Enlarging the Euro area [[electronic resource] ] : external empowerment and domestic transformation in East Central Europe / / edited by Kenneth Dyson
| Enlarging the Euro area [[electronic resource] ] : external empowerment and domestic transformation in East Central Europe / / edited by Kenneth Dyson |
| Pubbl/distr/stampa | Oxford ; ; New York, : Oxford University Press, 2006 |
| Descrizione fisica | 1 online resource (395 p.) |
| Disciplina | 337.1/42 |
| Altri autori (Persone) | DysonKenneth H. F |
| Soggetto topico | Euro area |
| Soggetto genere / forma | Electronic books. |
| ISBN |
1-280-75536-9
0-19-151542-6 1-4294-6010-5 |
| Formato | Materiale a stampa |
| Livello bibliografico | Monografia |
| Lingua di pubblicazione | eng |
| Nota di contenuto | Euro entry as defining and negotiating fit : conditionality, contagion, and domestic politics / Kenneth Dyson. Pt. 1. European and global contexts. EMU and the new member states : strategic choices in the context of global norms / Jim Rollo -- Real convergence and EMU enlargement : the time dimension of fit with the Euro Area / Iain Begg -- Economic adjustment and the euro in new member states : the structural dimension of fit / Erik Jones -- Optimal economic governance in an enlarged European Union : scenarios and options / Ingo Linsenmann and Wolfgang Wessels -- Pt. II. Domestic political and policy contexts. The Baltic States : using pacesetting on EMU accession to consolidate domestic stability culture / Magnus Feldmann -- From laggard to pacesetter : Bulgaria's road to EMU / Vesselin Dimitrov -- From pacesetter to laggard : the political economy of negotiating fit in the Czech Republic / Frank Bönker -- The first shall be the last? Hungarys road to EMU / Béla Greskovits -- Poland : unbalanced domestic leadership in negotiating fit / Radoslaw Zubek --.Persistent laggard : Romania as Eastern Europe's Sisyphus / Dimitris Papadimitriou. Pt. III. Patterns of sectoral governance. Financial market governance : evolution and convergence / Piroska Mohácsi Nagy -- EMU and fiscal policy / Vesselin Dimitrov -- EMU and welfare state adjustment in Central and Eastern Europe / Martin Rhodes and Maarten Keune -- Domestic transformation, strategic options and 'soft' power in Euro Area accession / Kenneth Dyson. |
| Record Nr. | UNINA-9910450800303321 |
| Oxford ; ; New York, : Oxford University Press, 2006 | ||
| Lo trovi qui: Univ. Federico II | ||
| ||
Enlarging the Euro area [[electronic resource] ] : external empowerment and domestic transformation in East Central Europe / / edited by Kenneth Dyson
| Enlarging the Euro area [[electronic resource] ] : external empowerment and domestic transformation in East Central Europe / / edited by Kenneth Dyson |
| Pubbl/distr/stampa | Oxford ; ; New York, : Oxford University Press, 2006 |
| Descrizione fisica | 1 online resource (395 p.) |
| Disciplina | 337.1/42 |
| Altri autori (Persone) | DysonKenneth H. F |
| Soggetto topico | Euro area |
| ISBN |
1-383-04221-7
1-280-75536-9 0-19-151542-6 1-4294-6010-5 |
| Formato | Materiale a stampa |
| Livello bibliografico | Monografia |
| Lingua di pubblicazione | eng |
| Nota di contenuto | Euro entry as defining and negotiating fit : conditionality, contagion, and domestic politics / Kenneth Dyson. Pt. 1. European and global contexts. EMU and the new member states : strategic choices in the context of global norms / Jim Rollo -- Real convergence and EMU enlargement : the time dimension of fit with the Euro Area / Iain Begg -- Economic adjustment and the euro in new member states : the structural dimension of fit / Erik Jones -- Optimal economic governance in an enlarged European Union : scenarios and options / Ingo Linsenmann and Wolfgang Wessels -- Pt. II. Domestic political and policy contexts. The Baltic States : using pacesetting