5.3.2 Effect of Balanced Detectors -- 5.4 Common-Mode Rejection Ratio in Double-Balanced Detection System -- 5.4.1 Common-Mode Rejection Ratio -- 5.4.2 Signal-to-Noise Ratio.
5.4.3 Numerical Simulation -- 5.5 Optisystem Simulation of Double-Balanced Detection System -- 5.5.1 Simulation of Double-Balanced Detection System -- 5.5.2 Effect of Power Mismatch on the SNR of Double-Balanced Detection -- 5.5.3 Effect of Time Mismatch on SNR of Double-Balanced Detection -- References -- 6 Adaptive Optics Correction -- 6.1 Research Status of Adaptive Optics System -- 6.2 Adaptive Optics System in Coherent Optical Communication -- 6.2.1 Principles of Adaptive Optics -- 6.2.2 Wavefront Sensor -- 6.2.3 Working Principle of Wavefront Corrector -- 6.3 System Error Analysis -- 6.3.1 Error Analysis of Adaptive Optics System -- 6.3.2 Methods to Suppress Systematic Errors -- 6.4 Implementation of Wavefront Controller -- 6.4.1 Wavefront Reconstruction Theory -- 6.4.2 Measurement of Influence Matrix of Deformable Mirror -- 6.4.3 Realization of Wavefront Control Algorithm -- 6.5 Correction of Wavefront Distortion -- 6.5.1 Analysis of Closed-Loop Control Parameter Adjustment Process -- 6.5.2 Impact of Wavefront Phase Distortion on Mixing Efficiency -- 6.5.3 Impact of Mixing Efficiency on Coherent Optical Communication Systems -- 6.6 Experimental Verification -- 6.6.1 Analysis of Dynamic Characteristics of Wavefront Controller -- 6.6.2 Analysis of Wavefront Distortion Correction Effect -- References -- 7 Wavefont Sensorless Adaptive Optics Correction -- 7.1 Fundamentals of Adaptive Optics -- 7.1.1 Wavefront Corrector -- 7.1.2 Wavefront Controller -- 7.1.3 Stochastic Parallel Gradient Descent Algorithm -- 7.2 Correction of Wavefront of Aberrated Gaussian Beams Using SPGD Algorithm -- 7.2.1 Optical Transmission Equation and Multiphase Screen Method -- 7.2.2 Simulation of Gaussian Beam Transmitted in Atmospheric Turbulence -- 7.2.3 Signal Optical Wavefront Correction at Various Turbulence Intensities.
7.2.4 AO Technology for Improvement of Performance of Coherent Optical Communication System -- 7.3 Experimental Studies -- 7.3.1 Correction of Static Wavefront Distortion Using SPGD Algorithm -- 7.3.2 SPGD Algorithm Wavefront Correction for Outlier Detection Coherent Optical Communication System -- References -- 8 Wavefont Correction Technique of Spatial Coherent Optical Communication with LC-SLM -- 8.1 Phase Calibration of LC-SLM -- 8.1.1 LC-SLM Phase Calibration -- 8.1.2 Structure of LC-SLM -- 8.1.3 Jones Matrix Analysis of LC-SLM Phase Modulation Principle -- 8.2 Working Principle of Phase Calibration of LC-SLM -- 8.2.1 Interference Fringe Shift Method -- 8.2.2 Working Principle of Interference Fringe Movement Method -- 8.3 Phase Calibration Experiments -- 8.3.1 Phase Calibration Experiment of LC-SLM-R -- 8.3.2 Least Squares Fitting -- 8.4 LC-SLM-R Spatial Coherent Optical Communication Wavefront Correction System -- 8.4.1 LC-SLM-R Wavefront Distortion Correction Principle -- 8.4.2 Structure of Wavefront Correction System -- 8.5 Principle of Wavefront Measurement -- 8.5.1 Static Wavefront Measurement of Transverse Shear Interferometer -- 8.5.2 Shack-Hartmann Real-Time Wavefront Measurement Principle -- 8.6 Wavefront Reconstruction -- 8.6.1 Zernike Polynomial -- 8.6.2 Wavefront Reconstruction Based on Zernike Polynomial -- 8.7 LC-SLM-R Wavefront Correction Experiment -- 8.7.1 Static Wavefront Correction Experiment -- 8.7.2 Field Experiment -- References -- 9 Effect of Beam Mode on Coherent Detection System -- 9.1 Basic Theory of Pattern Decomposition -- 9.1.1 Mathematical Model of Incoherent Mode Decomposition -- 9.1.2 Coherent Module Decomposition -- 9.2 Effect of Beam Pattern on Performance of Coherent Detection Systems -- 9.2.1 Mathematical Modeling of Effect of Beam Patterns on Coherent Detection Systems Under Atmospheric Turbulence.
