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Guidelines for evaluating process plant buildings for external explosions and fires [[electronic resource]]
| Guidelines for evaluating process plant buildings for external explosions and fires [[electronic resource]] |
| Pubbl/distr/stampa | New York, : Center for Chemical Process Safety of the American Institute of Chemical Engineers, c1996 |
| Descrizione fisica | 1 online resource (205 p.) |
| Disciplina |
660.2804
660/.2804 |
| Soggetto topico |
Chemical plants - Fires and fire prevention
Explosions Chemical plants - Risk assessment Risk management |
| ISBN |
1-282-81724-8
9786612817243 0-470-93793-9 1-59124-624-5 0-470-93792-0 |
| Formato | Materiale a stampa  |
| Livello bibliografico | Monografia |
| Lingua di pubblicazione | eng |
| Nota di contenuto |
Guidelines for Evaluating Process Plant Buildings for External Explosions and Fires; Contents; Preface; Acknowledgments; 1. Introduction; 1.1. Objective and Scope; 1.2. Background; 1.3. Evolution of Design and Siting Practices for Buildings in Process Plants; 1.3.1. Brief History of Building Designs; 1.3.2. Standards for Building and Equipment Siting and Separation; 1.3.3. Standards and Criteria for Building Design, and the Need for Site-Specific Evaluation; 2. Management Overview; 2.1. Explosion and Fire Phenomena; 2.2. Statement of the Problem; 2.3. Analysis Approach
3. Initial Screening and Consequence Screening3.1. Process and Plant Documentation; 3.2. Initial Screening; 3.2.1. Initial Screening for Events of Concern through Identification of Materials and Conditions Present at the Specific Site; 3.2.2. Conduct Initial Screening through Applying Occupancy or Functional Criteria of Concern; 3.3. Consequence Screening; 3.3.1. Consequence Screening by Comparison to Design and Spacing Criteria; 3.3.2. Consequence Screening by Modeling Site-Specific Conditions; 4. Risk Screening; 4.1. Derivation and Presentation of Risk 4.2 Interpretation and Use of Risk Measures4.2.1. Use of Individual Risk Measures; 4.2.2. Use of Aggregate Risk Measures; 4.3. Overview of Risk-Screening Approach; 4.3.1. Process Plant Buildings Explosion Exposure; 4.3.2. Building Types; 4.3.3. Estimate of Building Damage and Probability of Serious or Fatal Injury; 4.3.4. Approximate Event Frequency Determination; 4.3.5. Risk Estimates; 5. Risk Assessment; 5.1. Hazard Identification and Evaluation; 5.2. Techniques Used to Evaluate Hazards to Buildings in Process Plants; 5.3. Key Factors to Consider in Process Plant Building Risk Assessments 5.3.1. Selecting Scenarios for Study5.3.2. Explosion Consequence Evaluation; 5.3.3. Fire Consequence Evaluation; 5.3.4. Frequency Evaluation; 5.4. Qualitative Risk Assessment; 5.4.1. Qualitative Consequence Evaluation; 5.4.2. Qualitative Frequency Evaluation; 5.4.3. Qualitative Risk Evaluation; 5.5. Quantitative Risk Analysis; 5.5.1. Quantitative Consequence Evaluation; 5.5.2. Quantitative Frequency Evaluation; 5.5.3. Quantitative Risk Determination; 6. Risk Management; 6.1. Risk Management Overview; 6.1.1. Managing Risk to Process Plant Buildings; 6.1.2. Deciding When to Use QRA 6.2. Reducing Risk to Buildings in Process Plants6.2.1. Functional Risk-Reduction Measures; 6.2.2. Preventive Risk-Reduction Measures; 6.2.3. Mitigative Risk-Reduction Measures; 6.2.4. Criteria for Mitigating Risk from Blast Effects; 6.2.5. Upgrading Buildings to Increase Blast Resistance; 6.3. Choosing among Risk-Reduction Alternatives; 7. Future Developments; 7.1. Definitions and Use of Building Occupancy Criteria; 7.2. Determination of Occupant Vulnerabilities as a Function of Building Damage; 7.3. Development of Generic Frequency Data to Improve Risk-Screening Tools 7.4. Development of Company-Specific Risk Tolerance Criteria |
| Record Nr. | UNISA-996212670503316 |
| New York, : Center for Chemical Process Safety of the American Institute of Chemical Engineers, c1996 | ||
| Materiale a stampa | ||
| Lo trovi qui: Univ. di Salerno | ||
| ||
Guidelines for evaluating process plant buildings for external explosions, fires, and toxic releases [[electronic resource]]
| Guidelines for evaluating process plant buildings for external explosions, fires, and toxic releases [[electronic resource]] |
| Edizione | [2nd ed.] |
| Pubbl/distr/stampa | Hoboken, N.J., : Wiley, c2012 |
| Descrizione fisica | 1 online resource (232 p.) |
| Disciplina | 660/.2804 |
| Soggetto topico |
Chemical plants - Fires and fire prevention
Explosions Chemical plants - Risk assessment Hazardous wastes |
| ISBN |
1-283-94118-X
1-118-31296-1 1-118-31298-8 1-62198-025-1 1-118-31299-6 |
| Classificazione | TEC009010 |
| Formato | Materiale a stampa |
| Livello bibliografico | Monografia |
| Lingua di pubblicazione | eng |
| Nota di contenuto |
