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Improving produce safety by stabalizing chlorine in washing solutions with high organic loads ... annual report
| Improving produce safety by stabalizing chlorine in washing solutions with high organic loads ... annual report |
| Pubbl/distr/stampa | [Washington, D.C.], : U.S. Dept. of Agriculture, Agricultural Research Service |
| Descrizione fisica | : HTML files |
| Disciplina | 546 |
| Soggetto topico |
Chlorine and derivatives as disinfectants
Farm produce - Postharvest technology - Health aspects Microbial contamination - Prevention Sanitary microbiology |
| Soggetto genere / forma | Periodicals. |
| ISSN | 2378-2358 |
| Formato | Materiale a stampa  |
| Livello bibliografico | Periodico |
| Lingua di pubblicazione | eng |
| Record Nr. | UNINA-9910703114003321 |
| [Washington, D.C.], : U.S. Dept. of Agriculture, Agricultural Research Service | ||
| Materiale a stampa | ||
| Lo trovi qui: Univ. Federico II | ||
| ||
Novel approach for decontaminating fresh and fresh-cut produce utilizing chlorine dioxide gas packaging system ... annual report
| Novel approach for decontaminating fresh and fresh-cut produce utilizing chlorine dioxide gas packaging system ... annual report |
| Pubbl/distr/stampa | [Washington, D.C.], : U.S. Dept. of Agriculture, Agricultural Research Service |
| Descrizione fisica | : HTML files |
| Disciplina | 546 |
| Soggetto topico |
Chlorine and derivatives as disinfectants
Farm produce - Packaging - Health aspects Farm produce - Postharvest technology - Health aspects Microbial contamination - Prevention Sanitary microbiology |
| Soggetto genere / forma | Periodicals. |
| ISSN | 2378-2366 |
| Formato | Materiale a stampa |
| Livello bibliografico | Periodico |
| Lingua di pubblicazione | eng |
| Record Nr. | UNINA-9910703113903321 |
| [Washington, D.C.], : U.S. Dept. of Agriculture, Agricultural Research Service | ||
| Materiale a stampa | ||
| Lo trovi qui: Univ. Federico II | ||
| ||
Preventing HIV transmission [[electronic resource] ] : the role of sterile needles and bleach / / Jacques Normand, David Vlahov, and Lincoln E. Moses, editors
| Preventing HIV transmission [[electronic resource] ] : the role of sterile needles and bleach / / Jacques Normand, David Vlahov, and Lincoln E. Moses, editors |
| Pubbl/distr/stampa | Washington, D.C., : National Academy Press, 1995 |
| Descrizione fisica | xviii, 334 p. : ill., maps |
| Disciplina | 616.97/9205 |
| Altri autori (Persone) |
NormandJacques <1954->
VlahovDavid MosesLincoln E |
| Soggetto topico |
Needle exchange programs - United States
Chlorine and derivatives as disinfectants AIDS (Disease) - United States - Prevention |
| Soggetto genere / forma | Electronic books. |
| ISBN |
1-280-19300-X
9786610193004 0-309-58821-9 0-585-02248-8 |
| Formato | Materiale a stampa |
| Livello bibliografico | Monografia |
| Lingua di pubblicazione | eng |
| Record Nr. | UNINA-9910456102003321 |
| Washington, D.C., : National Academy Press, 1995 | ||
| Materiale a stampa | ||
| Lo trovi qui: Univ. Federico II | ||
| ||
Preventing HIV transmission [[electronic resource] ] : the role of sterile needles and bleach / / Jacques Normand, David Vlahov, and Lincoln E. Moses, editors
| Preventing HIV transmission [[electronic resource] ] : the role of sterile needles and bleach / / Jacques Normand, David Vlahov, and Lincoln E. Moses, editors |
| Pubbl/distr/stampa | Washington, D.C., : National Academy Press, 1995 |
