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Inequality and economic development in Brazil [[electronic resource]]
| Inequality and economic development in Brazil [[electronic resource]] |
| Pubbl/distr/stampa | Washington, D.C., : World Bank, 2004 |
| Descrizione fisica | xxii, 281 p |
| Disciplina | 339.2/2/0981 |
| Collana | A World Bank country study |
| Soggetto topico |
Income distribution - Brazil
Equality - Brazil |
| Soggetto genere / forma | Electronic books. |
| ISBN |
1-280-04188-9
9786610041886 1-4175-4355-8 |
| Formato | Materiale a stampa  |
| Livello bibliografico | Monografia |
| Lingua di pubblicazione | eng |
| Record Nr. | UNINA-9910455703903321 |
| Washington, D.C., : World Bank, 2004 | ||
| Materiale a stampa | ||
| Lo trovi qui: Univ. Federico II | ||
| ||
Inequality and economic development in Brazil
| Inequality and economic development in Brazil |
| Pubbl/distr/stampa | Washington, D.C. : , : World Bank, , c2004 |
| Descrizione fisica | xxii, 281 pages : illustrations ; ; 26 cm |
| Disciplina | 339.2/2/0981 |
| Collana | A World Bank country study |
| Soggetto topico |
Income distribution - Brazil
Equality - Brazil |
| ISBN |
1-280-04188-9
9786610041886 1-4175-4355-8 |
| Formato | Materiale a stampa |
| Livello bibliografico | Monografia |
| Lingua di pubblicazione | eng |
| Record Nr. | UNINA-9910780592903321 |
| Washington, D.C. : , : World Bank, , c2004 | ||
| Materiale a stampa | ||
| Lo trovi qui: Univ. Federico II | ||
| ||
Inequality and economic development in Brazil
| Inequality and economic development in Brazil |
| Edizione | [1st ed.] |
| Pubbl/distr/stampa | Washington, D.C., : World Bank, 2004 |
| Descrizione fisica | xxii, 281 pages : illustrations ; ; 26 cm |
| Disciplina | 339.2/2/0981 |
| Collana | A World Bank country study |
| Soggetto topico |
Income distribution - Brazil
Equality - Brazil |
| ISBN |
1-280-04188-9
9786610041886 1-4175-4355-8 |
| Formato | Materiale a stampa |
| Livello bibliografico | Monografia |
| Lingua di pubblicazione | eng |
| Nota di contenuto |
Intro -- TABLE OF CONTENTS -- Acknowledgments -- Abbreviations and Acronyms -- Executive Summary -- PART I: Policy Report -- Introduction -- 1. Why Do Inequalities Matter for Brazil? -- 2. Why is Brazil Such an Unequal Society? -- Inequality in Brazil -- The Causes of Inequality -- Public Policy and Equity -- 3. What Can and Should Public Policy Do About Inequality in Brazil? -- Human Assets and Land: Endowments and Prices -- Public Social Expenditure and Taxation -- 4. Conclusions -- Appendix -- Bibliography -- PART II: Background Papers -- 5. Poverty and Inequality in Brazil: New Estimates from Combined PPV-PNAD Data -- Data -- Methodology -- Implementation -- Poverty and Inequality at the Regional Level -- Poverty and Inequality at Lower Levels of Disaggregation -- Inequality Decompositions -- Conclusions -- References -- 6. Beyond Oaxaca-Blinder: Accounting for Differences in Household Income Distributions across Countries -- Introduction -- Income Distribution in Brazil,Mexico,and the United States -- A General Statement of Statistical Decomposition Analysis -- The Decompositions in Practice: A Specific Model -- The Brazil-United States Comparison -- The Brazil-Mexico Comparison -- Conclusions -- Appendix -- References -- 7. Inequality of Outcomes, Inequality of Opportunities, and Intergenerational Education Mobility in Brazil -- Introduction -- Theoretical Background -- Opportunities and the Distribution of Individual Wages -- Simulating the Effects of the Inequality of Opportunities on Earnings -- The Effects of the Inequality of Opportunities on the Distribution of Household Income -- Summary and Conclusion -- References -- 8. Indirect Taxation Reform: Searching for Dalton-Improvements in Brazil -- Introduction -- Taxation in Brazil: Recent Evolution,Trends and Issues.