GUIDELINES FOR EVALUATING PROCESS PLANT BUILDINGS FOR EXTERNAL EXPLOSIONS, FIRES, AND TOXIC RELEASES, Second Edition; CONTENTS; List of Figures; List of Tables; Acknowledgements; Glossary; 1 INTRODUCTION; 1.1 Objective; 1.2 Building Siting Evaluation Process; 1.3 Selection of Approach; 1.4 Background; 1.4.1 Flixborough, UK: Vapor Cloud Explosion in Chemical Plant; 1.5 Phillips, Pasadena, Texas USA: Propylene HDPE Unit VCE and BLEVEs; 1.5.1 BP, Texas City, Texas USA: Discharge from Atmospheric Vent Resulting in a VCE; 1.5.2 Hickson & Welch Ltd, Castleford, UK: Jet Fire
1.6 Evolution of Design and Siting Practices for Buildings in Process Plants1.6.1 Brief History of Building Designs; 1.6.2 Standards for Building and Equipment Siting and Separation; 1.6.3 Standards and Criteria for Building Design, and the Need for Site-Specific Evaluation; 1.7 Organization of the Book; 2 MANAGEMENT OVERVIEW; 2.1 Process Overview; 2.1.1 Explosion, Fire and Toxic Release Phenomena; 2.1.2 Statement of the Problem; 2.1.3 Analysis Approach Selection; 2.1.4 Steps in the Process; 2.2 Management Responsibilities under API RP-752 and API RP-753 2.2.1 Meeting Expectations - Management's Role in the Process2.2.2 Maintaining the Process; 3 DETERMINING THE SCOPE OF THE BUILDING SITING EVALUATION; 3.1 Introduction; 3.2 Buildings Considered; 3.2.1 Buildings Intended for Occupancy; 3.2.2 Buildings That May be Excluded from the Siting Study; 3.2.3 Buildings Evaluated on a Case-by-Case Basis; 3.3 Scenario Selection; 3.3.1 Consequence-based Scenario Selection; 3.3.2 Risk-based Scenario Selection; 3.3.3 Explosion Scenarios; 3.3.4 Fire Scenarios; 3.3.5 Toxic Scenarios; 4 BUILDING SITING EVALUATION CRITERIA; 4.1 Introduction 4.2 Occupant Vulnerability4.3 Criteria for Existing Buildings Exposed to Explosion Hazards; 4.3.1 Building Exposure Criteria for Explosion; 4.3.2 Building Consequence (Damage) Criteria; 4.4 Criteria for Fires; 4.4.1 Spacing Table Approach; 4.4.2 Building Exposure Criteria for Fire; 4.4.3 Fire Criteria Based on Occupant Vulnerability; 4.4.4 Smoke; 4.5 Criteria for Toxic Exposures; 4.5.1 Criteria Based on Presence of a Toxic Cloud; 4.5.2 Toxic Criteria Based on Occupant Exposure; 4.6 Criteria for Building Upgrades and New Buildings; 4.7 Risk Criteria; 4.7.1 Use of Individual Risk Measures 4.7.2 Use of Societal and Aggregate Risk Measures5 EXPLOSION HAZARDS; 5.1 Introduction; 5.2 Select Explosion Approach; 5.2.1 Evaluation of Existing Buildings; 5.2.2 Siting and Design of New Buildings; 5.3 Modeling and Quantifying and Explosion Hazards; 5.3.1 Vapor Cloud Explosions (VCEs); 5.3.2 Pressure Vessel Burst; 5.3.3 Boiling Liquid Expanding Vapor Explosions (BLEVEs); 5.3.4 Condensed Phase Explosions; 5.4 Building Response to Explosion Hazards; 5.4.1 General; 5.4.2 Building Damage Levels (BDLs); 5.4.3 Component Damage Levels; 5.4.4 Detailed Analysis; 5.4.5 Identifying Limiting Factors 5.5 Occupant Vulnerability to Explosion Hazards |
| Record Nr. | UNINA-9910130738903321 |
| Hoboken, N.J., : Wiley, c2012 | ||
| Materiale a stampa | ||
| Lo trovi qui: Univ. Federico II | ||
| ||
Guidelines for evaluating process plant buildings for external explosions, fires, and toxic releases [[electronic resource]]
| Guidelines for evaluating process plant buildings for external explosions, fires, and toxic releases [[electronic resource]] |
| Edizione | [2nd ed.] |
| Pubbl/distr/stampa | Hoboken, N.J., : Wiley, c2012 |
| Descrizione fisica | 1 online resource (232 p.) |
| Disciplina | 660/.2804 |
| Soggetto topico |
Chemical plants - Fires and fire prevention
Explosions Chemical plants - Risk assessment Hazardous wastes |
| ISBN |
1-283-94118-X
1-118-31296-1 1-118-31298-8 1-62198-025-1 1-118-31299-6 |
| Classificazione | TEC009010 |
| Formato | Materiale a stampa |
| Livello bibliografico | Monografia |
| Lingua di pubblicazione | eng |
| Nota di contenuto |
GUIDELINES FOR EVALUATING PROCESS PLANT BUILDINGS FOR EXTERNAL EXPLOSIONS, FIRES, AND TOXIC RELEASES, Second Edition; CONTENTS; List of Figures; List of Tables; Acknowledgements; Glossary; 1 INTRODUCTION; 1.1 Objective; 1.2 Building Siting Evaluation Process; 1.3 Selection of Approach; 1.4 Background; 1.4.1 Flixborough, UK: Vapor Cloud Explosion in Chemical Plant; 1.5 Phillips, Pasadena, Texas USA: Propylene HDPE Unit VCE and BLEVEs; 1.5.1 BP, Texas City, Texas USA: Discharge from Atmospheric Vent Resulting in a VCE; 1.5.2 Hickson & Welch Ltd, Castleford, UK: Jet Fire