on EMU accession to consolidate domestic stability culture / Magnus Feldmann -- From laggard to pacesetter : Bulgaria's road to EMU / Vesselin Dimitrov -- From pacesetter to laggard : the political economy of negotiating fit in the Czech Republic / Frank Bönker -- The first shall be the last? Hungarys road to EMU / Béla Greskovits -- Poland : unbalanced domestic leadership in negotiating fit / Radoslaw Zubek --.Persistent laggard : Romania as Eastern Europe's Sisyphus / Dimitris Papadimitriou. Pt. III. Patterns of sectoral governance. Financial market governance : evolution and convergence / Piroska Mohácsi Nagy -- EMU and fiscal policy / Vesselin Dimitrov -- EMU and welfare state adjustment in Central and Eastern Europe / Martin Rhodes and Maarten Keune -- Domestic transformation, strategic options and 'soft' power in Euro Area accession / Kenneth Dyson. |
| Record Nr. | UNINA-9910784714803321 |
| Oxford ; ; New York, : Oxford University Press, 2006 | ||
| Lo trovi qui: Univ. Federico II | ||
| ||
The Euro at 10 [[electronic resource] ] : Europeanization, power, and convergence / / edited by Kenneth Dyson
| The Euro at 10 [[electronic resource] ] : Europeanization, power, and convergence / / edited by Kenneth Dyson |
| Pubbl/distr/stampa | Oxford ; ; New York, : Oxford University Press, 2008 |
| Descrizione fisica | 1 online resource (495 p.) |
| Disciplina | 332.4/94 |
| Altri autori (Persone) | DysonKenneth H. F |
| Soggetto topico |
Euro
Euro area |
| Soggetto genere / forma | Electronic books. |
| ISBN |
1-281-85247-3
9786611852474 0-19-154917-7 |
| Formato | Materiale a stampa |
| Livello bibliografico | Monografia |
| Lingua di pubblicazione | eng |
| Nota di contenuto | Contents; List of Figures; List of Tables; Notes on Contributors; 1. The First Decade: Credibility, Identity, and Institutional 'Fuzziness'; Part I. European and Global Contexts and Challenges; Part II. Domestic Political and Policy Contexts in Euro Area Member States; Part III. Domestic Political and Policy Contexts in Euro Area 'Outsiders'; Part IV. Sectors, States, and EMU; References; Index |
| Record Nr. | UNINA-9910454150603321 |
| Oxford ; ; New York, : Oxford University Press, 2008 | ||
| Lo trovi qui: Univ. Federico II | ||
| ||
The Euro at 10 [[electronic resource] ] : Europeanization, power, and convergence / / edited by Kenneth Dyson
| The Euro at 10 [[electronic resource] ] : Europeanization, power, and convergence / / edited by Kenneth Dyson |
| Pubbl/distr/stampa | Oxford ; ; New York, : Oxford University Press, 2008 |
| Descrizione fisica | 1 online resource (495 p.) |
| Disciplina | 332.4/94 |
| Altri autori (Persone) | DysonKenneth H. F |
| Soggetto topico |
Euro
Euro area |
| ISBN |
1-383-03481-8
1-281-85247-3 9786611852474 0-19-154917-7 |
| Formato | Materiale a stampa |
| Livello bibliografico | Monografia |
| Lingua di pubblicazione | eng |
| Nota di contenuto | Contents; List of Figures; List of Tables; Notes on Contributors; 1. The First Decade: Credibility, Identity, and Institutional 'Fuzziness'; Part I. European and Global Contexts and Challenges; Part II. Domestic Political and Policy Contexts in Euro Area Member States; Part III. Domestic Political and Policy Contexts in Euro Area 'Outsiders'; Part IV. Sectors, States, and EMU; References; Index |
| Record Nr. | UNINA-9910782659503321 |
| Oxford ; ; New York, : Oxford University Press, 2008 | ||
| Lo trovi qui: Univ. Federico II | ||
| ||
From subprime loans to subprime growth? [[electronic resource] ] : evidence for the Euro Area / / Martin Cihák and Petya Koeva Brooks
| From subprime loans to subprime growth? [[electronic resource] ] : evidence for the Euro Area / / Martin Cihák and Petya Koeva Brooks |
| Autore | Čihák Martin |
| Pubbl/distr/stampa | [Washington, D.C.], : International Monetary Fund, 2009 |