9.2.2 Effect of Beam Pattern on Performance of Coherent Detection Systems.
Record Nr. UNINA-9910633929703321
Ke Xizheng  
Singapore : , : Springer, , [2023]
Materiale a stampa
Lo trovi qui: Univ. Federico II
Opac: Controlla la disponibilità qui
Coherent optical wireless communication principle and application / / Xizheng Ke, Jiali Wu
Coherent optical wireless communication principle and application / / Xizheng Ke, Jiali Wu
Autore Ke Xizheng
Pubbl/distr/stampa Singapore : , : Springer, , [2023]
Descrizione fisica 1 online resource (474 pages)
Disciplina 621.3827
Collana Optical wireless communication theory and technology
Soggetto topico Free space optical interconnects
Optical communications
Wireless communication systems
ISBN 981-19-4823-2
Formato Materiale a stampa
Livello bibliografico Monografia
Lingua di pubblicazione eng
Nota di contenuto Intro -- Preface -- Introduction -- Contents -- 1 Optical Wirelss Coherent Detection: An Overview -- 1.1 Optical Wireless Coherent Communication -- 1.2 Optical Wireless Communication: Development Status -- 1.3 Research Status at Home and Abroad -- 1.3.1 Inter-Satellite Coherent Optical Detection -- 1.3.2 Coherent Optical Detection in Optical Fiber Communication -- 1.3.3 Free-Space Coherent Detection Communication System -- 1.4 Research Status on Factors Affecting Performance of Free-Space Coherent Detection Systems -- 1.5 Research Status on Factors Affecting Partially Coherent Beam Coherent Detection System -- 1.6 Research Status of Wavefront Correction -- 1.6.1 Research Status of Atmospheric Turbulence Compensation Technology -- 1.6.2 Research Status of Wavefront Correction Technology Abroad -- 1.6.3 Domestic Research Status of Wavefront Correction Technology -- References -- 2 Coherent Optical Communication -- 2.1 Basic Principles of Coherent Optical Communication -- 2.1.1 Fundamentals -- 2.1.2 Homodyne Detection -- 2.1.3 Heterodyne Detection -- 2.1.4 Detection of an Amplitude Modulated Signal -- 2.2 Coherent Modulation and Demodulation -- 2.2.1 Optical Modulation -- 2.2.2 Coherent Demodulation -- 2.2.3 System Performance -- 2.3 Factors Affecting Detection Sensitivity -- 2.3.1 Phase Noise -- 2.3.2 Intensity Noise -- 2.3.3 Polarization Noise -- 2.3.4 Key Technologies of Coherent Optical Communication Systems -- 2.4 Spatial Phase Conditions for Optical Heterodyne Detection -- 2.4.1 Spatial Phase Difference Conditions -- 2.4.2 Frequency Conditions -- 2.4.3 Polarization Conditions -- 2.5 Homodyne Detection and Heterodyne Detection -- 2.5.1 Homodyne Coherent Detection -- 2.5.2 Heterodyne Detection -- 2.6 Composition of Heterodyne Detection System -- 2.6.1 Wavefront Correction Module -- 2.6.2 Polarization Control Module.
2.6.3 Laser Frequency Stabilization Module -- 2.6.4 Balanced Detection Module -- 2.6.5 Coherent Demodulation Module -- 2.7 Performance Analysis of Heterodyne Detection System -- 2.7.1 Signal to Noise Ratio and Detection Sensitivity of Heterodyne Detection System -- 2.7.2 Performance Analysis of Heterodyne Detection System Under Ideal Conditions -- 2.7.3 Performance of Heterodyne Detection System with Optical Alignment Error -- 2.8 Signal-to-Noise Ratio, Bit Error Rate and Detection Sensitivity -- 2.8.1 Signal-to-Noise Ratio of Direct Detection and Heterodyne Detection -- 2.8.2 Bit Error Rate of Direct Detection and Heterodyne Detection -- 2.8.3 Analysis of Detection Sensitivity of Direct and Heterodyne Detection -- 2.9 Influence of Wavefront Distortion on Spatial Coherent Optical Communication -- 2.9.1 Principle of Wavefront Distortion -- 2.9.2 The Effect of Wavefront Distortion -- References -- 3 Spatial Light to Fiber Coupling and Beam Control -- 3.1 Space Optical-Fiber Coupling Technology -- 3.1.1 Ideal Lens-Single-Mode Fiber Coupling -- 3.1.2 Gaussian Beam Coupling -- 3.2 Spatial Plane Wave-Lens-Single Mode Fiber Coupling Under Weakly Turbulent Atmosphere -- 3.2.1 Light Field Distribution and Refractive Index Power Spectrum Under Atmospheric Turbulence -- 3.2.2 Lens Coupling Under Atmospheric Turbulence -- 3.2.3 Relative Variance in Fluctuation of Lens Coupled Optical Power Under Atmospheric Turbulence -- 3.2.4 Spatial Optical Coupling of Lens Array Under Atmospheric Turbulence -- 3.3 Automatic Alignment Algorithm for Spatial Light-Optical-Fiber Coupling -- 3.3.1 Simulated Annealing Algorithm -- 3.3.2 Particle Swarm Optimization -- 3.4 Beam Array Control Based on Maka Antenna -- 3.4.1 Maka Antenna and Existing Problems -- 3.4.2 Array Gaussian Beam Control Based on Maka Antenna.