1.6 Evolution of Design and Siting Practices for Buildings in Process Plants1.6.1 Brief History of Building Designs; 1.6.2 Standards for Building and Equipment Siting and Separation; 1.6.3 Standards and Criteria for Building Design, and the Need for Site-Specific Evaluation; 1.7 Organization of the Book; 2 MANAGEMENT OVERVIEW; 2.1 Process Overview; 2.1.1 Explosion, Fire and Toxic Release Phenomena; 2.1.2 Statement of the Problem; 2.1.3 Analysis Approach Selection; 2.1.4 Steps in the Process; 2.2 Management Responsibilities under API RP-752 and API RP-753 2.2.1 Meeting Expectations - Management's Role in the Process2.2.2 Maintaining the Process; 3 DETERMINING THE SCOPE OF THE BUILDING SITING EVALUATION; 3.1 Introduction; 3.2 Buildings Considered; 3.2.1 Buildings Intended for Occupancy; 3.2.2 Buildings That May be Excluded from the Siting Study; 3.2.3 Buildings Evaluated on a Case-by-Case Basis; 3.3 Scenario Selection; 3.3.1 Consequence-based Scenario Selection; 3.3.2 Risk-based Scenario Selection; 3.3.3 Explosion Scenarios; 3.3.4 Fire Scenarios; 3.3.5 Toxic Scenarios; 4 BUILDING SITING EVALUATION CRITERIA; 4.1 Introduction 4.2 Occupant Vulnerability4.3 Criteria for Existing Buildings Exposed to Explosion Hazards; 4.3.1 Building Exposure Criteria for Explosion; 4.3.2 Building Consequence (Damage) Criteria; 4.4 Criteria for Fires; 4.4.1 Spacing Table Approach; 4.4.2 Building Exposure Criteria for Fire; 4.4.3 Fire Criteria Based on Occupant Vulnerability; 4.4.4 Smoke; 4.5 Criteria for Toxic Exposures; 4.5.1 Criteria Based on Presence of a Toxic Cloud; 4.5.2 Toxic Criteria Based on Occupant Exposure; 4.6 Criteria for Building Upgrades and New Buildings; 4.7 Risk Criteria; 4.7.1 Use of Individual Risk Measures 4.7.2 Use of Societal and Aggregate Risk Measures5 EXPLOSION HAZARDS; 5.1 Introduction; 5.2 Select Explosion Approach; 5.2.1 Evaluation of Existing Buildings; 5.2.2 Siting and Design of New Buildings; 5.3 Modeling and Quantifying and Explosion Hazards; 5.3.1 Vapor Cloud Explosions (VCEs); 5.3.2 Pressure Vessel Burst; 5.3.3 Boiling Liquid Expanding Vapor Explosions (BLEVEs); 5.3.4 Condensed Phase Explosions; 5.4 Building Response to Explosion Hazards; 5.4.1 General; 5.4.2 Building Damage Levels (BDLs); 5.4.3 Component Damage Levels; 5.4.4 Detailed Analysis; 5.4.5 Identifying Limiting Factors 5.5 Occupant Vulnerability to Explosion Hazards |
| Record Nr. | UNINA-9910815770203321 |
| Hoboken, N.J., : Wiley, c2012 | ||
| Materiale a stampa | ||
| Lo trovi qui: Univ. Federico II | ||
| ||
Guidelines for fire protection in chemical, petrochemical, and hydrocarbon processing facilities [[electronic resource]]
| Guidelines for fire protection in chemical, petrochemical, and hydrocarbon processing facilities [[electronic resource]] |
| Pubbl/distr/stampa | New York, NY, : Center for Chemical Process Safety of the American Institute of Chemical Engineers, c2003 |
| Descrizione fisica | 1 online resource (482 p.) |
| Disciplina |
660.2804
660/.2804 |
| Soggetto topico |
Chemical plants - Fires and fire prevention
Chemicals - Fires and fire prevention |
| ISBN |
1-282-77417-4
9786612774171 0-470-92504-3 1-59124-664-4 0-470-92503-5 |
| Formato | Materiale a stampa |
| Livello bibliografico | Monografia |
| Lingua di pubblicazione | eng |
| Nota di contenuto |
Guidelines for Fire Protection in Chemical, Petrochemical, and Hydrocarbon Processing Facilities; CONTENTS; Preface; Acknowledgments; Acronyms; 1 Introduction; 1.1. Scope; 1.2. Who Will Benefit from This Guideline?; 1.2.1. What Is Fire Protection?; 1.2.2. Examples; 1.3. Relation to Other CCPS Guidelines and Resources; 2 Management Overview; 2.1. Management Commitment; 2.2. Integration with Other Management Systems; 2.3. Balancing Protection; 2.4. Cost-Benefit; 3 Fire Protection Strategy; 3.1. Key Factors in a Fire Protection Strategy; 3.1.1. Acceptable Loss; 3.1.2. Cost of Fires
3.1.3. Insurance Coverage3.1.4. Installed Systems versus Emergency Response; 3.1.5. Prescriptive versus Performance-Based Design; 3.2. Developing a Fire Protection Strategy; 3.3. Integration with Other Management Systems; 3.4. Integration with the Lifecycle of a Facility; 3.4.1. Design; 3.4.2. Construction and Commissioning; 3.4.3. Operations; 3.4.4. Decommissioning; 4 Overview of Fire Prevention Elements; 4.1. Audit Program; 4.1.1. The Audit Process; 4.1.2. Qualifications and Staffing; 4.1.3. Frequency of Audits; 4.1.4. Application to Fire Protection; 4.2. Layout and Spacing 4.3. Control of Ignition Sources4.3.1. Electrical Area Classification; 4.3.2. Personal Ignition Sources; 4.3.3. Hot Work; 4.3.4. Static Electricity; 4.4. Employee Training; 4.5. Housekeeping; 4.5.1. Housekeeping Program; 4.5.2. Process Area Housekeeping; 4.5.3. Dust Control; 4.5.4. Inappropriate Storage and Handling; 4.5.5. Housekeeping and Equipment; 4.5.6. Cleaning Materials; 4.6. Incident Investigation; 4.6.1. Incident Investigation Process; 4.6.2. Application to Fire Prevention; 4.7. Inherently Safer Design; 4.8. Plant Maintenance; 4.8.1. Poor Maintenance 4.8.2. Good Maintenance Program Elements4.9. Management of Change; 4.9.1. Personnel Changes; 4.9.2. Process Changes; 4.9.3. Maintenance Turnarounds; 4.10. Material Hazards; 4.10.1. Materials Hazard Evaluation Program; 4.10.2. Material Safety Data Sheets; 4.11. Alarm and Surveillance; 4.11.1. Security; 5 Fire Hazard Analysis; 5.1. Hazardous Chemicals and Processes; 5.2. Recognize What You Want to Understand; 5.3. Identification of Inventories; 5.4. Define Fire Scenarios; 5.5. Calculate Potential Fire Hazard; 5.5.1. Ignition and Combustion; 5.5.2. Heat Transfer 5.5.3. Fire Growth and Heat Release5.5.4. Solid Materials; 5.5.5. Enclosure Effects; 5.6. Flash Fires; 5.7. Fireballs; 5.8. Liquid or Pool Fires; 5.8.1. Uelease Rate; 5.8.2. Pool Size; 5.8.3. Flame Height; 5.8.4. Duration of Burning Pools; 5.8.5. Heat Transfer; 5.8.6. Convective Heat Transfer above the Plume; 5.9. Gas and Jet Fires; 5.9.1. Estimating Discharge Rates; 5.9.2. Jet Flame Size; 5.9.3. Heat Transfer; 5.9.4. Radiative Exposure; 5.10. Solid Fires; 5.11. Fire Impact to Personnel, Structures, and Equipment; 5.11.1. Impact to Personnel; 5.11.2. Impact to Structures 5.11.3. Thermal and Nonthermal Impact on Electrical and Electronic Equipment |