| Descrizione fisica | xviii, 334 p. : ill., maps |
| Disciplina | 616.97/9205 |
| Altri autori (Persone) |
NormandJacques <1954->
VlahovDavid MosesLincoln E |
| Soggetto topico |
Needle exchange programs - United States
Chlorine and derivatives as disinfectants AIDS (Disease) - United States - Prevention |
| ISBN |
0-309-17621-2
1-280-19300-X 9786610193004 0-309-58821-9 0-585-02248-8 |
| Formato | Materiale a stampa |
| Livello bibliografico | Monografia |
| Lingua di pubblicazione | eng |
| Record Nr. | UNINA-9910778662703321 |
| Washington, D.C., : National Academy Press, 1995 | ||
| Materiale a stampa | ||
| Lo trovi qui: Univ. Federico II | ||
| ||
Preventing HIV transmission : the role of sterile needles and bleach / / Jacques Normand, David Vlahov, and Lincoln E. Moses, editors
| Preventing HIV transmission : the role of sterile needles and bleach / / Jacques Normand, David Vlahov, and Lincoln E. Moses, editors |
| Edizione | [1st ed.] |
| Pubbl/distr/stampa | Washington, D.C., : National Academy Press, 1995 |
| Descrizione fisica | xviii, 334 p. : ill., maps |
| Disciplina | 616.97/9205 |
| Altri autori (Persone) |
NormandJacques <1954->
VlahovDavid MosesLincoln E |
| Soggetto topico |
Needle exchange programs - United States
Chlorine and derivatives as disinfectants AIDS (Disease) - United States - Prevention |
| ISBN |
0-309-17621-2
1-280-19300-X 9786610193004 0-309-58821-9 0-585-02248-8 |
| Formato | Materiale a stampa |
| Livello bibliografico | Monografia |
| Lingua di pubblicazione | eng |
| Nota di contenuto |
Preventing HIV Transmission -- Copyright -- Contents -- Preface -- Acknowledgments -- Executive Summary -- THE PROBLEM -- THE PANEL'S CHARGE -- SCIENTIFIC ASSESSMENT OF PROGRAM EFFECTIVENESS -- Needle Exchange -- Bleach Distribution -- COMMUNITY AND LEGAL FACTORS -- RECOMMENDED COURSE OF ACTION -- NOTE -- Introduction -- DIMENSIONS OF THE PROBLEM -- RESPONSES TO THE EPIDEMIC -- THE CHARGE TO THE PANEL -- THE PANEL'S REPORT -- Information Sources -- Approach -- Organization -- NOTES -- REFERENCES -- Part 1 Dimensions of the Problem -- 1 The Epidemiology of HIV and AIDS -- BIOLOGICAL MECHANISMS OF TRANSMISSION -- Injection Drug Use Transmission -- Direct Needle Sharing -- Indirect Needle Sharing -- Risk Behaviors and Interventions -- Sexual Transmission -- Perinatal Transmission -- Conclusion -- EPIDEMIOLOGIC DATA -- HIV and AIDS Surveillance -- Mode of Acquisition of Infection -- HIV AND AIDS AMONG INJECTION DRUG USERS -- Surveillance -- Sexual Transmission Among Injection Drug Users -- Perinatal Transmission from Injection Drug Users -- SUMMARY -- Conclusions -- Recommendations -- NOTES -- REFERENCES -- 2 The Epidemiology of Injection Drug Use -- ESTIMATES OF INJECTION DRUG USERS -- Geographic Variations -- National Surveys of Drug Abuse -- National Household Survey on Drug Abuse -- Washington DC Metropolitan Area Drug Study -- Surveys of Youth -- Conclusion -- CHARACTERISTICS OF INJECTION DRUG USERS -- A National Profile -- Local Drug Use Trends and Patterns -- SUMMARY -- Recommendation -- NOTES -- REFERENCES -- 3 Needle Exchange and Bleach Distribution Programs in the United States -- INTRODUCTION -- NEEDLE EXCHANGE PROGRAMS -- Legal Issues -- Program Operations -- Sites -- Staffing -- Policies -- Hours of Operation -- On-Site Services Offered -- Items Distributed -- Characteristics of Program Participants -- Cost and Cost-Effectiveness.