3.4.3 Coupling Efficiency of Maka Antenna Under Atmospheric Turbulence -- References -- 4 Beam Polarization Control Technology -- 4.1 Advances in Beam Polarization Control -- 4.2 Coherent Optical Communication System with Polarization Control -- 4.2.1 Representation of Light Polarization -- 4.2.2 Polarization Control of Coherent Optical Communication Systems -- 4.3 Coherent Optical Communication Polarization Control Model and Control Algorithm -- 4.3.1 Polarization Control Model for Coherent Optical Communication Systems -- 4.3.2 Simulated Annealing Algorithm in Polarization Control -- 4.3.3 Application of Particle Swarm Algorithm in Polarization Control -- 4.3.4 Design of SPO Algorithm and Its Application in Polarization Control -- 4.3.5 Comparison of the Three Algorithms -- 4.4 Endless Reset of the Polarization Controller -- 4.4.1 Small Step Backward Reset Method and Direct Reset Method -- 4.4.2 Experiment of Direct Reset Method -- 4.5 Experiment of Polarization Control -- 4.5.1 Experimental Setup -- 4.5.2 Polarization-Controlled External Field Experiments -- References -- 5 Double Balanced Detection.-Wavefont Correction System -- 5.1 Domestic and International Development: History and Current Situation -- 5.1.1 Foreign Developments: History and Current Situation -- 5.1.2 Domestic Developments: History and Present Situation -- 5.2 Structure and Principle of Double-Balanced Detection System -- 5.2.1 Classification of 90° Optical Mixers Used in Double-Balanced Detection Techniques -- 5.2.2 Classification of Balanced Detectors -- 5.2.3 Principle of Double-Balanced Detection -- 5.3 Balance Mismatch Analysis of Double-Balanced Detection Technology -- 5.3.1 Effect of Mixer -- 5.3.2 Effect of Balanced Detectors -- 5.4 Common-Mode Rejection Ratio in Double-Balanced Detection System -- 5.4.1 Common-Mode Rejection Ratio -- 5.4.2 Signal-to-Noise Ratio.
5.4.3 Numerical Simulation -- 5.5 Optisystem Simulation of Double-Balanced Detection System -- 5.5.1 Simulation of Double-Balanced Detection System -- 5.5.2 Effect of Power Mismatch on the SNR of Double-Balanced Detection -- 5.5.3 Effect of Time Mismatch on SNR of Double-Balanced Detection -- References -- 6 Adaptive Optics Correction -- 6.1 Research Status of Adaptive Optics System -- 6.2 Adaptive Optics System in Coherent Optical Communication -- 6.2.1 Principles of Adaptive Optics -- 6.2.2 Wavefront Sensor -- 6.2.3 Working Principle of Wavefront Corrector -- 6.3 System Error Analysis -- 6.3.1 Error Analysis of Adaptive Optics System -- 6.3.2 Methods to Suppress Systematic Errors -- 6.4 Implementation of Wavefront Controller -- 6.4.1 Wavefront Reconstruction Theory -- 6.4.2 Measurement of Influence Matrix of Deformable Mirror -- 6.4.3 Realization of Wavefront Control Algorithm -- 6.5 Correction of Wavefront Distortion -- 6.5.1 Analysis of Closed-Loop Control Parameter Adjustment Process -- 6.5.2 Impact of Wavefront Phase Distortion on Mixing Efficiency -- 6.5.3 Impact of Mixing Efficiency on Coherent Optical Communication Systems -- 6.6 Experimental Verification -- 6.6.1 Analysis of Dynamic Characteristics of Wavefront Controller -- 6.6.2 Analysis of Wavefront Distortion Correction Effect -- References -- 7 Wavefont Sensorless Adaptive Optics Correction -- 7.1 Fundamentals of Adaptive Optics -- 7.1.1 Wavefront Corrector -- 7.1.2 Wavefront Controller -- 7.1.3 Stochastic Parallel Gradient Descent Algorithm -- 7.2 Correction of Wavefront of Aberrated Gaussian Beams Using SPGD Algorithm -- 7.2.1 Optical Transmission Equation and Multiphase Screen Method -- 7.2.2 Simulation of Gaussian Beam Transmitted in Atmospheric Turbulence -- 7.2.3 Signal Optical Wavefront Correction at Various Turbulence Intensities.
7.2.4 AO Technology for Improvement of Performance of Coherent Optical Communication System -- 7.3 Experimental Studies -- 7.3.1 Correction of Static Wavefront Distortion Using SPGD Algorithm -- 7.3.2 SPGD Algorithm Wavefront Correction for Outlier Detection Coherent Optical Communication System -- References -- 8 Wavefont Correction Technique of Spatial Coherent Optical Communication with LC-SLM -- 8.1 Phase Calibration of LC-SLM -- 8.1.1 LC-SLM Phase Calibration -- 8.1.2 Structure of LC-SLM -- 8.1.3 Jones Matrix Analysis of LC-SLM Phase Modulation Principle -- 8.2 Working Principle of Phase Calibration of LC-SLM -- 8.2.1 Interference Fringe Shift Method -- 8.2.2 Working Principle of Interference Fringe Movement Method -- 8.3 Phase Calibration Experiments -- 8.3.1 Phase Calibration Experiment of LC-SLM-R -- 8.3.2 Least Squares Fitting -- 8.4 LC-SLM-R Spatial Coherent Optical Communication Wavefront Correction System -- 8.4.1 LC-SLM-R Wavefront Distortion Correction Principle -- 8.4.2 Structure of Wavefront Correction System -- 8.5 Principle of Wavefront Measurement -- 8.5.1 Static Wavefront Measurement of Transverse Shear Interferometer -- 8.5.2 Shack-Hartmann Real-Time Wavefront Measurement Principle -- 8.6 Wavefront Reconstruction -- 8.6.1 Zernike Polynomial -- 8.6.2 Wavefront Reconstruction Based on Zernike Polynomial -- 8.7 LC-SLM-R Wavefront Correction Experiment -- 8.7.1 Static Wavefront Correction Experiment -- 8.7.2 Field Experiment -- References -- 9 Effect of Beam Mode on Coherent Detection System -- 9.1 Basic Theory of Pattern Decomposition -- 9.1.1 Mathematical Model of Incoherent Mode Decomposition -- 9.1.2 Coherent Module Decomposition -- 9.2 Effect of Beam Pattern on Performance of Coherent Detection Systems -- 9.2.1 Mathematical Modeling of Effect of Beam Patterns on Coherent Detection Systems Under Atmospheric Turbulence.