| Record Nr. | UNINA-9910143237903321 |
| New York, NY, : Center for Chemical Process Safety of the American Institute of Chemical Engineers, c2003 | ||
| Materiale a stampa | ||
| Lo trovi qui: Univ. Federico II | ||
| ||
Guidelines for fire protection in chemical, petrochemical, and hydrocarbon processing facilities [[electronic resource]]
| Guidelines for fire protection in chemical, petrochemical, and hydrocarbon processing facilities [[electronic resource]] |
| Pubbl/distr/stampa | New York, NY, : Center for Chemical Process Safety of the American Institute of Chemical Engineers, c2003 |
| Descrizione fisica | 1 online resource (482 p.) |
| Disciplina |
660.2804
660/.2804 |
| Soggetto topico |
Chemical plants - Fires and fire prevention
Chemicals - Fires and fire prevention |
| ISBN |
1-282-77417-4
9786612774171 0-470-92504-3 1-59124-664-4 0-470-92503-5 |
| Formato | Materiale a stampa |
| Livello bibliografico | Monografia |
| Lingua di pubblicazione | eng |
| Nota di contenuto |
Guidelines for Fire Protection in Chemical, Petrochemical, and Hydrocarbon Processing Facilities; CONTENTS; Preface; Acknowledgments; Acronyms; 1 Introduction; 1.1. Scope; 1.2. Who Will Benefit from This Guideline?; 1.2.1. What Is Fire Protection?; 1.2.2. Examples; 1.3. Relation to Other CCPS Guidelines and Resources; 2 Management Overview; 2.1. Management Commitment; 2.2. Integration with Other Management Systems; 2.3. Balancing Protection; 2.4. Cost-Benefit; 3 Fire Protection Strategy; 3.1. Key Factors in a Fire Protection Strategy; 3.1.1. Acceptable Loss; 3.1.2. Cost of Fires
3.1.3. Insurance Coverage3.1.4. Installed Systems versus Emergency Response; 3.1.5. Prescriptive versus Performance-Based Design; 3.2. Developing a Fire Protection Strategy; 3.3. Integration with Other Management Systems; 3.4. Integration with the Lifecycle of a Facility; 3.4.1. Design; 3.4.2. Construction and Commissioning; 3.4.3. Operations; 3.4.4. Decommissioning; 4 Overview of Fire Prevention Elements; 4.1. Audit Program; 4.1.1. The Audit Process; 4.1.2. Qualifications and Staffing; 4.1.3. Frequency of Audits; 4.1.4. Application to Fire Protection; 4.2. Layout and Spacing 4.3. Control of Ignition Sources4.3.1. Electrical Area Classification; 4.3.2. Personal Ignition Sources; 4.3.3. Hot Work; 4.3.4. Static Electricity; 4.4. Employee Training; 4.5. Housekeeping; 4.5.1. Housekeeping Program; 4.5.2. Process Area Housekeeping; 4.5.3. Dust Control; 4.5.4. Inappropriate Storage and Handling; 4.5.5. Housekeeping and Equipment; 4.5.6. Cleaning Materials; 4.6. Incident Investigation; 4.6.1. Incident Investigation Process; 4.6.2. Application to Fire Prevention; 4.7. Inherently Safer Design; 4.8. Plant Maintenance; 4.8.1. Poor Maintenance 4.8.2. Good Maintenance Program Elements4.9. Management of Change; 4.9.1. Personnel Changes; 4.9.2. Process Changes; 4.9.3. Maintenance Turnarounds; 4.10. Material Hazards; 4.10.1. Materials Hazard Evaluation Program; 4.10.2. Material Safety Data Sheets; 4.11. Alarm and Surveillance; 4.11.1. Security; 5 Fire Hazard Analysis; 5.1. Hazardous Chemicals and Processes; 5.2. Recognize What You Want to Understand; 5.3. Identification of Inventories; 5.4. Define Fire Scenarios; 5.5. Calculate Potential Fire Hazard; 5.5.1. Ignition and Combustion; 5.5.2. Heat Transfer 5.5.3. Fire Growth and Heat Release5.5.4. Solid Materials; 5.5.5. Enclosure Effects; 5.6. Flash Fires; 5.7. Fireballs; 5.8. Liquid or Pool Fires; 5.8.1. Uelease Rate; 5.8.2. Pool Size; 5.8.3. Flame Height; 5.8.4. Duration of Burning Pools; 5.8.5. Heat Transfer; 5.8.6. Convective Heat Transfer above the Plume; 5.9. Gas and Jet Fires; 5.9.1. Estimating Discharge Rates; 5.9.2. Jet Flame Size; 5.9.3. Heat Transfer; 5.9.4. Radiative Exposure; 5.10. Solid Fires; 5.11. Fire Impact to Personnel, Structures, and Equipment; 5.11.1. Impact to Personnel; 5.11.2. Impact to Structures 5.11.3. Thermal and Nonthermal Impact on Electrical and Electronic Equipment |
| Record Nr. | UNISA-996212662303316 |
| New York, NY, : Center for Chemical Process Safety of the American Institute of Chemical Engineers, c2003 | ||
| Materiale a stampa | ||
| Lo trovi qui: Univ. di Salerno | ||
| ||
Guidelines for fire protection in chemical, petrochemical, and hydrocarbon processing facilities [[electronic resource]]