What is the Impact of Taxation on the Distribution of Secondary Income? -- Dalton Improving Tax Reforms: Analytical Framework -- Identifying Potential Candidates for Raising and Reducing Taxes -- The Pairs of Tax Changes that Satisfy the Dalton Improvement Condition -- Conclusions -- Appendix -- References -- 9. Schooling Expansion in Demographic Transition: A Transient Opportunity for Inequality Reduction in Brazil -- Introduction -- Demographic Background -- Methodology and Data -- The Evolution of Education Between Cohorts: Monotonically Increasing Mean, Decreasing Inequality and Inverted U-Shaped Mean-V -- The Increasing Stock -to-Cohort Time Lag of Educational Attainment -- Simulations: Permanent and Temporary Acceleration of Educational Attainment -- Conclusions -- Appendix -- Bibliography -- 10. Ex-ante Evaluation of Conditional Cash Transfer Programs:The Case of Bolsa Escola -- Introduction -- Main Features of the Bolsa Escola Program -- A Simple Framework for Modeling and Simulating Bolsa Escola -- Estimation of the Discrete Choice Model -- Descriptive Statistics and Estimation Results -- An ex ante Evaluation of Bolsa Escola and Alternative Program Designs -- Conclusions -- References -- 11. The Dynamics of the Skill-Premium in Brazil: Growing Demand and Insufficient Supply? -- Introduction -- Wage-inequality and Education -- Relative Supply, Relative Demand, and the Skill-premium -- What If? Alternative Paths for Supply and Wage-inequality in the Past -- Summary -- Appendix -- References -- TABLES -- Table 2.1: Effect of Regional Differences on Poverty: Brazil -- Table 2.2: Gini Coefficient for Land Distribution -- Selected Countries -- Table 2.3: Labor Market and Schooling Contribution to Income Inequality in Brazil -- Table 2.4: Accounting for Brazil 's Excess Inequality Relative to the United States: Microsimulations. Table 2.5: Summary of Results of Analysis of Distributional Incidence of Public Social Expenditure -Northeast and Southeast B -- Table 2.6: School attendance and household characteristics (10-15 years old) -- Table 2.7: Redistributive Impact of Direct and Indirect Taxation by Components: Brazil, Metropolitan Areas, 1999 -- Table 3.1: Equity and Efficiency of Indirect Taxation -- Table 3.2: Tax Rates Change and Welfare Effects for Alternative Pairs of Dalton-improving Indirect Tax Reforms, Brazil -- Table A.1: Social sector priorities according to access gaps of the poor relative to the fourth quintile. Brazil, Urban and R -- Table A.2: Results from analysis of distributional incidence of public social expenditure, Brazil NE and SE 1997 -- Table 5.1: Poverty Measures by Region for Different Data Sets Headcount -- Table 5.2: Inequality Measures by Region for Different Data Sets: General Entropy Class c = 0.5 -- Table 5.3: Poverty Estimates by UF in the Northeast: Headcount -- Table 5.4: Inequality Estimates by UF in the Northeast: General Entropy 0.5 -- Table 5.5: Incidence of Poverty in Northeast Brazil: by State and Location Type -- Table 5.6: Decomposing Inequality: PNAD Income Versus PNAD Consumption: General Entropy Class (0.5) -- Table 6.1: Descriptive Statistics -- Table 6.2: FGT Measures -- Table 6.3: Theil Decompositions of Inequality by Population Characteristics -- Table 6.4: Simulated Poverty and Inequality for Brazilian Earnings in 1999, Using 2000 USA Coefficients -- Table 6.5: Simulated Poverty and Inequality for Brazil in 1999, Using 2000 USA Coefficients -- Table 6.6: Simulated Poverty and Inequality for Brazilian Earnings in 1999, Using 1999 Mexico Coefficients -- Table 6.7: Simulated Poverty and Inequality for Brazil in 1999, Using 1994 Mexico Coefficients. Table 6A.1: The Multinomial Logit Estimates for Participation Behavior and Occupational