Organization Characteristics -- Three Simple Case Studies -- Two Complex Case Studies -- Comparisons Across Programs -- BLEACH DISTRIBUTION PROGRAMS -- Characteristics of Program Participants -- Outreach Strategies -- CONCLUSIONS -- REFERENCES -- 4 Community Views -- MORAL/ETHICAL ARGUMENTS -- PUBLIC OPINION POLLS -- AFRICAN AMERICAN VIEWS -- LATINO/HISPANIC VIEWS -- LAW ENFORCEMENT VIEWS -- HEALTH PROFESSIONAL VIEWS -- Pharmacists -- Treatment Service Providers -- Funding -- Treatment Efficacy -- Federal Regulations -- Condoning Drug Use -- SUMMARY -- CONCLUSIONS -- NOTE -- REFERENCES -- 5 The Legal Environment -- U.S. DRUG CONTROL POLICY -- Legislative/Statutory Environment -- State and Local Litigation -- DO PARAPHERNALIA AND PRESCRIPTION LAWS CONTRIBUTE TO HIV TRANSMISSION -- Needle Scarcity and Sharing -- Changes in the Laws in Connecticut -- Needle Sales -- Injection Drug Users' Behaviors -- SHOULD THE LAWS BE CHANGED -- Changing the Laws -- Consequences -- CONCLUSIONS -- RECOMMENDATIONS -- NOTE -- REFERENCES -- Part 2 The Impact of Needle Exchange and Bleach Distribution Programs -- 6 The Effectiveness of Bleach as a Disinfectant of Injection Drug Equipment -- TRANSMISSION OF HIV AMONG INJECTION DRUG USERS -- BLEACH AS A DISINFECTANT -- Definition of Terms -- The Role of Cleaning in Disinfection -- Susceptibility of HIV to Disinfection -- Laboratory Studies -- CDC Recommendations -- BLEACH DISTRIBUTION PROGRAMS -- Program Evaluation -- The Chicago Experience -- Limitations of Bleach Disinfection -- Impact of Bleach Disinfection on HIV Transmission -- SUMMARY -- Conclusions -- Recommendations -- NOTES -- REFERENCES -- 7 The Effects of Needle Exchange Programs -- POTENTIAL OUTCOMES -- Possible Positive Outcomes -- Possible Negative Outcomes -- THE PANEL'S APPROACH TO THE EVIDENCE. The Traditional Approach: Considering the Preponderance of the Evidence -- An Alternative Approach: Looking at the Patterns of Evidence -- Rationale -- Ruling In Plausibility -- The Panel's Synthesis -- U.S. GENERAL ACCOUNTING OFFICE REVIEW -- Procedure -- Results -- UNIVERSITY OF CALIFORNIA REPORT -- Procedure -- Results -- Possible Positive Outcomes -- Reduction in High-Risk Behavior -- Increased Referrals to Drug Treatment -- Reduction in HIV Infection Rates -- Possible Negative Outcomes -- Increase in Program Participant Drug Use -- Increase in New Initiates to Injection Drug Use -- Increased Drug Use in the Community -- Increase in Number of Contaminated Needles Unsafely Discarded -- Summary -- EVIDENCE FROM RECENT STUDIES -- Possible Positive Outcomes -- Reduction in Risk Behavior -- Reduction in HIV Infection Rates -- Possible Negative Outcomes -- Program Participant Drug Use -- New Initiates to Injection Drug Use -- Discarded Needles and Syringes -- THE NEW HAVEN STUDIES -- Program Implementation -- Estimated Effects on HIV Incidence -- Assessment of the Models -- New Initiates to Injection Drug Use -- Enrollment in Drug Treatment -- Alternative Explanations -- Summary -- THE TACOMA STUDIES -- The Program -- HIV Seroprevalence Studies -- Hepatitis Surveillance and Case Reporting -- Hepatitis B and C Case-Control Study -- Interview Studies with Injection Drug Users -- Potential Alternative Explanations -- Program Effects on New Initiates to Drug Use or Abuse -- SUMMARY -- Conclusions -- Recommendations -- NOTES -- REFERENCES -- 8 Directions for Future Research -- RESEARCH ON PROGRAM EFFECTIVENESS -- Needle Exchange Evaluation -- Categorization of Exposure to Intervention Condition -- Measurement of Alternative Sources of Sterile