| Guidelines for fire protection in chemical, petrochemical, and hydrocarbon processing facilities [[electronic resource]] |
| Pubbl/distr/stampa | New York, NY, : Center for Chemical Process Safety of the American Institute of Chemical Engineers, c2003 |
| Descrizione fisica | 1 online resource (482 p.) |
| Disciplina |
660.2804
660/.2804 |
| Soggetto topico |
Chemical plants - Fires and fire prevention
Chemicals - Fires and fire prevention |
| ISBN |
1-282-77417-4
9786612774171 0-470-92504-3 1-59124-664-4 0-470-92503-5 |
| Formato | Materiale a stampa |
| Livello bibliografico | Monografia |
| Lingua di pubblicazione | eng |
| Nota di contenuto |
Guidelines for Fire Protection in Chemical, Petrochemical, and Hydrocarbon Processing Facilities; CONTENTS; Preface; Acknowledgments; Acronyms; 1 Introduction; 1.1. Scope; 1.2. Who Will Benefit from This Guideline?; 1.2.1. What Is Fire Protection?; 1.2.2. Examples; 1.3. Relation to Other CCPS Guidelines and Resources; 2 Management Overview; 2.1. Management Commitment; 2.2. Integration with Other Management Systems; 2.3. Balancing Protection; 2.4. Cost-Benefit; 3 Fire Protection Strategy; 3.1. Key Factors in a Fire Protection Strategy; 3.1.1. Acceptable Loss; 3.1.2. Cost of Fires
3.1.3. Insurance Coverage3.1.4. Installed Systems versus Emergency Response; 3.1.5. Prescriptive versus Performance-Based Design; 3.2. Developing a Fire Protection Strategy; 3.3. Integration with Other Management Systems; 3.4. Integration with the Lifecycle of a Facility; 3.4.1. Design; 3.4.2. Construction and Commissioning; 3.4.3. Operations; 3.4.4. Decommissioning; 4 Overview of Fire Prevention Elements; 4.1. Audit Program; 4.1.1. The Audit Process; 4.1.2. Qualifications and Staffing; 4.1.3. Frequency of Audits; 4.1.4. Application to Fire Protection; 4.2. Layout and Spacing 4.3. Control of Ignition Sources4.3.1. Electrical Area Classification; 4.3.2. Personal Ignition Sources; 4.3.3. Hot Work; 4.3.4. Static Electricity; 4.4. Employee Training; 4.5. Housekeeping; 4.5.1. Housekeeping Program; 4.5.2. Process Area Housekeeping; 4.5.3. Dust Control; 4.5.4. Inappropriate Storage and Handling; 4.5.5. Housekeeping and Equipment; 4.5.6. Cleaning Materials; 4.6. Incident Investigation; 4.6.1. Incident Investigation Process; 4.6.2. Application to Fire Prevention; 4.7. Inherently Safer Design; 4.8. Plant Maintenance; 4.8.1. Poor Maintenance 4.8.2. Good Maintenance Program Elements4.9. Management of Change; 4.9.1. Personnel Changes; 4.9.2. Process Changes; 4.9.3. Maintenance Turnarounds; 4.10. Material Hazards; 4.10.1. Materials Hazard Evaluation Program; 4.10.2. Material Safety Data Sheets; 4.11. Alarm and Surveillance; 4.11.1. Security; 5 Fire Hazard Analysis; 5.1. Hazardous Chemicals and Processes; 5.2. Recognize What You Want to Understand; 5.3. Identification of Inventories; 5.4. Define Fire Scenarios; 5.5. Calculate Potential Fire Hazard; 5.5.1. Ignition and Combustion; 5.5.2. Heat Transfer 5.5.3. Fire Growth and Heat Release5.5.4. Solid Materials; 5.5.5. Enclosure Effects; 5.6. Flash Fires; 5.7. Fireballs; 5.8. Liquid or Pool Fires; 5.8.1. Uelease Rate; 5.8.2. Pool Size; 5.8.3. Flame Height; 5.8.4. Duration of Burning Pools; 5.8.5. Heat Transfer; 5.8.6. Convective Heat Transfer above the Plume; 5.9. Gas and Jet Fires; 5.9.1. Estimating Discharge Rates; 5.9.2. Jet Flame Size; 5.9.3. Heat Transfer; 5.9.4. Radiative Exposure; 5.10. Solid Fires; 5.11. Fire Impact to Personnel, Structures, and Equipment; 5.11.1. Impact to Personnel; 5.11.2. Impact to Structures 5.11.3. Thermal and Nonthermal Impact on Electrical and Electronic Equipment |
| Record Nr. | UNINA-9910830023703321 |
| New York, NY, : Center for Chemical Process Safety of the American Institute of Chemical Engineers, c2003 | ||
| Materiale a stampa | ||
| Lo trovi qui: Univ. Federico II | ||
| ||
Guidelines for fire protection in chemical, petrochemical, and hydrocarbon processing facilities [[electronic resource]]
| Guidelines for fire protection in chemical, petrochemical, and hydrocarbon processing facilities [[electronic resource]] |
| Pubbl/distr/stampa | New York, NY, : Center for Chemical Process Safety of the American Institute of Chemical Engineers, c2003 |
| Descrizione fisica | 1 online resource (482 p.) |
| Disciplina |
660.2804
660/.2804 |
| Soggetto topico |
Chemical plants - Fires and fire prevention
Chemicals - Fires and fire prevention |
| ISBN |
1-282-77417-4
9786612774171 0-470-92504-3 1-59124-664-4 0-470-92503-5 |
| Formato | Materiale a stampa |
| Livello bibliografico | Monografia |
| Lingua di pubblicazione | eng |
| Nota di contenuto |
Guidelines for Fire Protection in Chemical, Petrochemical, and Hydrocarbon Processing Facilities; CONTENTS; Preface; Acknowledgments; Acronyms; 1 Introduction; 1.1. Scope; 1.2. Who Will Benefit from This Guideline?; 1.2.1. What Is Fire Protection?; 1.2.2. Examples; 1.3. Relation to Other CCPS Guidelines and Resources; 2 Management Overview; 2.1. Management Commitment; 2.2. Integration with Other Management Systems; 2.3. Balancing Protection; 2.4. Cost-Benefit; 3 Fire Protection Strategy; 3.1. Key Factors in a Fire Protection Strategy; 3.1.1. Acceptable Loss; 3.1.2. Cost of Fires