Choice: Brazil and the United States -- Table 6A.2: Estimates for the Mincerian Equation: Brazil (1999) and the United States (1994) -- Table 6A.3: The Multinomial Logit Estimates for Demographic Choice: Brazil and the United States -- Table 6A.4: The Multinomial Logit Estimates for Educational Structure: Brazil and the United States -- Table 6A.5: Tobit Model Estimates for Non Labour Incomes: Brazil and the United States -- Table 6A.6: The Multinomial Logit Estimates for Participation Behavior and Occupational Choice: Brazil and Mexico -- Table 6A.7: Estimates for the Mincerian Equation: Brazil (1999) and Mexico (1994) -- Table 6A.8: The Multinomial Logit Estimates for Demographic Choice: Brazil and the Mexico -- Table 6A.9: The Multinomial Logit Estimates for Educational Structure: Brazil and the Mexico -- Table 7.1: Descriptive Statistics -- Table 7.2a: Wage Equations by Cohort Using OLS, for Men -- Table 7.2b: Wage Equations by Cohort Using Heckman Correction (2SLS), for Women -- Table 7.3: Years of Schooling, by Parental Education Levels -- Table 7.4a: Educational Mobility OLS Regressions by Cohort:Men 's Years of Schooling -- Table 7.4b: Educational Mobility OLS Regressions by Cohort: Women's Years of Schooling -- Table 7.5a: Intergenerational Educational Mobility: Cohort 1936-1940 -- Table 7.5b: Intergenerational Educational Mobility: Cohort 1946-1950 -- Table 7.5c: Intergenerational Educational Mobility: Cohort 1956-1960 -- Table 7.5d: Intergenerational Educational Mobility: Cohort 1966-1970 -- Table 7.6a: Contribution of Inequality of Opportunity to Inequality of Family Per Capita Income: 5-year Cohort. Schooling and -- Table 7.6b: Contribution of Inequality of Opportunity to Inequality of Family Per Capita Income: 5-year Cohort. Schooling and. Table 7.6c: Contribution of Inequality of Opportunity to Inequality of Family Per Capita Income: 5-year Cohort. Schooling and -- Table 8.1: Tax Burden in Brazil, 1996-2000 as Percent of GDP and of Total Revenues (TR), by its Main Taxes and Contributions -- Table 8.2: Tax Burden in Brazil, 1996-2000 as Percentage of Total Revenues, by Levels of Government -- Table 8.3: Indirect Taxation in Brazil, Rates and Revenues, 1999 -- Table 8.4: Redistributive Impact of Direct and Indirect Taxation by Components Brazil, Metropolitan Areas, 1999 -- Table 8.5: Decomposing the Distributive Effect of Indirect Taxation by Type of Goods. Brazil Metropolitan Areas, 1999 -- Table 8.6: Equity and Efficiency of Indirect Taxation -- Table 8.7: Tax Rates Change and Welfare Effects for Alternative Pairs of Dalton Improving Indirect Tax Reforms, Brazil -- Table 8.8: Welfare Ranking Between the DALTON Improving Tax Reforms -- Table 8A.1: State Level VAT Incidence (Nominal and Effective) on Food Products of State Basic Food Baskets for All Brazilian -- Table 8A.2a: Welfare Ranking of Alternative DALTON Improving Indirect Tax Reforms (Pair of Taxes) -- Table 8A.2b: Welfare Ranking of Alternative DALTON Improving Indirect Tax Reforms (Pair of Taxes) -- Table 10.1: School Enrollment and Occupation of Children by Age (10-15 Years Old) -- Table 10.2: Sample Means. Characteristics of Children and the Household they Belong to (10-15 Years Old Only) -- Table 10.3: Log Earnings Regression (10-15 Years Old Children Reporting Earnings) -- Table 10.4: Multinomial Logit Coefficients -- Table 10.4a: Multinomial Logit Coefficients -- Table 10.4b: Multinomial Logit Coefficients -- Table 10.5: Simulated Effect of Bolsa Escola on Schooling and Working Status (All Children 10-15 Years Old). Table 10.6: Simulated Effect on Schooling and Working Status of Alternative Specifications of Conditional Cash Transfer Progr. |
| Record Nr. | UNINA-9910807299103321 |
| Washington, D.C., : World Bank, 2004 | ||