9.2.2 Effect of Beam Pattern on Performance of Coherent Detection Systems.
Record Nr. UNISA-996499860403316
Ke Xizheng  
Singapore : , : Springer, , [2023]
Materiale a stampa
Lo trovi qui: Univ. di Salerno
Opac: Controlla la disponibilità qui
Free space optical networks for ultra-broad band services / / Stamatios V. Kartalopoulos
Free space optical networks for ultra-broad band services / / Stamatios V. Kartalopoulos
Autore Kartalopoulos Stamatios V.
Pubbl/distr/stampa Hoboken, New Jersey : , : Wiley, , c2011
Descrizione fisica 1 online resource (258 p.)
Disciplina 621.3981
Soggetto topico Free space optical interconnects
Broadband communication systems
ISBN 1-118-10422-6
1-283-24001-7
9786613240019
1-118-10421-8
Classificazione SCI067000
Formato Materiale a stampa
Livello bibliografico Monografia
Lingua di pubblicazione eng
Nota di contenuto Preface xv -- Acknowledgments xix -- About the Author xxi -- INTRODUCTION 1 -- 1 PROPAGATION OF LIGHT IN UNGUIDED MEDIA 11 -- 1.1 Introduction 11 -- 1.2 Laser Beam Characteristics 12 -- 1.3 Atmospheric Layers 28 -- 1.4 Atmospheric Effects on Optical Signals 30 -- 1.5 Coding for Atmospheric Optical Propagation 44 -- 1.6 LIDAR 44 -- 2 FSO TRANSCEIVER DESIGN 51 -- 2.1 Introduction 51 -- 2.2 Light Sources 52 -- 2.3 Modulators 61 -- 2.4 Photodetectors and Receivers 63 -- 2.5 Optical Amplifi cation 70 -- 2.6 Optical Signal to Noise Ratio 76 -- 2.7 Acquisition, Pointing and Tracking 77 -- 2.8 Adaptive and Active Optics 83 -- 2.9 Laser Safety 86 -- 2.10 Node Housing and Mounting 87 -- 3 POINT-TO-POINT FSO SYSTEMS 91 -- 3.1 Introduction 91 -- 3.2 Simple PtP Design 93 -- 3.3 Point-to-Point with Transponder Nodes 98 -- 3.4 Hybrid FSO and RF 101 -- 3.5 FSO Point-to-Multipoint 102 -- 3.6 FSO Point-to-Mobile 103 -- 4 RING FSO SYSTEMS 106 -- 4.1 Introduction 106 -- 4.2 Ring Topologies and Service Protection 107 -- 4.3 Ring Nodes with Add-Drop 109 -- 4.4 Concatenated Rings 111 -- 4.5 Ring to Network Connectivity 111 -- 5 MESH FSO SYSTEMS 113 -- 5.1 Introduction 113 -- 5.2 FSO Nodes for Mesh Topology 114 -- 5.3 Hybrid Mesh-FSO with RF 120 -- 5.4 Hybrid FSO-Fiber Networks 121 -- 6 WDM MESH-FSO 124 -- 6.1 Introduction 124 -- 6.2 Light Attributes 125 -- 6.3 Optical Media 125 -- 6.4 Interaction of Light with Matter 127 -- 6.5 Medium Birefringence 133 -- 6.6 DWDM and CWDM Optical Channels 134 -- 6.7 WDM FSO Links 135 -- 6.8 WDM Mesh FSO Networks 135 -- 6.9 Service Protection in Mesh-FSO Networks 138 -- 6.10 WDM Mesh-FSO versus EM-Wireless 140 -- 7 INTEGRATING MESH-FSO WITH THE PUBLIC NETWORK 143 -- 7.1 Introduction 143 -- 7.2 The Ethernet Protocol 145 -- 7.3 The TCP/IP Protocol 151 -- 7.4 The ATM Protocol 154 -- 7.5 Wireless Protocols 158 -- 7.6 The Next Generation SONET/SDH Protocol 164 -- 7.7 Next Generation SONET/SDH Networks 170 -- 7.8 Next Generation Protocols 175 -- 7.9 The GMPLS Protocol 177.
7.10 The GFP Protocol 179 -- 7.11 The LCAS Protocol 184 -- 7.12 The LAPS Protocol 184 -- 7.13 Any Protocol over SONET/SDH 186 -- 8 FSO NETWORK SECURITY 191 -- 8.1 Introduction 191 -- 8.2 Cryptography 193 -- 8.3 Security Levels 194 -- 8.4 Security Layers 195 -- 8.5 FSO Inherent Security Features 198 -- 8.6 Conclusion 200 -- 9 FSO SPECIFIC APPLICATIONS 202 -- 9.1 Introduction 202 -- 9.2 FSO Networks for Highway Assisted Communications 203 -- 9.3 Mesh-FSO in Disaster Areas 203 -- 9.4 Visual Light Communication 204 -- 9.5 Conclusion 207 -- References 207 -- Acronyms 209 -- Index 218.
Record Nr. UNINA-9910139607603321
Kartalopoulos Stamatios V.  