3.1.3. Insurance Coverage3.1.4. Installed Systems versus Emergency Response; 3.1.5. Prescriptive versus Performance-Based Design; 3.2. Developing a Fire Protection Strategy; 3.3. Integration with Other Management Systems; 3.4. Integration with the Lifecycle of a Facility; 3.4.1. Design; 3.4.2. Construction and Commissioning; 3.4.3. Operations; 3.4.4. Decommissioning; 4 Overview of Fire Prevention Elements; 4.1. Audit Program; 4.1.1. The Audit Process; 4.1.2. Qualifications and Staffing; 4.1.3. Frequency of Audits; 4.1.4. Application to Fire Protection; 4.2. Layout and Spacing 4.3. Control of Ignition Sources4.3.1. Electrical Area Classification; 4.3.2. Personal Ignition Sources; 4.3.3. Hot Work; 4.3.4. Static Electricity; 4.4. Employee Training; 4.5. Housekeeping; 4.5.1. Housekeeping Program; 4.5.2. Process Area Housekeeping; 4.5.3. Dust Control; 4.5.4. Inappropriate Storage and Handling; 4.5.5. Housekeeping and Equipment; 4.5.6. Cleaning Materials; 4.6. Incident Investigation; 4.6.1. Incident Investigation Process; 4.6.2. Application to Fire Prevention; 4.7. Inherently Safer Design; 4.8. Plant Maintenance; 4.8.1. Poor Maintenance 4.8.2. Good Maintenance Program Elements4.9. Management of Change; 4.9.1. Personnel Changes; 4.9.2. Process Changes; 4.9.3. Maintenance Turnarounds; 4.10. Material Hazards; 4.10.1. Materials Hazard Evaluation Program; 4.10.2. Material Safety Data Sheets; 4.11. Alarm and Surveillance; 4.11.1. Security; 5 Fire Hazard Analysis; 5.1. Hazardous Chemicals and Processes; 5.2. Recognize What You Want to Understand; 5.3. Identification of Inventories; 5.4. Define Fire Scenarios; 5.5. Calculate Potential Fire Hazard; 5.5.1. Ignition and Combustion; 5.5.2. Heat Transfer 5.5.3. Fire Growth and Heat Release5.5.4. Solid Materials; 5.5.5. Enclosure Effects; 5.6. Flash Fires; 5.7. Fireballs; 5.8. Liquid or Pool Fires; 5.8.1. Uelease Rate; 5.8.2. Pool Size; 5.8.3. Flame Height; 5.8.4. Duration of Burning Pools; 5.8.5. Heat Transfer; 5.8.6. Convective Heat Transfer above the Plume; 5.9. Gas and Jet Fires; 5.9.1. Estimating Discharge Rates; 5.9.2. Jet Flame Size; 5.9.3. Heat Transfer; 5.9.4. Radiative Exposure; 5.10. Solid Fires; 5.11. Fire Impact to Personnel, Structures, and Equipment; 5.11.1. Impact to Personnel; 5.11.2. Impact to Structures 5.11.3. Thermal and Nonthermal Impact on Electrical and Electronic Equipment |
| Record Nr. | UNINA-9910841638303321 |
| New York, NY, : Center for Chemical Process Safety of the American Institute of Chemical Engineers, c2003 | ||
| Materiale a stampa | ||
| Lo trovi qui: Univ. Federico II | ||
| ||
Guidelines for vapor cloud explosion, pressure vessel burst, BLEVE, and flash fire hazards
| Guidelines for vapor cloud explosion, pressure vessel burst, BLEVE, and flash fire hazards |
| Edizione | [2nd ed.] |
| Pubbl/distr/stampa | Hoboken, New Jersey : , : Wiley, , 2010 |
| Descrizione fisica | 1 online resource (458 p.) |
| Disciplina |
660.2804
660/.2804 |
| Collana | CCPS concept book Guidelines for vapor cloud explosion, pressure vessel burst, BLEVE, and flash fire hazards. |
| Soggetto topico |
Chemical plants - Fires and fire prevention
Chemical plants - Safety measures Pressure vessels - Safety measures Chemicals - Fires and fire prevention Explosions - Prevention |
| Soggetto genere / forma | Electronic books. |
| ISBN |
1-118-20987-7
1-283-37163-4 9786613371638 0-470-64043-X 1-61583-627-6 0-470-64044-8 |
| Formato | Materiale a stampa |
| Livello bibliografico | Monografia |
| Lingua di pubblicazione | eng |
| Nota di contenuto |
Guidelines for Vapor Cloud Explosion, Pressure Vessel Burst, BLEVE, and Flash Fire Hazards; CONTENTS; List of Tables; List of Figures; Glossary; Acknowledgements; 1. INTRODUCTION; 2. MANAGEMENT OVERVIEW; 2.1. Flash Fires; 2.2. Vapor Cloud Explosions; 2.3. Pressure Vessel Bursts; 2.4. BLEVEs; 2.5. Prediction methodologies; 3. CASE HISTORIES; 3.1. Historical experience; 3.2. Flash fires; 3.2.1. Donnellson, Iowa, USA: Propane Fire; 3.2.2. Lynchburg, Virginia, USA: Propane Fire; 3.2.3. Quantum Chemicals, Morris, Illinois, USA: Olefins Unit Flash Fire; 3.3. Vapor Cloud Explosions