| Descrizione fisica | 1 online resource (37 p.) |
| Altri autori (Persone) | KoevaPetya |
| Collana | IMF working paper |
| Soggetto topico |
Euro area
Global Financial Crisis, 2008-2009 |
| Soggetto genere / forma | Electronic books. |
| ISBN |
1-4623-1844-4
1-4527-6621-5 9786612842900 1-4518-7216-X 1-282-84290-0 |
| Formato | Materiale a stampa |
| Livello bibliografico | Monografia |
| Lingua di pubblicazione | eng |
| Nota di contenuto |
Contents; I. Introduction; II. Empirical Evidence; A. Linkages Between Bank Characteristics and Lending Behavior; B. Linkages Between Bank Loan Supply and Aggregate Output; C. Linkages Between Corporate Financing Conditions and Economic Activity; D. Risk Transfers Between Banks and Other Sectors: Contingent Claims Analysis ..; III. Quantitative Implications; IV. Conclusions; Figures; 1. Euro Area: Money Market and Retail Lending Rates, 2003-08; 2. Euro Area: Changes in Credit Standards to Enterprises and Households, 2005-08; 3. Euro Area: Corporate and Equity Market Prices, 2007-08
4. Euro Area: Growth in Bank Loans and Securities Issuance, 2003-085. Euro Area: Distance to Default for Banks, 1991-2008; 6. Euro Area: Excess Demand for Loans, 1997-2008; 7. Euro Area: Growth in Real Output and Bank Loans, 2000-08; 8. Euro Area: Corporate Debt Issuance, 1990-2008; 9. Euro Area: Response of Annual Growth in Industrial Production to One Standard Deviation Innovation in Corporate Spread; 10. Euro Area: Estimated Default Probability (Banks and Non-Banks),1991-2008; Tables; 1. Demand and Supply in the Disequilibrium Model, 1997-2007 11. Euro Area: Estimated Default Probability (Public Sector), 1997-200812. Capitalization in Euro Area Banks, 1997-2008; 2. OLS Regression of Output on Loans; 3. First Stage IV Regression: Loans on Money Demand Shocks; 4. Second Stage IV Regression of Output on Loans; Appendixes; I. Calculating the Distance to Default; II. Identifying the Linkage Between Bank Loan Supply and Aggregate Output; III. Contingent Claims Analysis: A Primer; References |
| Record Nr. | UNINA-9910464069703321 |
Čihák Martin
|
||
| [Washington, D.C.], : International Monetary Fund, 2009 | ||
| Lo trovi qui: Univ. Federico II | ||
| ||
From Subprime Loans to Subprime Growth? Evidence for the Euro Area / / Martin Cihak, Petya Brooks
| From Subprime Loans to Subprime Growth? Evidence for the Euro Area / / Martin Cihak, Petya Brooks |
| Autore | Cihak Martin |
| Pubbl/distr/stampa | Washington, D.C. : , : International Monetary Fund, , 2009 |
| Descrizione fisica | 1 online resource (37 p.) |
| Altri autori (Persone) | BrooksPetya |
| Collana | IMF Working Papers |
| Soggetto topico |
Euro area
Global Financial Crisis, 2008-2009 Banks and Banking Investments: Bonds Money and Monetary Policy Industries: Financial Services Financial Markets and the Macroeconomy Banks Depository Institutions Micro Finance Institutions Mortgages Monetary Policy, Central Banking, and the Supply of Money and Credit: General General Financial Markets: General (includes Measurement and Data) Demand for Money Monetary economics Banking Investment & securities Finance Bank credit Credit Corporate bonds Loans Money Financial institutions Demand for money Banks and banking Bonds |
| ISBN |
1-4623-1844-4
1-4527-6621-5 9786612842900 1-4518-7216-X 1-282-84290-0 |
| Formato | Materiale a stampa |
| Livello bibliografico | Monografia |
| Lingua di pubblicazione | eng |
| Nota di contenuto |
Contents; I. Introduction; II. Empirical Evidence; A. Linkages Between Bank Characteristics and Lending Behavior; B. Linkages Between Bank Loan Supply and Aggregate Output; C. Linkages Between Corporate Financing Conditions and Economic Activity; D. Risk Transfers Between Banks and Other Sectors: Contingent Claims Analysis ..; III. Quantitative Implications; IV. Conclusions; Figures; 1. Euro Area: Money Market and Retail Lending Rates, 2003-08; 2. Euro Area: Changes in Credit Standards to Enterprises and Households, 2005-08; 3. Euro Area: Corporate and Equity Market Prices, 2007-08