Hoboken, New Jersey : , : Wiley, , c2011
Materiale a stampa
Lo trovi qui: Univ. Federico II
Opac: Controlla la disponibilità qui
Free space optical networks for ultra-broad band services / / Stamatios V. Kartalopoulos
Free space optical networks for ultra-broad band services / / Stamatios V. Kartalopoulos
Autore Kartalopoulos Stamatios V.
Pubbl/distr/stampa Hoboken, New Jersey : , : Wiley, , c2011
Descrizione fisica 1 online resource (258 p.)
Disciplina 621.3981
Soggetto topico Free space optical interconnects
Broadband communication systems
ISBN 1-118-10422-6
1-283-24001-7
9786613240019
1-118-10421-8
Classificazione SCI067000
Formato Materiale a stampa
Livello bibliografico Monografia
Lingua di pubblicazione eng
Nota di contenuto Preface xv -- Acknowledgments xix -- About the Author xxi -- INTRODUCTION 1 -- 1 PROPAGATION OF LIGHT IN UNGUIDED MEDIA 11 -- 1.1 Introduction 11 -- 1.2 Laser Beam Characteristics 12 -- 1.3 Atmospheric Layers 28 -- 1.4 Atmospheric Effects on Optical Signals 30 -- 1.5 Coding for Atmospheric Optical Propagation 44 -- 1.6 LIDAR 44 -- 2 FSO TRANSCEIVER DESIGN 51 -- 2.1 Introduction 51 -- 2.2 Light Sources 52 -- 2.3 Modulators 61 -- 2.4 Photodetectors and Receivers 63 -- 2.5 Optical Amplifi cation 70 -- 2.6 Optical Signal to Noise Ratio 76 -- 2.7 Acquisition, Pointing and Tracking 77 -- 2.8 Adaptive and Active Optics 83 -- 2.9 Laser Safety 86 -- 2.10 Node Housing and Mounting 87 -- 3 POINT-TO-POINT FSO SYSTEMS 91 -- 3.1 Introduction 91 -- 3.2 Simple PtP Design 93 -- 3.3 Point-to-Point with Transponder Nodes 98 -- 3.4 Hybrid FSO and RF 101 -- 3.5 FSO Point-to-Multipoint 102 -- 3.6 FSO Point-to-Mobile 103 -- 4 RING FSO SYSTEMS 106 -- 4.1 Introduction 106 -- 4.2 Ring Topologies and Service Protection 107 -- 4.3 Ring Nodes with Add-Drop 109 -- 4.4 Concatenated Rings 111 -- 4.5 Ring to Network Connectivity 111 -- 5 MESH FSO SYSTEMS 113 -- 5.1 Introduction 113 -- 5.2 FSO Nodes for Mesh Topology 114 -- 5.3 Hybrid Mesh-FSO with RF 120 -- 5.4 Hybrid FSO-Fiber Networks 121 -- 6 WDM MESH-FSO 124 -- 6.1 Introduction 124 -- 6.2 Light Attributes 125 -- 6.3 Optical Media 125 -- 6.4 Interaction of Light with Matter 127 -- 6.5 Medium Birefringence 133 -- 6.6 DWDM and CWDM Optical Channels 134 -- 6.7 WDM FSO Links 135 -- 6.8 WDM Mesh FSO Networks 135 -- 6.9 Service Protection in Mesh-FSO Networks 138 -- 6.10 WDM Mesh-FSO versus EM-Wireless 140 -- 7 INTEGRATING MESH-FSO WITH THE PUBLIC NETWORK 143 -- 7.1 Introduction 143 -- 7.2 The Ethernet Protocol 145 -- 7.3 The TCP/IP Protocol 151 -- 7.4 The ATM Protocol 154 -- 7.5 Wireless Protocols 158 -- 7.6 The Next Generation SONET/SDH Protocol 164 -- 7.7 Next Generation SONET/SDH Networks 170 -- 7.8 Next Generation Protocols 175 -- 7.9 The GMPLS Protocol 177.
7.10 The GFP Protocol 179 -- 7.11 The LCAS Protocol 184 -- 7.12 The LAPS Protocol 184 -- 7.13 Any Protocol over SONET/SDH 186 -- 8 FSO NETWORK SECURITY 191 -- 8.1 Introduction 191 -- 8.2 Cryptography 193 -- 8.3 Security Levels 194 -- 8.4 Security Layers 195 -- 8.5 FSO Inherent Security Features 198 -- 8.6 Conclusion 200 -- 9 FSO SPECIFIC APPLICATIONS 202 -- 9.1 Introduction 202 -- 9.2 FSO Networks for Highway Assisted Communications 203 -- 9.3 Mesh-FSO in Disaster Areas 203 -- 9.4 Visual Light Communication 204 -- 9.5 Conclusion 207 -- References 207 -- Acronyms 209 -- Index 218.
Record Nr. UNINA-9910829958503321
Kartalopoulos Stamatios V.  
Hoboken, New Jersey : , : Wiley, , c2011
Materiale a stampa
Lo trovi qui: Univ. Federico II
Opac: Controlla la disponibilità qui
Free-space optics [[electronic resource] ] : propagation and communication / / Olivier Bouchet ... [et al.]
Free-space optics [[electronic resource] ] : propagation and communication / / Olivier Bouchet ... [et al.]
Pubbl/distr/stampa London ; ; Newport Beach, CA, : ISTE, 2006
Descrizione fisica 1 online resource (221 p.)
Disciplina 621.36
621.382/7
621.3827
Altri autori (Persone) BouchetOlivier
Collana ISTE
Soggetto topico Free space optical interconnects
Optical communications
Soggetto genere / forma Electronic books.