| Materiale a stampa | ||
| Lo trovi qui: Univ. Federico II | ||
| ||
Inequality, democracy and growth in Brazil : a country at the crossroads of economic development / / Marcos Mendes
| Inequality, democracy and growth in Brazil : a country at the crossroads of economic development / / Marcos Mendes |
| Autore | Mendes Marcos |
| Edizione | [First edition.] |
| Pubbl/distr/stampa | London, England : , : Elsevier : , : AP, , 2015 |
| Descrizione fisica | 1 online resource (281 p.) |
| Disciplina | 306.20981 |
| Soggetto topico | Equality - Brazil |
| Soggetto genere / forma | Electronic books. |
| ISBN | 0-12-801965-4 |
| Formato | Materiale a stampa |
| Livello bibliografico | Monografia |
| Lingua di pubblicazione | eng |
| Nota di contenuto |
Front Cover; Inequality, Democracy, and Growth in Brazil: A Country at the Crossroads of EconomicDevelopment; Copyright; Contents; Foreword; Disclaimers; About the Author; Acknowledgments; Dedication; Introduction; Chapter 1; Chapter 2; Chapter 3; Chapter 4; Chapter 5; Chapter 6; Reference; Chapter 1: Low Economic Growth and its Proximate Causes; 1.1 . Introduction; 1.2 . Sources of economic growth 1 ; 1.3 . The Brazilian economy during the military government (1964-1984) and the transition to democracy; 1.4 . Low growth; 1.5 . Proximate causes for low growth in 10 stylized facts
1.5.1 . STYLIZED FACT 1: Current Governmental non-Financial Expenditures have Steadily Grown1.5.2 . STYLIZED FACT 2: The Tax Burden had to be Raised to Finance Increasing Expenditures; 1.5.3 . STYLIZED FACT 3: Tax Increases were not Sufficient to Finance Growing Expenditures and, as a Consequence, Public ...; 1.5.4 . STYLIZED FACT 4: High Interest Rates; 1.5.5 . STYLIZED FACT 5: Infrastructure Bottlenecks; 1.5.6 . STYLIZED FACT 6: Skyrocketing Minimum Wage; 1.5.7 . STYLIZED FACT 7: The Brazilian Economy is Closed to International Trade 1.5.8 . STYLIZED FACT 8: Judicial Uncertainty and Poor Protection of Property Rights1.5.9 . STYLIZED FACT 9: A Large Number of Small and Informal Companies Drive Average Productivity Down; 1.5.10 . STYLIZED FACT 10: Educational Backwardness; 1.6 . The story behind low growth; Annex 1A .1. The Main Electoral and Political Institutions in the New Brazilian Democracy; References; Chapter 2: Inequality; 2.1 . Introduction; 2.2 . The composition of inequality; 2.3 . The fall of inequality since the mid-1990s; 2.4 . Will inequality continue to fall? 2.5 . Are social policies effective in reducing inequality?2.6 . Did inequality only begin to fall more intensely as of 2001?; 2.7 . Social stratification after two decades of poverty and inequality reduction; 2.8 . Conclusions; References; Chapter 3: Redistribution to the Rich; 3.1 . Introduction; 3.2 . What does economic theory have to say?; 3.3 . Inequality, extractive institutions, and rent seeking in Brazil; 3.4 . Evidence of redistribution to the rich in Brazil; 3.4.1 . Slow and Inefficient Judicial System; 3.4.2 . Regulatory Agency Weakness; 3.4.3 . Privileged Access to Public Credit BndesConstitutional Funds; State-Company-Sponsored Pension Funds; Political Connections and Access to Credit; 3.4.4 . Protection of National Industry; Arguments in Favor of Industrial Protection; Critiques of Industrial Protection; Why Is Industrial Protection so Resistant?; References; Chapter 4: Redistribution to the Poor; 4.1 . Introduction; 4.2 . What does economic theory have to say?; 4.3 . The fiscal impact of income transfer to the poor; 4.4 . Expansion of public education for the poor and its Fiscal impact; 4.5 . Expansion of public health to the poor and its fiscal impact 4.6 . Conclusions |
| Record Nr. | UNINA-9910460028203321 |
Mendes Marcos
|
||
| London, England : , : Elsevier : , : AP, , 2015 | ||