Syringes -- Community-Based Studies -- Appropriate Selection of Respondents. Temporal Association of Participation in Programs and HIV Seroconversion -- Accounting for Alternative Risk Behaviors -- Consolidation and Coordination of Program Effects -- Program Characteristics -- RESEARCH ON BLEACH EFFICACY IN DISINFECTION -- EPIDEMIOLOGIC RESEARCH -- RESEARCH ON COMMUNITY ISSUES -- OTHER FUTURE RESEARCH ISSUES -- Deregulation of Syringe Sale and Possession -- Incarcerated Populations -- Randomized Trial of Needle Exchange Programs -- BROADER ISSUES -- CONCLUSION -- REFERENCES -- Appendixes -- APPENDIX A Description and Review of Research Projects in Three Cities -- SAN FRANCISCO -- Review -- MONTREAL -- Needle Exchange Evaluation Project -- Seroincidence -- Data from Correctional Institutions -- Review -- Epidemiologic Study -- Seroprevalence -- Seroincidence -- Review -- CHICAGO -- Demand for Free Needles and Their Effect on Injecting Frequency and Needle Use -- Review -- Effects of Exchange Use on HIV Risk Behavior and Incidence -- Review -- CONCLUSION -- REFERENCES -- APPENDIX B Professional Association Positions on Needle Exchange and Bleach Distribution Programs -- APPENDIX C Biographical Sketches -- Index. |
| Record Nr. | UNINA-9910828404803321 |
| Washington, D.C., : National Academy Press, 1995 | ||
| Materiale a stampa | ||
| Lo trovi qui: Univ. Federico II | ||
| ||
Proceedings [[electronic resource] ] : Workshop on Needle Exchange and Bleach Distribution Programs / / Panel on Needle Exchange and Bleach Distribution Programs, Commission on Behavioral and Social Sciences and Education, National Research Council and Institute of Medicine
| Proceedings [[electronic resource] ] : Workshop on Needle Exchange and Bleach Distribution Programs / / Panel on Needle Exchange and Bleach Distribution Programs, Commission on Behavioral and Social Sciences and Education, National Research Council and Institute of Medicine |
| Pubbl/distr/stampa | Washington, DC, : National Academy Press, 1994 |
| Descrizione fisica | 1 online resource (320 p.) |
| Disciplina | 362.29 |
| Altri autori (Persone) | MosesLincoln E |
| Soggetto topico |
Needle exchange programs - United States
Intravenous drug abuse - Health aspects - United States AIDS (Disease) - United States - Prevention Chlorine and derivatives as disinfectants |
| Soggetto genere / forma | Electronic books. |
| ISBN |
1-280-19348-4
9786610193486 0-309-59314-X 0-585-05313-8 |
| Formato | Materiale a stampa |
| Livello bibliografico | Monografia |
| Lingua di pubblicazione | eng |
| Nota di contenuto |
""Proceedings Workshop on Needle Exchange and Bleach Distribution Programs""; ""Copyright""; ""Contents""; ""PREFACE""; ""INTRODUCTION""; ""REFERENCES""; ""U.S. NEEDLE EXCHANGE DATA""; ""The University of California Needle Exchange Program Evaluation Project: Methods, Conclusions, and Recommendation ""; ""METHODS""; ""Project Personnel""; ""Goal and Research Questions""; ""Ensuring Community and Expert Input""; ""Advisory Committee""; ""Expert Reviewers""; ""Kaiser Family Foundation Forum""; ""Consent and Confidentiality""; ""Formal Review of Existing Research""; ""Assessment of Data Needs""