4. Euro Area: Growth in Bank Loans and Securities Issuance, 2003-085. Euro Area: Distance to Default for Banks, 1991-2008; 6. Euro Area: Excess Demand for Loans, 1997-2008; 7. Euro Area: Growth in Real Output and Bank Loans, 2000-08; 8. Euro Area: Corporate Debt Issuance, 1990-2008; 9. Euro Area: Response of Annual Growth in Industrial Production to One Standard Deviation Innovation in Corporate Spread; 10. Euro Area: Estimated Default Probability (Banks and Non-Banks),1991-2008; Tables; 1. Demand and Supply in the Disequilibrium Model, 1997-2007 11. Euro Area: Estimated Default Probability (Public Sector), 1997-200812. Capitalization in Euro Area Banks, 1997-2008; 2. OLS Regression of Output on Loans; 3. First Stage IV Regression: Loans on Money Demand Shocks; 4. Second Stage IV Regression of Output on Loans; Appendixes; I. Calculating the Distance to Default; II. Identifying the Linkage Between Bank Loan Supply and Aggregate Output; III. Contingent Claims Analysis: A Primer; References |
| Record Nr. | UNINA-9910788337803321 |
Cihak Martin
|
||
| Washington, D.C. : , : International Monetary Fund, , 2009 | ||
| Lo trovi qui: Univ. Federico II | ||
| ||
Government debt issuance in the Euro area [[electronic resource] ] : the impact of the financial crisis / / Mark De Broeck and Anastasia Guscina
| Government debt issuance in the Euro area [[electronic resource] ] : the impact of the financial crisis / / Mark De Broeck and Anastasia Guscina |
| Autore | Broeck Mark de |
| Pubbl/distr/stampa | [Washington, D.C.], : International Monetary Fund, 2011 |
| Descrizione fisica | 1 online resource (42 p.) |
| Altri autori (Persone) | GuscinaAnastasia |
| Collana | IMF working paper |
| Soggetto topico |
State bonds - European Union countries
Debts, Public - European Union countries Global Financial Crisis, 2008-2009 Euro area |
| Soggetto genere / forma | Electronic books. |
| ISBN |
1-4623-1435-X
1-4552-9019-X 1-283-55406-2 9786613866516 1-4552-1253-9 |
| Formato | Materiale a stampa |
| Livello bibliografico | Monografia |
| Lingua di pubblicazione | eng |
| Nota di contenuto |
Cover Page; Title Page; Copyright Page; Contents; I. Introduction; II. Database and Stylized Facts; A. Database; B. Stylized Facts; 1. Changes in the Structure of Sovereign Borrowing; III. Econometric Analysis and Results; A. Determinants of Total Issuance; 2A. Determinants of Total Debt Issuance; 2B. Determinants of Total Debt Issuance-Exploring Heterogeneity; B. Determinants of Issuance Composition; 3A. Determinants of Auction Share in Total Issuance-Censored Tobit Estimation; 3B. Determinants of Auction Share in Total Issuance-Exploring Heterogeneity
4A. Determinants of DLTF Issuance-Censored Tobit Estimation4B. Determinants of DLTF Issuance-Exploring Heterogeneity; IV. Conclusion; A1. Changes in Total Debt Issuance; A2. Changes in Number of Issues; A3. Changes in Average Size of Issue; A4. Variable Definitions and Sources; Determinants of Total Debt Issuance-Estimated in Levels; References; Footnotes |
| Record Nr. | UNINA-9910451839503321 |
Broeck Mark de
|
||
| [Washington, D.C.], : International Monetary Fund, 2011 | ||
| Lo trovi qui: Univ. Federico II | ||
| ||
Government Debt Issuance in the Euro Area : : The Impact of the Financial Crisis
| Government Debt Issuance in the Euro Area : : The Impact of the Financial Crisis |
| Pubbl/distr/stampa | Washington, D.C. : , : International Monetary Fund, , 2011 |
| Descrizione fisica | 1 online resource (42 p.) |
| Collana |
IMF Working Papers
IMF working paper |
| Soggetto topico |
State bonds - European Union countries