| Materiale a stampa | ||
| Lo trovi qui: Univ. Federico II | ||
| ||
Inequality, democracy and growth in Brazil : a country at the crossroads of economic development / / Marcos Mendes
| Inequality, democracy and growth in Brazil : a country at the crossroads of economic development / / Marcos Mendes |
| Autore | Mendes Marcos |
| Edizione | [First edition.] |
| Pubbl/distr/stampa | London, England : , : Elsevier : , : AP, , 2015 |
| Descrizione fisica | 1 online resource (281 p.) |
| Disciplina | 306.20981 |
| Soggetto topico | Equality - Brazil |
| ISBN | 0-12-801965-4 |
| Formato | Materiale a stampa |
| Livello bibliografico | Monografia |
| Lingua di pubblicazione | eng |
| Nota di contenuto |
Front Cover; Inequality, Democracy, and Growth in Brazil: A Country at the Crossroads of EconomicDevelopment; Copyright; Contents; Foreword; Disclaimers; About the Author; Acknowledgments; Dedication; Introduction; Chapter 1; Chapter 2; Chapter 3; Chapter 4; Chapter 5; Chapter 6; Reference; Chapter 1: Low Economic Growth and its Proximate Causes; 1.1 . Introduction; 1.2 . Sources of economic growth 1 ; 1.3 . The Brazilian economy during the military government (1964-1984) and the transition to democracy; 1.4 . Low growth; 1.5 . Proximate causes for low growth in 10 stylized facts
1.5.1 . STYLIZED FACT 1: Current Governmental non-Financial Expenditures have Steadily Grown1.5.2 . STYLIZED FACT 2: The Tax Burden had to be Raised to Finance Increasing Expenditures; 1.5.3 . STYLIZED FACT 3: Tax Increases were not Sufficient to Finance Growing Expenditures and, as a Consequence, Public ...; 1.5.4 . STYLIZED FACT 4: High Interest Rates; 1.5.5 . STYLIZED FACT 5: Infrastructure Bottlenecks; 1.5.6 . STYLIZED FACT 6: Skyrocketing Minimum Wage; 1.5.7 . STYLIZED FACT 7: The Brazilian Economy is Closed to International Trade 1.5.8 . STYLIZED FACT 8: Judicial Uncertainty and Poor Protection of Property Rights1.5.9 . STYLIZED FACT 9: A Large Number of Small and Informal Companies Drive Average Productivity Down; 1.5.10 . STYLIZED FACT 10: Educational Backwardness; 1.6 . The story behind low growth; Annex 1A .1. The Main Electoral and Political Institutions in the New Brazilian Democracy; References; Chapter 2: Inequality; 2.1 . Introduction; 2.2 . The composition of inequality; 2.3 . The fall of inequality since the mid-1990s; 2.4 . Will inequality continue to fall? 2.5 . Are social policies effective in reducing inequality?2.6 . Did inequality only begin to fall more intensely as of 2001?; 2.7 . Social stratification after two decades of poverty and inequality reduction; 2.8 . Conclusions; References; Chapter 3: Redistribution to the Rich; 3.1 . Introduction; 3.2 . What does economic theory have to say?; 3.3 . Inequality, extractive institutions, and rent seeking in Brazil; 3.4 . Evidence of redistribution to the rich in Brazil; 3.4.1 . Slow and Inefficient Judicial System; 3.4.2 . Regulatory Agency Weakness; 3.4.3 . Privileged Access to Public Credit BndesConstitutional Funds; State-Company-Sponsored Pension Funds; Political Connections and Access to Credit; 3.4.4 . Protection of National Industry; Arguments in Favor of Industrial Protection; Critiques of Industrial Protection; Why Is Industrial Protection so Resistant?; References; Chapter 4: Redistribution to the Poor; 4.1 . Introduction; 4.2 . What does economic theory have to say?; 4.3 . The fiscal impact of income transfer to the poor; 4.4 . Expansion of public education for the poor and its Fiscal impact; 4.5 . Expansion of public health to the poor and its fiscal impact 4.6 . Conclusions |
| Record Nr. | UNINA-9910787248203321 |
|
Mendes Marcos
|
||
| London, England : , : Elsevier : , : AP, , 2015 | ||
| Materiale a stampa | ||