3.3.1. Flixborough, UK: Vapor Cloud Explosion in Chemical Plant3.3.2. Port Hudson, Missouri, USA: Vapor Cloud Explosion after Propane Pipeline Failure; 3.3.3. Jackass Flats, Nevada, USA: Hydrogen-Air Explosion during Experiment; 3.3.4. Ufa, West-Siberia, USSR: Pipeline Rupture Resulting In a VCE; 3.3.5. Phillips, Pasadena, Texas USA: Propylene HDPE Unit VCE and BLEVEs; 3.3.6. BP, Texas City, Texas USA: Discharge from Atmospheric Vent Resulting in a VCE; 3.4. Pressure Vessel Burst; 3.4.1. Kaiser Aluminum, Gramercy, Louisiana USA: Alumina Process Pressure Vessel Burst 3.4.2. Union Carbide Seadrift, Texas USA: Ethylene Oxide Distillation Column Pressure Vessel Burst3.4.3. Dana Corporation, Paris, Tennessee USA: Boiler Pressure Vessel Burst; 3.5. BLEVE; 3.5.1. Procter and Gamble, Worms, Germany: Liquid CO2 Storage Vessel Explosion; 3.5.2. San Juan Ixhuatepec, Mexico City, Mexico: Series of BLEVEs at LPG Storage Facility; 3.5.3. San Carlos de la Rapita, Spain: Propylene Tank Truck Failure; 3.5.4. Crescent City, Illinois, USA: LPG Rail Car Derailment; 3.5.5. Kingman, Arizona USA: LPG Railroad Tank Car BLEVE; 4. BASIC CONCEPTS 4.1. Atmospheric Vapor Cloud Dispersion4.2. Ignition; 4.3. Thermal Radiation; 4.3.1. Point-Source Model; 4.3.2. Solid-Flame Model; 4.4. Explosions - VCE; 4.4.1. Deflagration; 4.4.2. Detonation; 4.5. Blast Effects; 4.5.1. Manifestation; 4.5.2. Blast Loading; 4.5.3. Ground Reflection; 4.5.4. Blast Scaling; 5. FLASH FIRES; 5.1. Overview of Experimental Research; 5.1.1. China Lake and Frenchmen Flats cryogenic liquid tests; 5.1.2. Maplin Sands Tests; 5.1.3. Musselbanks Propane Tests; 5.1.4. HSE LPG Tests of Flash Fires and Jet Fires; 5.2. Flash-Fire Radiation Models; 5.3. Sample Calculations 6. VAPOR CLOUD EXPLOSIONS6.1. Introduction; 6.1.1. Organization of Chapter; 6.1.2. VCE Phenomena; 6.1.3. Definition of VCE; 6.1.4. Confinement and Congestion; 6.2. Vapor Cloud Deflagration Theory and Research; 6.2.1. Laminar Burning Velocity and Flame Speed; 6.2.2. Mechanisms of Flame Acceleration; 6.2.3. Effect of Fuel Reactivity; 6.2.4. Effect of Confinement; 6.2.5. Effect of Congestion; 6.2.6. Effects of Other Factors; 6.2.7. University of Leeds Correlation; 6.2.8. TOO GAME Correlation; 6.2.9. Shell CAM Correlation; 6.3. Vapor Cloud Detonation Theory and Research 6.3.1. Direct Initiation of Vapor Cloud Detonations |
| Record Nr. | UNINA-9910139403303321 |
| Hoboken, New Jersey : , : Wiley, , 2010 | ||
| Materiale a stampa | ||
| Lo trovi qui: Univ. Federico II | ||
| ||
Guidelines for vapor cloud explosion, pressure vessel burst, BLEVE, and flash fire hazards
| Guidelines for vapor cloud explosion, pressure vessel burst, BLEVE, and flash fire hazards |
| Edizione | [2nd ed.] |
| Pubbl/distr/stampa | Hoboken, New Jersey : , : Wiley, , 2010 |
| Descrizione fisica | 1 online resource (458 p.) |
| Disciplina |
660.2804
660/.2804 |
| Collana | CCPS concept book Guidelines for vapor cloud explosion, pressure vessel burst, BLEVE, and flash fire hazards. |
| Soggetto topico |
Chemical plants - Fires and fire prevention
Chemical plants - Safety measures Pressure vessels - Safety measures Chemicals - Fires and fire prevention Explosions - Prevention |
| ISBN |
1-118-20987-7
1-283-37163-4 9786613371638 0-470-64043-X 1-61583-627-6 0-470-64044-8 |
| Formato | Materiale a stampa |
| Livello bibliografico | Monografia |
| Lingua di pubblicazione | eng |
| Nota di contenuto |
Guidelines for Vapor Cloud Explosion, Pressure Vessel Burst, BLEVE, and Flash Fire Hazards; CONTENTS; List of Tables; List of Figures; Glossary; Acknowledgements; 1. INTRODUCTION; 2. MANAGEMENT OVERVIEW; 2.1. Flash Fires; 2.2. Vapor Cloud Explosions; 2.3. Pressure Vessel Bursts; 2.4. BLEVEs; 2.5. Prediction methodologies; 3. CASE HISTORIES; 3.1. Historical experience; 3.2. Flash fires; 3.2.1. Donnellson, Iowa, USA: Propane Fire; 3.2.2. Lynchburg, Virginia, USA: Propane Fire; 3.2.3. Quantum Chemicals, Morris, Illinois, USA: Olefins Unit Flash Fire; 3.3. Vapor Cloud Explosions
3.3.1. Flixborough, UK: Vapor Cloud Explosion in Chemical Plant3.3.2. Port Hudson, Missouri, USA: Vapor Cloud Explosion after Propane Pipeline Failure; 3.3.3. Jackass Flats, Nevada, USA: Hydrogen-Air Explosion during Experiment; 3.3.4. Ufa, West-Siberia, USSR: Pipeline Rupture Resulting In a VCE; 3.3.5. Phillips, Pasadena, Texas USA: Propylene HDPE Unit VCE and BLEVEs; 3.3.6. BP, Texas City, Texas USA: Discharge from Atmospheric Vent Resulting in a VCE; 3.4. Pressure Vessel Burst; 3.4.1. Kaiser Aluminum, Gramercy, Louisiana USA: Alumina Process Pressure Vessel Burst 3.4.2. Union Carbide Seadrift, Texas USA: Ethylene Oxide Distillation Column Pressure Vessel Burst3.4.3. Dana Corporation, Paris, Tennessee USA: Boiler Pressure Vessel Burst; 3.5. BLEVE; 3.5.1. Procter and Gamble, Worms, Germany: Liquid CO2 Storage Vessel Explosion; 3.5.2. San Juan Ixhuatepec, Mexico City, Mexico: Series of BLEVEs at LPG Storage Facility; 3.5.3. San Carlos de la Rapita, Spain: Propylene Tank Truck Failure; 3.5.4. Crescent City, Illinois, USA: LPG Rail Car Derailment; 3.5.5. Kingman, Arizona USA: LPG Railroad Tank Car BLEVE; 4. BASIC CONCEPTS 4.1. Atmospheric Vapor Cloud Dispersion4.2. Ignition; 4.3. Thermal Radiation; 4.3.1. Point-Source Model; 4.3.2. Solid-Flame Model; 4.4. Explosions - VCE; 4.4.1. Deflagration; 4.4.2. Detonation; 4.5. Blast Effects; 4.5.1. Manifestation; 4.5.2. Blast Loading; 4.5.3. Ground Reflection; 4.5.4. Blast Scaling; 5. FLASH FIRES; 5.1. Overview of Experimental Research; 5.1.1. China Lake and Frenchmen Flats cryogenic liquid tests; 5.1.2. Maplin