ISBN 1-280-51054-4
9786610510542
1-84704-452-2
0-470-61209-6
0-470-39441-2
1-84704-552-9
Formato Materiale a stampa
Livello bibliografico Monografia
Lingua di pubblicazione eng
Nota di contenuto Free-Space Optics; Table of Contents; Introduction; Chapter 1. History of Optical Telecommunications; 1.1. Some definitions; 1.1.1. Telecommunication; 1.1.2. Optical transmission; 1.1.3. Radio or Hertzian waves; 1.2. The prehistory of telecommunications; 1.3. The optical air telegraph; 1.4. The code; 1.5. The optical telegraph; 1.6. The heliograph or solar telegraph: a portable telecommunication system; 1.7. Alexander Graham Bell's photophone; Chapter 2. Basic Principles of Electromagnetism; 2.1. Introduction; 2.2. Maxwell's equations in an unspecified medium
2.3. Propagation of electromagnetic waves in an isotropic and linear homogeneous medium2.4. Energy associated with a wave; 2.5. Propagation of a wave in a non-homogeneous medium; 2.6. Coherent and incoherent waves; 2.7. Relations between classical electromagnetism and geometrical optics; 2.8. The electromagnetic spectrum; 2.9. Units and scales; 2.10. Examples of sources in the visible light and near visible light; 2.11. Conclusion; Chapter 3. Emission and Reception of Optical Beams; 3.1. Foreword; 3.2. Introduction; 3.3. Radiometry: basic concepts
3.4. Optical spectral windows, materials and eye-safety3.5. Transmitters; 3.5.1. Broad spectrum incoherent light emitting diodes; 3.5.1.1. Structures; 3.5.1.2. Near and far field patterns; 3.5.1.3. Spectral characteristics; 3.5.1.4. Electrical and optical characteristics; 3.5.2. Laser diodes: high radiant power output, coherent waves; 3.5.2.1. Structures; 3.5.2.2. "(Φtransmitted )/(Iinjected) characteristic": static and dynamic; 3.5.2.3. Spectra and near field patterns; 3.5.2.4. Spectral and modal instabilities and light intensity noise
3.5.3. Use of amplifiers with "rare earth ion" doped fibers3.6. Photodetectors; 3.6.1. Optical spectral range and materials; 3.6.2. Principle of operation and structures; 3.6.2.1. Surface phenomena: optical reflection, charge mobility and current leakage; 3.6.2.2. Absorption and conduction: semiconductor junctions; 3.6.3. Responsivity, response time, junction capacity and dark current; 3.6.4. Photomultipliers and semiconductor avalanche photodiodes; Chapter 4. Line of Sight Propagation; 4.1. Influence of the propagation environment; 4.1.1. Atmospheric absorption; 4.1.2. Atmospheric scattering
4.1.3. Extinction and total spectral transmission4.1.4. Earth's atmosphere; 4.1.4.1. Atmospheric composition; 4.1.4.2. Aerosols; 4.2. Visibility; 4.2.1. Generalities; 4.2.1.1. Definitions; 4.2.1.2. Units and scales; 4.2.1.3. Meteorology needs; 4.2.1.4. Measurement methods; 4.2.2. Visual estimate of the meteorological optical range; 4.2.2.1. General; 4.2.2.2. Estimate of the day time meteorological optical range; 4.2.2.3. Estimate of the night time meteorological optical range; 4.2.2.4. Estimate of the meteorological optical range in the absence of distant reference markers
4.2.3. Meteorological optical range measurement instruments
Record Nr. UNINA-9910143310603321
London ; ; Newport Beach, CA, : ISTE, 2006
Materiale a stampa
Lo trovi qui: Univ. Federico II
Opac: Controlla la disponibilità qui
Free-space optics [[electronic resource] ] : propagation and communication / / Olivier Bouchet ... [et al.]
Free-space optics [[electronic resource] ] : propagation and communication / / Olivier Bouchet ... [et al.]
Pubbl/distr/stampa London ; ; Newport Beach, CA, : ISTE, 2006
Descrizione fisica 1 online resource (221 p.)