| Lo trovi qui: Univ. Federico II | ||
| ||
Inequality, democracy and growth in Brazil : a country at the crossroads of economic development / / Marcos Mendes
| Inequality, democracy and growth in Brazil : a country at the crossroads of economic development / / Marcos Mendes |
| Autore | Mendes Marcos |
| Edizione | [First edition.] |
| Pubbl/distr/stampa | London, England : , : Elsevier : , : AP, , 2015 |
| Descrizione fisica | 1 online resource (281 p.) |
| Disciplina | 306.20981 |
| Soggetto topico | Equality - Brazil |
| ISBN | 0-12-801965-4 |
| Formato | Materiale a stampa |
| Livello bibliografico | Monografia |
| Lingua di pubblicazione | eng |
| Nota di contenuto |
Front Cover; Inequality, Democracy, and Growth in Brazil: A Country at the Crossroads of EconomicDevelopment; Copyright; Contents; Foreword; Disclaimers; About the Author; Acknowledgments; Dedication; Introduction; Chapter 1; Chapter 2; Chapter 3; Chapter 4; Chapter 5; Chapter 6; Reference; Chapter 1: Low Economic Growth and its Proximate Causes; 1.1 . Introduction; 1.2 . Sources of economic growth 1 ; 1.3 . The Brazilian economy during the military government (1964-1984) and the transition to democracy; 1.4 . Low growth; 1.5 . Proximate causes for low growth in 10 stylized facts
1.5.1 . STYLIZED FACT 1: Current Governmental non-Financial Expenditures have Steadily Grown1.5.2 . STYLIZED FACT 2: The Tax Burden had to be Raised to Finance Increasing Expenditures; 1.5.3 . STYLIZED FACT 3: Tax Increases were not Sufficient to Finance Growing Expenditures and, as a Consequence, Public ...; 1.5.4 . STYLIZED FACT 4: High Interest Rates; 1.5.5 . STYLIZED FACT 5: Infrastructure Bottlenecks; 1.5.6 . STYLIZED FACT 6: Skyrocketing Minimum Wage; 1.5.7 . STYLIZED FACT 7: The Brazilian Economy is Closed to International Trade 1.5.8 . STYLIZED FACT 8: Judicial Uncertainty and Poor Protection of Property Rights1.5.9 . STYLIZED FACT 9: A Large Number of Small and Informal Companies Drive Average Productivity Down; 1.5.10 . STYLIZED FACT 10: Educational Backwardness; 1.6 . The story behind low growth; Annex 1A .1. The Main Electoral and Political Institutions in the New Brazilian Democracy; References; Chapter 2: Inequality; 2.1 . Introduction; 2.2 . The composition of inequality; 2.3 . The fall of inequality since the mid-1990s; 2.4 . Will inequality continue to fall? 2.5 . Are social policies effective in reducing inequality?2.6 . Did inequality only begin to fall more intensely as of 2001?; 2.7 . Social stratification after two decades of poverty and inequality reduction; 2.8 . Conclusions; References; Chapter 3: Redistribution to the Rich; 3.1 . Introduction; 3.2 . What does economic theory have to say?; 3.3 . Inequality, extractive institutions, and rent seeking in Brazil; 3.4 . Evidence of redistribution to the rich in Brazil; 3.4.1 . Slow and Inefficient Judicial System; 3.4.2 . Regulatory Agency Weakness; 3.4.3 . Privileged Access to Public Credit BndesConstitutional Funds; State-Company-Sponsored Pension Funds; Political Connections and Access to Credit; 3.4.4 . Protection of National Industry; Arguments in Favor of Industrial Protection; Critiques of Industrial Protection; Why Is Industrial Protection so Resistant?; References; Chapter 4: Redistribution to the Poor; 4.1 . Introduction; 4.2 . What does economic theory have to say?; 4.3 . The fiscal impact of income transfer to the poor; 4.4 . Expansion of public education for the poor and its Fiscal impact; 4.5 . Expansion of public health to the poor and its fiscal impact 4.6 . Conclusions |
| Record Nr. | UNINA-9910825043703321 |
|
Mendes Marcos
|
||
| London, England : , : Elsevier : , : AP, , 2015 | ||
| Materiale a stampa | ||
| Lo trovi qui: Univ. Federico II | ||
| ||