Debts, Public - European Union countries Global Financial Crisis, 2008-2009 Euro area Financial Risk Management Inflation Money and Monetary Policy Public Finance Industries: General Truncated and Censored Models Switching Regression Models Threshold Regression Models 'Panel Data Models Spatio-temporal Models' International Lending and Debt Problems International Finance: Other International Financial Markets Fiscal Policies and Behavior of Economic Agents: General Debt Debt Management Sovereign Debt Price Level Deflation Financial Crises Monetary Systems Standards Regimes Government and the Monetary System Payment Systems Macroeconomics: Production Macroeconomics Public finance & taxation Economic & financial crises & disasters Monetary economics Public debt Financial crises Currencies Industrial production Prices Money Production Debts, Public Industries |
| ISBN |
1-4623-1435-X
1-4552-9019-X 1-283-55406-2 9786613866516 1-4552-1253-9 |
| Formato | Materiale a stampa |
| Livello bibliografico | Monografia |
| Lingua di pubblicazione | eng |
| Nota di contenuto |
Cover Page; Title Page; Copyright Page; Contents; I. Introduction; II. Database and Stylized Facts; A. Database; B. Stylized Facts; 1. Changes in the Structure of Sovereign Borrowing; III. Econometric Analysis and Results; A. Determinants of Total Issuance; 2A. Determinants of Total Debt Issuance; 2B. Determinants of Total Debt Issuance-Exploring Heterogeneity; B. Determinants of Issuance Composition; 3A. Determinants of Auction Share in Total Issuance-Censored Tobit Estimation; 3B. Determinants of Auction Share in Total Issuance-Exploring Heterogeneity
4A. Determinants of DLTF Issuance-Censored Tobit Estimation4B. Determinants of DLTF Issuance-Exploring Heterogeneity; IV. Conclusion; A1. Changes in Total Debt Issuance; A2. Changes in Number of Issues; A3. Changes in Average Size of Issue; A4. Variable Definitions and Sources; Determinants of Total Debt Issuance-Estimated in Levels; References; Footnotes |
| Record Nr. | UNINA-9910779266403321 |
| Washington, D.C. : , : International Monetary Fund, , 2011 | ||
| Lo trovi qui: Univ. Federico II | ||
| ||
Introduction of the euro and the monetary policy of the European Central Bank [[electronic resource] /] / Shigeyuki Hamori, Naoko Hamori
| Introduction of the euro and the monetary policy of the European Central Bank [[electronic resource] /] / Shigeyuki Hamori, Naoko Hamori |
| Autore | Hamori Shigeyuki <1959-> |
| Pubbl/distr/stampa | Singapore ; ; Hackensack, NJ, : World Scientific Pub. Co., c2010 |
| Descrizione fisica | 1 online resource (xx, 199 p. ) : ill |
| Disciplina | 339.5/3094 |
| Altri autori (Persone) | HamoriNaoko |
| Soggetto topico |
Monetary policy - European Union countries
Euro area |
| Soggetto genere / forma | Electronic books. |
| ISBN |
1-282-75760-1
9786612757600 981-283-843-0 |
| Formato | Materiale a stampa |
| Livello bibliografico | Monografia |
| Lingua di pubblicazione | eng |
| Nota di contenuto | 1. History of the EU Monetary Union. 1.1. Introduction. 1.2. Various experiments toward achieving the Monetary Union. 1.3. Contents of the Monetary Union. 1.4. EMI roles. 1.5. Decision process on state participation in the Monetary Union. 1.6. General overview -- 2. Empirical analysis of the money demand function in the Euro area. 2.1. Introduction. 2.2. Model. 2.3. Aggregate data analysis. 2.4. Panel data analysis. 2.5. Some concluding remarks -- 3. Monetary policy rule of the European Central Bank. 3.1. Introduction. 3.2. The Taylor rule. 3.3. Data. 3.4. Empirical results. 3.5. Some concluding remarks -- 4. Empirical analysis of the term structure of interest rates in the presence of cross-section dependence. 4.1. Introduction. 4.2. Model. 4.3. Data. 4.4. Empirical results. 4.5. Some concluding remarks -- 5. Are budget deficits sustainable in the Euro area? 5.1. Introduction. 