Disciplina 621.36
621.382/7
621.3827
Altri autori (Persone) BouchetOlivier
Collana ISTE
Soggetto topico Free space optical interconnects
Optical communications
ISBN 1-280-51054-4
9786610510542
1-84704-452-2
0-470-61209-6
0-470-39441-2
1-84704-552-9
Formato Materiale a stampa
Livello bibliografico Monografia
Lingua di pubblicazione eng
Nota di contenuto Free-Space Optics; Table of Contents; Introduction; Chapter 1. History of Optical Telecommunications; 1.1. Some definitions; 1.1.1. Telecommunication; 1.1.2. Optical transmission; 1.1.3. Radio or Hertzian waves; 1.2. The prehistory of telecommunications; 1.3. The optical air telegraph; 1.4. The code; 1.5. The optical telegraph; 1.6. The heliograph or solar telegraph: a portable telecommunication system; 1.7. Alexander Graham Bell's photophone; Chapter 2. Basic Principles of Electromagnetism; 2.1. Introduction; 2.2. Maxwell's equations in an unspecified medium
2.3. Propagation of electromagnetic waves in an isotropic and linear homogeneous medium2.4. Energy associated with a wave; 2.5. Propagation of a wave in a non-homogeneous medium; 2.6. Coherent and incoherent waves; 2.7. Relations between classical electromagnetism and geometrical optics; 2.8. The electromagnetic spectrum; 2.9. Units and scales; 2.10. Examples of sources in the visible light and near visible light; 2.11. Conclusion; Chapter 3. Emission and Reception of Optical Beams; 3.1. Foreword; 3.2. Introduction; 3.3. Radiometry: basic concepts
3.4. Optical spectral windows, materials and eye-safety3.5. Transmitters; 3.5.1. Broad spectrum incoherent light emitting diodes; 3.5.1.1. Structures; 3.5.1.2. Near and far field patterns; 3.5.1.3. Spectral characteristics; 3.5.1.4. Electrical and optical characteristics; 3.5.2. Laser diodes: high radiant power output, coherent waves; 3.5.2.1. Structures; 3.5.2.2. "(Φtransmitted )/(Iinjected) characteristic": static and dynamic; 3.5.2.3. Spectra and near field patterns; 3.5.2.4. Spectral and modal instabilities and light intensity noise
3.5.3. Use of amplifiers with "rare earth ion" doped fibers3.6. Photodetectors; 3.6.1. Optical spectral range and materials; 3.6.2. Principle of operation and structures; 3.6.2.1. Surface phenomena: optical reflection, charge mobility and current leakage; 3.6.2.2. Absorption and conduction: semiconductor junctions; 3.6.3. Responsivity, response time, junction capacity and dark current; 3.6.4. Photomultipliers and semiconductor avalanche photodiodes; Chapter 4. Line of Sight Propagation; 4.1. Influence of the propagation environment; 4.1.1. Atmospheric absorption; 4.1.2. Atmospheric scattering
4.1.3. Extinction and total spectral transmission4.1.4. Earth's atmosphere; 4.1.4.1. Atmospheric composition; 4.1.4.2. Aerosols; 4.2. Visibility; 4.2.1. Generalities; 4.2.1.1. Definitions; 4.2.1.2. Units and scales; 4.2.1.3. Meteorology needs; 4.2.1.4. Measurement methods; 4.2.2. Visual estimate of the meteorological optical range; 4.2.2.1. General; 4.2.2.2. Estimate of the day time meteorological optical range; 4.2.2.3. Estimate of the night time meteorological optical range; 4.2.2.4. Estimate of the meteorological optical range in the absence of distant reference markers
4.2.3. Meteorological optical range measurement instruments
Record Nr. UNISA-996217137103316
London ; ; Newport Beach, CA, : ISTE, 2006
Materiale a stampa
Lo trovi qui: Univ. di Salerno
Opac: Controlla la disponibilità qui
Free-space optics [[electronic resource] ] : propagation and communication / / Olivier Bouchet ... [et al.]
Free-space optics [[electronic resource] ] : propagation and communication / / Olivier Bouchet ... [et al.]
Pubbl/distr/stampa London ; ; Newport Beach, CA, : ISTE, 2006
Descrizione fisica 1 online resource (221 p.)
Disciplina 621.36
621.382/7
621.3827
Altri autori (Persone) BouchetOlivier
Collana ISTE
Soggetto topico Free space optical interconnects
Optical communications
ISBN 1-280-51054-4
9786610510542
1-84704-452-2
0-470-61209-6
0-470-39441-2
1-84704-552-9
Formato Materiale a stampa
Livello bibliografico Monografia
Lingua di pubblicazione eng
Nota di contenuto Free-Space Optics; Table of Contents; Introduction; Chapter 1. History of Optical Telecommunications; 1.1. Some definitions; 1.1.1. Telecommunication; 1.1.2. Optical transmission; 1.1.3. Radio or Hertzian waves; 1.2. The prehistory of telecommunications; 1.3. The optical air telegraph; 1.4. The code; 1.5. The optical telegraph; 1.6. The heliograph or solar telegraph: a portable telecommunication system; 1.7. Alexander Graham Bell's photophone; Chapter 2. Basic Principles of Electromagnetism; 2.1. Introduction; 2.2. Maxwell's equations in an unspecified medium
2.3. Propagation of electromagnetic waves in an isotropic and linear homogeneous medium2.4. Energy associated with a wave; 2.5. Propagation of a wave in a non-homogeneous medium; 2.6. Coherent and incoherent waves; 2.7. Relations between classical electromagnetism and geometrical optics; 2.8. The electromagnetic spectrum; 2.9. Units and scales; 2.10. Examples of sources in the visible light and near visible light; 2.11. Conclusion; Chapter 3. Emission and Reception of Optical Beams; 3.1. Foreword; 3.2. Introduction; 3.3. Radiometry: basic concepts
3.4. Optical spectral windows, materials and eye-safety3.5. Transmitters; 3.5.1. Broad spectrum incoherent light emitting diodes; 3.5.1.1. Structures; 3.5.1.2. Near and far field patterns; 3.5.1.3. Spectral characteristics; 3.5.1.4. Electrical and optical characteristics; 3.5.2. Laser diodes: high radiant power output, coherent waves; 3.5.2.1. Structures; 3.5.2.2. "(Φtransmitted )/(Iinjected) characteristic": static and dynamic; 3.5.2.3. Spectra and near field patterns; 3.5.2.4. Spectral and modal instabilities and light intensity noise
3.5.3. Use of amplifiers with "rare earth ion" doped fibers3.6. Photodetectors; 3.6.1. Optical spectral range and materials; 3.6.2. Principle of operation and structures; 3.6.2.1. Surface phenomena: optical reflection, charge mobility and current leakage; 3.6.2.2. Absorption and conduction: semiconductor junctions; 3.6.3. Responsivity, response time, junction capacity and dark current; 3.6.4. Photomultipliers and semiconductor avalanche photodiodes; Chapter 4. Line of Sight Propagation; 4.1. Influence of the propagation environment; 4.1.1. Atmospheric absorption; 4.1.2. Atmospheric scattering
4.1.3. Extinction and total spectral transmission4.1.4. Earth's atmosphere; 4.1.4.1. Atmospheric composition; 4.1.4.2. Aerosols; 4.2. Visibility; 4.2.1. Generalities; 4.2.1.1. Definitions; 4.2.1.2. Units and scales; 4.2.1.3. Meteorology needs; 4.2.1.4. Measurement methods; 4.2.2. Visual estimate of the meteorological optical range; 4.2.2.1. General; 4.2.2.2. Estimate of the day time meteorological optical range; 4.2.2.3. Estimate of the night time meteorological optical range; 4.2.2.4. Estimate of the meteorological optical range in the absence of distant reference markers
4.2.3. Meteorological optical range measurement instruments
Record Nr. UNINA-9910830129903321
London ; ; Newport Beach, CA, : ISTE, 2006
Materiale a stampa
Lo trovi qui: Univ. Federico II
Opac: Controlla la disponibilità qui
Free-space optics [[electronic resource] ] : propagation and communication / / Olivier Bouchet ... [et al.]