""Data Collection""""Data Synthesis""; ""Site Visits""; ""Identification of Sites and Interviewees""; ""Methodological Framework""; ""Training""; ""Site Observations""; ""Key Informant Interviews""; ""IDU Focus Groups""; ""Qualitative Analysis""; ""Mail Survey of NEPs Not Visited""; ""Cost-Effectiveness Modeling""; ""CONCLUSIONS""; ""How and Why Did NEPs Develop?""; ""How Do NEPs Operate?""; ""Do NEPs Act as Bridges to Public Health Services?""; ""How Much Does it Cost to Operate NEPs?""; ""Who Are the IDUs Who Use NEPs?""; ""What Proportion of All IDUs in a Community Uses the NEP?"" ""What Are the Community Responses to NEPs?""""Do NEPs Result in Changes in Community Levels of Drug Use?""; ""Do NEPs Affect the Number of Discarded Syringes?""; ""Do NEPs Affect Rates of HIV Drug and/or Sex Risk Behaviors?""; ""What is the Role of Studies of Syringes in Injection Drug Use Research?""; ""Do NEPs Affect Rates of Diseases Related to Injection Drug Use Other than HIV?""; ""Do NEPs Affect HIV Infection Rates?""; ""Are NEPs Cost-effective in Preventing HIV Infection?""; ""RECOMMENDATIONS""; ""Recommendations for the Federal Government""; ""Recommendations for State Governments"" ""Recommendations for Researchers""""APPENDIX""; ""Research Questions""; ""References""; ""Risk for Human Immunodeficiency Virus and Hepatitis B Virus in Users of the Tacoma Syringe Exchange Program""; ""INTRODUCTION""; ""METHODS""; ""The Intervention""; ""Studies of Risk Behavior in Local IDUs""; ""Surveillance of Blood-Borne Viral Infections""; ""Case-Control Study of Incident HBV Infections""; ""RESULTS""; ""DISCUSSIONS""; ""References""; ""Behavioral and Community Impact of the Portland Syringe Exchange Program""; ""PROGRAM OVERVIEW""; ""METHODS""; ""RESULTS""; ""CONCLUSIONS"" ""ACKNOWLEDGMENTS""""Reference""; ""New York City Syringe Exchange: An Overview""; ""INTRODUCTION""; ""OVERVIEW OF EVALUATION""; ""METHODS""; ""Ethnographic Study""; ""Behavioral Change and Seroconversion""; ""Seroprevalence and Seroincidence""; ""RESULTS""; ""Organizational-System Issues""; ""Health Departments""; ""The American Foundation for AIDS Research (AmFAR)""; ""Syringe Exchange Programs""; ""Evaluation""; ""PROBLEM SOLVING""; ""Subject Characteristics""; ""Self-Reported Change in Risk-Taking Behavior""; ""DISCUSSION""; ""ACKNOWLEDGMENTS""; ""References"" ""Discussion: U.S. Needle Exchange Data"" |
| Record Nr. | UNINA-9910455963203321 |
| Washington, DC, : National Academy Press, 1994 | ||
| Materiale a stampa | ||
| Lo trovi qui: Univ. Federico II | ||
| ||
Proceedings [[electronic resource] ] : workshop on Needle Exchange and Bleach Distribution Programs / / Panel on Needle Exchange and Bleach Distribution Programs, Commission on Behavioral and Social Sciences and Education, National Research Council and Institute of Medicine
| Proceedings [[electronic resource] ] : workshop on Needle Exchange and Bleach Distribution Programs / / Panel on Needle Exchange and Bleach Distribution Programs, Commission on Behavioral and Social Sciences and Education, National Research Council and Institute of Medicine |
| Pubbl/distr/stampa | Washington, DC, : National Academy Press, 1994 |
| Descrizione fisica | 1 online resource (320 p.) |
| Disciplina | 362.29 |
| Altri autori (Persone) | MosesLincoln E |
| Soggetto topico |
Needle exchange programs - United States
Intravenous drug abuse - Health aspects - United States AIDS (Disease) - United States - Prevention Chlorine and derivatives as disinfectants |
| ISBN |
1-280-19348-4
9786610193486 0-309-59314-X 0-585-05313-8 |
| Formato | Materiale a stampa |
| Livello bibliografico | Monografia |
| Lingua di pubblicazione | eng |
| Nota di contenuto |