Sands Tests; 5.1.3. Musselbanks Propane Tests; 5.1.4. HSE LPG Tests of Flash Fires and Jet Fires; 5.2. Flash-Fire Radiation Models; 5.3. Sample Calculations 6. VAPOR CLOUD EXPLOSIONS6.1. Introduction; 6.1.1. Organization of Chapter; 6.1.2. VCE Phenomena; 6.1.3. Definition of VCE; 6.1.4. Confinement and Congestion; 6.2. Vapor Cloud Deflagration Theory and Research; 6.2.1. Laminar Burning Velocity and Flame Speed; 6.2.2. Mechanisms of Flame Acceleration; 6.2.3. Effect of Fuel Reactivity; 6.2.4. Effect of Confinement; 6.2.5. Effect of Congestion; 6.2.6. Effects of Other Factors; 6.2.7. University of Leeds Correlation; 6.2.8. TOO GAME Correlation; 6.2.9. Shell CAM Correlation; 6.3. Vapor Cloud Detonation Theory and Research 6.3.1. Direct Initiation of Vapor Cloud Detonations |
| Record Nr. | UNINA-9910830788803321 |
| Hoboken, New Jersey : , : Wiley, , 2010 | ||
| Materiale a stampa | ||
| Lo trovi qui: Univ. Federico II | ||
| ||
Handbook of fire and explosion protection engineering principles / / Dennis P. Nolan
| Handbook of fire and explosion protection engineering principles / / Dennis P. Nolan |
| Autore | Nolan Dennis P. |
| Edizione | [Third edition.] |
| Pubbl/distr/stampa | Kidlington, England : , : William Andrew, , 2014 |
| Descrizione fisica | 1 online resource (487 p.) |
| Disciplina | 660.2804 |
| Soggetto topico |
Chemical plants - Fires and fire prevention
Petroleum refineries - Fires and fire prevention Explosions Explosions - Safety measures |
| Soggetto genere / forma | Electronic books. |
| ISBN | 0-323-31144-X |
| Formato | Materiale a stampa |
| Livello bibliografico | Monografia |
| Lingua di pubblicazione | eng |
| Nota di contenuto |
Half Title; Title Page; Copyright; Dedication; Contents; About the Author; Preface; 1 Historical Background, Legal Influences, Management Responsibility, and Safety Culture; 1.1. Historical Background; 1.2. Legal Influences; 1.2.1 Occupational Safety and Health Administration (OSHA); 1.2.2 Chemical Safety and Hazard Investigation Board (CSB); 1.2.3 DOT/PIPA Guidelines; 1.2.4 BSEE, Safety and Environmental Management Systems; 1.2.5 National Institute of Occupational Safety and Health (NIOSH); 1.2.6 Security Vulnerability Assessment (SVA) Regulation
1.2.7 US Presidential Executive Orders (13605 and 13650)1.3. Hazards and Their Prevention; 1.4. Systems Approach; 1.5. Fire Protection Engineering Role/Design Team; 1.5.1 Risk Management and Insurance; 1.6. Senior Management's Responsibility and Accountability; 1.6.1 Achieving a World Class Organizational Safety Culture; 1.7. Operational Excellence; 1.7.1 Typical OE Elements; Further Reading; 2 Overview of Oil, Gas, and Petrochemical Facilities; 2.1. Exploration; 2.2. Production; 2.3. Enhanced Oil Recovery; 2.4. Secondary Recovery; 2.5. Tertiary Recovery; 2.6. Transportation; 2.7. Refining 2.7.1 Basic Distillation2.7.2 Thermal Cracking; 2.7.3 Alkylation and Catalytic Cracking; 2.7.4 Purification; 2.8. Typical Refinery Process Flow; 2.8.1 Production Percentages; 2.9. Marketing; 2.10. Chemical Processes; Further Reading; 3 Philosophy of Protection Principles; 3.1. Legal Obligations; 3.1.1 Occupational Safety and Health Administration (OSHA); 3.1.2 Environmental Protection Agency (EPA); 3.2. Insurance Recommendations; 3.3. Company and Industry Standards; 3.3.1 General Philosophy; 3.4. Worst Case Condition; 3.4.1 Ambient Conditions; 3.5. Independent Layers of Protection (ILP) 3.6. Design Principles3.7. Accountability and Auditability; Further Reading; 4 Physical Properties of Hydrocarbons and Petrochemicals; 4.1. General Description of Hydrocarbons; 4.1.1 Alkene Series; 4.1.2 Alkyne Series; 4.1.3 Cyclic Hydrocarbons; 4.2. Characteristics of Hydrocarbons; 4.2.1 Lower Explosive Limit (LEL) and Upper Explosive Limit (UEL); 4.3. Flash Point (FP); 4.4. Autoignition Temperature (AIT); 4.5. Vapor Density Ratio; 4.6. Vapor Pressure; 4.7. Specific Gravity; 4.8. Flammable; 4.9. Combustible; 4.10. Heat of Combustion; 4.10.1 Description of Some Common Hydrocarbons 4.10.1.1 Natural Gas4.10.1.2 Crude Oil; 4.10.1.3 Methane; 4.10.1.4 LNG, Liquefied Natural Gas; 4.10.1.5 Ethane; 4.10.1.6 Propane; 4.10.1.7 Butane; 4.10.1.8 LPG, Liquefied Petroleum Gas; 4.10.1.9 Gasoline; 4.10.1.10 Condensate; 4.10.1.11 Gas and Fuel Oils; 4.10.1.12 Kerosene; 4.10.1.13 Diesel; 4.10.1.14 Fuel Oils #4, 5, and 6; 4.10.1.15 Lubricating Oils and Greases; 4.10.1.16 Asphalt; 4.10.1.17 Wax; 4.10.2 Description of Common Petrochemicals Used in the Petrochemical Industry; 4.10.2.1 Aromatics; 4.10.2.2 Olefins/Alkenes; 4.10.2.3 Chemical Compound Concerns; Further Reading 5 Characteristics of Hazardous Material Releases, Fires, and Explosions |
| Record Nr. | UNINA-9910464854003321 |
Nolan Dennis P.
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| Kidlington, England : , : William Andrew, , 2014 | ||
| Materiale a stampa | ||
| Lo trovi qui: Univ. Federico II | ||
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