5.2. Model. 5.3. Data. 5.4. Empirical results. 5.5. Some concluding remarks -- 6. Yield spread and output growth in the Euro area. 6.1. Introduction. 6.2. Models. 6.3. Aggregate data analysis. 6.4. Panel data analysis. 6.5. Some concluding remarks -- 7. International capital flows and the Feldstein-Horioka paradox. 7.1. Introduction. 7.2. Data. 7.3. Empirical model. 7.4. Empirical results. 7.5. Sub-sample analysis. 7.6. Some concluding remarks -- 8. Nominal and real exchange rate fluctuations : Euro, US dollar, and Japanese yen. 8.1. Introduction. 8.2. Data. 8.3. Bivarate system. 8.4. Trivariate system. 8.5. Some concluding remarks -- 9. Euro area enlargement. 9.1. Introduction. 9.2. Existing EU member state group. 9.3. Accession countries. 9.4. EMU participants. 9.5. ERM II participants. 9.6. Countries that are not ERM II participants. 9.7. Outlook for the future. |
| Record Nr. | UNINA-9910455599503321 |
Hamori Shigeyuki <1959->
|
||
| Singapore ; ; Hackensack, NJ, : World Scientific Pub. Co., c2010 | ||
| Lo trovi qui: Univ. Federico II | ||
| ||
Introduction of the euro and the monetary policy of the European Central Bank [[electronic resource] /] / Shigeyuki Hamori, Naoko Hamori
| Introduction of the euro and the monetary policy of the European Central Bank [[electronic resource] /] / Shigeyuki Hamori, Naoko Hamori |
| Autore | Hamori Shigeyuki <1959-> |
| Pubbl/distr/stampa | Singapore ; ; Hackensack, NJ, : World Scientific Pub. Co., c2010 |
| Descrizione fisica | 1 online resource (xx, 199 p. ) : ill |
| Disciplina | 339.5/3094 |
| Altri autori (Persone) | HamoriNaoko |
| Soggetto topico |
Monetary policy - European Union countries
Euro area |
| ISBN |
1-282-75760-1
9786612757600 981-283-843-0 |
| Formato | Materiale a stampa |
| Livello bibliografico | Monografia |
| Lingua di pubblicazione | eng |
| Nota di contenuto | 1. History of the EU Monetary Union. 1.1. Introduction. 1.2. Various experiments toward achieving the Monetary Union. 1.3. Contents of the Monetary Union. 1.4. EMI roles. 1.5. Decision process on state participation in the Monetary Union. 1.6. General overview -- 2. Empirical analysis of the money demand function in the Euro area. 2.1. Introduction. 2.2. Model. 2.3. Aggregate data analysis. 2.4. Panel data analysis. 2.5. Some concluding remarks -- 3. Monetary policy rule of the European Central Bank. 3.1. Introduction. 3.2. The Taylor rule. 3.3. Data. 3.4. Empirical results. 3.5. Some concluding remarks -- 4. Empirical analysis of the term structure of interest rates in the presence of cross-section dependence. 4.1. Introduction. 4.2. Model. 4.3. Data. 4.4. Empirical results. 4.5. Some concluding remarks -- 5. Are budget deficits sustainable in the Euro area? 5.1. Introduction. 5.2. Model. 5.3. Data. 5.4. Empirical results. 5.5. Some concluding remarks -- 6. Yield spread and output growth in the Euro area. 6.1. Introduction. 6.2. Models. 6.3. Aggregate data analysis. 6.4. Panel data analysis. 6.5. Some concluding remarks -- 7. International capital flows and the Feldstein-Horioka paradox. 7.1. Introduction. 7.2. Data. 7.3. Empirical model. 7.4. Empirical results. 7.5. Sub-sample analysis. 7.6. Some concluding remarks -- 8. Nominal and real exchange rate fluctuations : Euro, US dollar, and Japanese yen. 8.1. Introduction. 8.2. Data. 8.3. Bivarate system. 8.4. Trivariate system. 8.5. Some concluding remarks -- 9. Euro area enlargement. 9.1. Introduction. 9.2. Existing EU member state group. 9.3. Accession countries. 9.4. EMU participants. 9.5. ERM II participants. 9.6. Countries that are not ERM II participants. 9.7. Outlook for the future. |
| Record Nr. | UNINA-9910780895203321 |
Hamori Shigeyuki <1959->
|
||
| Singapore ; ; Hackensack, NJ, : World Scientific Pub. Co., c2010 | ||
| Lo trovi qui: Univ. Federico II | ||
| ||