""Proceedings Workshop on Needle Exchange and Bleach Distribution Programs""; ""Copyright""; ""Contents""; ""PREFACE""; ""INTRODUCTION""; ""REFERENCES""; ""U.S. NEEDLE EXCHANGE DATA""; ""The University of California Needle Exchange Program Evaluation Project: Methods, Conclusions, and Recommendation ""; ""METHODS""; ""Project Personnel""; ""Goal and Research Questions""; ""Ensuring Community and Expert Input""; ""Advisory Committee""; ""Expert Reviewers""; ""Kaiser Family Foundation Forum""; ""Consent and Confidentiality""; ""Formal Review of Existing Research""; ""Assessment of Data Needs""
""Data Collection""""Data Synthesis""; ""Site Visits""; ""Identification of Sites and Interviewees""; ""Methodological Framework""; ""Training""; ""Site Observations""; ""Key Informant Interviews""; ""IDU Focus Groups""; ""Qualitative Analysis""; ""Mail Survey of NEPs Not Visited""; ""Cost-Effectiveness Modeling""; ""CONCLUSIONS""; ""How and Why Did NEPs Develop?""; ""How Do NEPs Operate?""; ""Do NEPs Act as Bridges to Public Health Services?""; ""How Much Does it Cost to Operate NEPs?""; ""Who Are the IDUs Who Use NEPs?""; ""What Proportion of All IDUs in a Community Uses the NEP?"" ""What Are the Community Responses to NEPs?""""Do NEPs Result in Changes in Community Levels of Drug Use?""; ""Do NEPs Affect the Number of Discarded Syringes?""; ""Do NEPs Affect Rates of HIV Drug and/or Sex Risk Behaviors?""; ""What is the Role of Studies of Syringes in Injection Drug Use Research?""; ""Do NEPs Affect Rates of Diseases Related to Injection Drug Use Other than HIV?""; ""Do NEPs Affect HIV Infection Rates?""; ""Are NEPs Cost-effective in Preventing HIV Infection?""; ""RECOMMENDATIONS""; ""Recommendations for the Federal Government""; ""Recommendations for State Governments"" ""Recommendations for Researchers""""APPENDIX""; ""Research Questions""; ""References""; ""Risk for Human Immunodeficiency Virus and Hepatitis B Virus in Users of the Tacoma Syringe Exchange Program""; ""INTRODUCTION""; ""METHODS""; ""The Intervention""; ""Studies of Risk Behavior in Local IDUs""; ""Surveillance of Blood-Borne Viral Infections""; ""Case-Control Study of Incident HBV Infections""; ""RESULTS""; ""DISCUSSIONS""; ""References""; ""Behavioral and Community Impact of the Portland Syringe Exchange Program""; ""PROGRAM OVERVIEW""; ""METHODS""; ""RESULTS""; ""CONCLUSIONS"" ""ACKNOWLEDGMENTS""""Reference""; ""New York City Syringe Exchange: An Overview""; ""INTRODUCTION""; ""OVERVIEW OF EVALUATION""; ""METHODS""; ""Ethnographic Study""; ""Behavioral Change and Seroconversion""; ""Seroprevalence and Seroincidence""; ""RESULTS""; ""Organizational-System Issues""; ""Health Departments""; ""The American Foundation for AIDS Research (AmFAR)""; ""Syringe Exchange Programs""; ""Evaluation""; ""PROBLEM SOLVING""; ""Subject Characteristics""; ""Self-Reported Change in Risk-Taking Behavior""; ""DISCUSSION""; ""ACKNOWLEDGMENTS""; ""References"" ""Discussion: U.S. Needle Exchange Data"" |
| Record Nr. | UNINA-9910778767103321 |
| Washington, DC, : National Academy Press, 1994 | ||
| Materiale a stampa | ||
| Lo trovi qui: Univ. Federico II | ||
| ||
Proceedings : Workshop on Needle Exchange and Bleach Distribution Programs / / Panel on Needle Exchange and Bleach Distribution Programs, Commission on Behavioral and Social Sciences and Education, National Research Council and Institute of Medicine
| Proceedings : Workshop on Needle Exchange and Bleach Distribution Programs / / Panel on Needle Exchange and Bleach Distribution Programs, Commission on Behavioral and Social Sciences and Education, National Research Council and Institute of Medicine |
| Edizione | [1st ed.] |
| Pubbl/distr/stampa | Washington, DC, : National Academy Press, 1994 |
| Descrizione fisica | 1 online resource (320 p.) |
| Disciplina | 362.29 |