Free-space optics [[electronic resource] ] : propagation and communication / / Olivier Bouchet ... [et al.]
Pubbl/distr/stampa London ; ; Newport Beach, CA, : ISTE, 2006
Descrizione fisica 1 online resource (221 p.)
Disciplina 621.36
621.382/7
621.3827
Altri autori (Persone) BouchetOlivier
Collana ISTE
Soggetto topico Free space optical interconnects
Optical communications
ISBN 1-280-51054-4
9786610510542
1-84704-452-2
0-470-61209-6
0-470-39441-2
1-84704-552-9
Formato Materiale a stampa
Livello bibliografico Monografia
Lingua di pubblicazione eng
Nota di contenuto Free-Space Optics; Table of Contents; Introduction; Chapter 1. History of Optical Telecommunications; 1.1. Some definitions; 1.1.1. Telecommunication; 1.1.2. Optical transmission; 1.1.3. Radio or Hertzian waves; 1.2. The prehistory of telecommunications; 1.3. The optical air telegraph; 1.4. The code; 1.5. The optical telegraph; 1.6. The heliograph or solar telegraph: a portable telecommunication system; 1.7. Alexander Graham Bell's photophone; Chapter 2. Basic Principles of Electromagnetism; 2.1. Introduction; 2.2. Maxwell's equations in an unspecified medium
2.3. Propagation of electromagnetic waves in an isotropic and linear homogeneous medium2.4. Energy associated with a wave; 2.5. Propagation of a wave in a non-homogeneous medium; 2.6. Coherent and incoherent waves; 2.7. Relations between classical electromagnetism and geometrical optics; 2.8. The electromagnetic spectrum; 2.9. Units and scales; 2.10. Examples of sources in the visible light and near visible light; 2.11. Conclusion; Chapter 3. Emission and Reception of Optical Beams; 3.1. Foreword; 3.2. Introduction; 3.3. Radiometry: basic concepts
3.4. Optical spectral windows, materials and eye-safety3.5. Transmitters; 3.5.1. Broad spectrum incoherent light emitting diodes; 3.5.1.1. Structures; 3.5.1.2. Near and far field patterns; 3.5.1.3. Spectral characteristics; 3.5.1.4. Electrical and optical characteristics; 3.5.2. Laser diodes: high radiant power output, coherent waves; 3.5.2.1. Structures; 3.5.2.2. "(Φtransmitted )/(Iinjected) characteristic": static and dynamic; 3.5.2.3. Spectra and near field patterns; 3.5.2.4. Spectral and modal instabilities and light intensity noise
3.5.3. Use of amplifiers with "rare earth ion" doped fibers3.6. Photodetectors; 3.6.1. Optical spectral range and materials; 3.6.2. Principle of operation and structures; 3.6.2.1. Surface phenomena: optical reflection, charge mobility and current leakage; 3.6.2.2. Absorption and conduction: semiconductor junctions; 3.6.3. Responsivity, response time, junction capacity and dark current; 3.6.4. Photomultipliers and semiconductor avalanche photodiodes; Chapter 4. Line of Sight Propagation; 4.1. Influence of the propagation environment; 4.1.1. Atmospheric absorption; 4.1.2. Atmospheric scattering
4.1.3. Extinction and total spectral transmission4.1.4. Earth's atmosphere; 4.1.4.1. Atmospheric composition; 4.1.4.2. Aerosols; 4.2. Visibility; 4.2.1. Generalities; 4.2.1.1. Definitions; 4.2.1.2. Units and scales; 4.2.1.3. Meteorology needs; 4.2.1.4. Measurement methods; 4.2.2. Visual estimate of the meteorological optical range; 4.2.2.1. General; 4.2.2.2. Estimate of the day time meteorological optical range; 4.2.2.3. Estimate of the night time meteorological optical range; 4.2.2.4. Estimate of the meteorological optical range in the absence of distant reference markers
4.2.3. Meteorological optical range measurement instruments
Record Nr. UNINA-9910840659203321
London ; ; Newport Beach, CA, : ISTE, 2006
Materiale a stampa
Lo trovi qui: Univ. Federico II
Opac: Controlla la disponibilità qui