| Altri autori (Persone) | MosesLincoln E |
| Soggetto topico |
Needle exchange programs - United States
Intravenous drug abuse - Health aspects - United States AIDS (Disease) - United States - Prevention Chlorine and derivatives as disinfectants |
| ISBN |
1-280-19348-4
9786610193486 0-309-59314-X 0-585-05313-8 |
| Formato | Materiale a stampa |
| Livello bibliografico | Monografia |
| Lingua di pubblicazione | eng |
| Nota di contenuto |
""Proceedings Workshop on Needle Exchange and Bleach Distribution Programs""; ""Copyright""; ""Contents""; ""PREFACE""; ""INTRODUCTION""; ""REFERENCES""; ""U.S. NEEDLE EXCHANGE DATA""; ""The University of California Needle Exchange Program Evaluation Project: Methods, Conclusions, and Recommendation ""; ""METHODS""; ""Project Personnel""; ""Goal and Research Questions""; ""Ensuring Community and Expert Input""; ""Advisory Committee""; ""Expert Reviewers""; ""Kaiser Family Foundation Forum""; ""Consent and Confidentiality""; ""Formal Review of Existing Research""; ""Assessment of Data Needs""
""Data Collection""""Data Synthesis""; ""Site Visits""; ""Identification of Sites and Interviewees""; ""Methodological Framework""; ""Training""; ""Site Observations""; ""Key Informant Interviews""; ""IDU Focus Groups""; ""Qualitative Analysis""; ""Mail Survey of NEPs Not Visited""; ""Cost-Effectiveness Modeling""; ""CONCLUSIONS""; ""How and Why Did NEPs Develop?""; ""How Do NEPs Operate?""; ""Do NEPs Act as Bridges to Public Health Services?""; ""How Much Does it Cost to Operate NEPs?""; ""Who Are the IDUs Who Use NEPs?""; ""What Proportion of All IDUs in a Community Uses the NEP?"" ""What Are the Community Responses to NEPs?""""Do NEPs Result in Changes in Community Levels of Drug Use?""; ""Do NEPs Affect the Number of Discarded Syringes?""; ""Do NEPs Affect Rates of HIV Drug and/or Sex Risk Behaviors?""; ""What is the Role of Studies of Syringes in Injection Drug Use Research?""; ""Do NEPs Affect Rates of Diseases Related to Injection Drug Use Other than HIV?""; ""Do NEPs Affect HIV Infection Rates?""; ""Are NEPs Cost-effective in Preventing HIV Infection?""; ""RECOMMENDATIONS""; ""Recommendations for the Federal Government""; ""Recommendations for State Governments"" ""Recommendations for Researchers""""APPENDIX""; ""Research Questions""; ""References""; ""Risk for Human Immunodeficiency Virus and Hepatitis B Virus in Users of the Tacoma Syringe Exchange Program""; ""INTRODUCTION""; ""METHODS""; ""The Intervention""; ""Studies of Risk Behavior in Local IDUs""; ""Surveillance of Blood-Borne Viral Infections""; ""Case-Control Study of Incident HBV Infections""; ""RESULTS""; ""DISCUSSIONS""; ""References""; ""Behavioral and Community Impact of the Portland Syringe Exchange Program""; ""PROGRAM OVERVIEW""; ""METHODS""; ""RESULTS""; ""CONCLUSIONS"" ""ACKNOWLEDGMENTS""""Reference""; ""New York City Syringe Exchange: An Overview""; ""INTRODUCTION""; ""OVERVIEW OF EVALUATION""; ""METHODS""; ""Ethnographic Study""; ""Behavioral Change and Seroconversion""; ""Seroprevalence and Seroincidence""; ""RESULTS""; ""Organizational-System Issues""; ""Health Departments""; ""The American Foundation for AIDS Research (AmFAR)""; ""Syringe Exchange Programs""; ""Evaluation""; ""PROBLEM SOLVING""; ""Subject Characteristics""; ""Self-Reported Change in Risk-Taking Behavior""; ""DISCUSSION""; ""ACKNOWLEDGMENTS""; ""References"" ""Discussion: U.S. Needle Exchange Data"" |
| Record Nr. | UNINA-9910825908103321 |
| Washington, DC, : National Academy Press, 1994 | ||
| Materiale a stampa | ||
| Lo trovi qui: Univ. Federico II | ||
| ||
