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Amino acids in human nutrition and health / / edited by J.P.F. D'Mello
| Amino acids in human nutrition and health / / edited by J.P.F. D'Mello |
| Pubbl/distr/stampa | Wallingford, Oxfordshire ; ; Cambridge, MA, : CABI, c2012 |
| Descrizione fisica | 1 online resource (578 p.) |
| Disciplina | 612.015756 |
| Altri autori (Persone) | D'MelloJ. P. Felix |
| Soggetto topico |
Amino acids in human nutrition
Amino acids - Metabolism |
| ISBN |
1-283-42582-3
9786613425829 1-84593-901-8 |
| Formato | Materiale a stampa  |
| Livello bibliografico | Monografia |
| Lingua di pubblicazione | eng |
| Nota di contenuto |
Contents; Contributors; Preface; Glossary; A; B; C; D; E; F; G; H; I; J; K; L; M; N; O; P; R; S; T; U; V; W; PART I: ENZYMES AND METABOLISM; 1 Glutamate Dehydrogenase; 1.1 Abstract; 1.2 Introduction; 1.3 GDH in Animals; 1.4 Active Site; 1.5 Role of GDH in Insulin Homeostasis; 1.6 Evolution of GDH Allostery; 1.7 Conclusions; 1.8 Acknowledgements; 2 Aminotransferases; 2.1 Abstract; 2.2 Introduction; 2.3 The Role of Aminotransferases in Brain Metabolism; 2.4 Alanine Aminotransferases and Glutamate
2.5 Aspartate Aminotransferases and their Role in the Malate-Aspartate Shuttle and Glutamate Metabolism2.6 Pathological Conditions Resulting from Impaired Aminotransferase Metabolism; 2.7 Aminotransferase Proteins as Biomarkers of Disease; 2.8 Conclusions and Future Directions; 3 Arginase; 3.1 Abstract; 3.2 Introduction; 3.3 Isoforms and Distribution; 3.4 Structure and Location of Arginase; 3.5 Involvement of Arginase in Health and Disease; 3.6 Regulation of Activity; 3.7 Arginase Inhibitors; 3.8 Conclusions 4 Bypassing the Endothelial L-Arginine-Nitric Oxide Pathway: Effects of Dietary Nitrite and Nitrate on Cardiovascular Function4.1 Abstract; 4.2 Introduction; 4.3 L-Arginine: A Semi-Essential Amino Acid in Human Physiology; 4.4 L-Arginine is the Substrate of the Nitric Oxide Synthases: The L-Arginine-Nitric Oxide Pathway; 4.5 L-Arginine in Cardiovascular Disease: Perspectives and Limitations; 4.6 Nitric Oxide Generation without NO-Synthase? Bypassing the L-Arginine Pathway; 4.7 The Nitrate-Nitrite-Nitric Oxide Pathway; 4.8 Effects of Nitrite and Nitrate in Human Physiology 4.9 Dietary Nitrate and Nitrite4.10 Conclusions; 4.11 Acknowledgements; 5 Histidine Decarboxylase; 5.1 Abstract; 5.2 Introduction; 5.3 Histidine Decarboxylase Enzyme; 5.4 Histidine Decarboxylase Gene; 5.5 Pharmacological Inhibition; 5.6 mRNA Antisense and Gene Knockout; 5.7 Neurophysiology and Behaviour; 5.8 Summary and Conclusions; 5.9 Acknowledgements; 6 Glutamate Decarboxylase; 6.1 Abstract; 6.2 Introduction; 6.3 Distribution of GABA; 6.4 GAD 65 in Blood Leucocytes; 6.5 Taste Signalling; 6.6 Suggestions for Future Research; 6.7 Conclusions; 6.8 Acknowledgements; 7 Glutaminase; 7.1 Abstract 7.2 Introduction7.3 Mammalian Glutaminase Genes and Transcripts; 7.4 Mammalian Glutaminase Enzymes; 7.5 Glutaminase Expression in Mammalian Brain; 7.6 State of Art and Perspectives; 7.7 Conclusions; 7.8 Acknowledgements; 8 D-Serine and Serine Racemase in the Retina; 8.1 Abstract; 8.2 Introduction; 8.3 NMDA Receptor and D-serine as a Co-agonist; 8.4 D-Serine in the Retina; 8.5 Mechanisms of D-Serine Uptake in the Retina; 8.6 D-Serine and Serine Racemase in Retinal Neurons; 8.7 Role of D-Serine in the Retina; 8.8 Role of D-Serine and Serine Racemase in Neuronal Cell Death; 8.9 Conclusions 8.10 Acknowledgements |
| Record Nr. | UNINA-9910627299803321 |
| Wallingford, Oxfordshire ; ; Cambridge, MA, : CABI, c2012 | ||
| Materiale a stampa | ||
| Lo trovi qui: Univ. Federico II | ||
| ||
The role of protein and amino acids in sustaining and enhancing performance [[electronic resource] /] / Committee on Military Nutrition Research, Committee on Body Composition, Nutrition and Health, Food and Nutrition Board, Institute of Medicine
| The role of protein and amino acids in sustaining and enhancing performance [[electronic resource] /] / Committee on Military Nutrition Research, Committee on Body Composition, Nutrition and Health, Food and Nutrition Board, Institute of Medicine |
| Pubbl/distr/stampa | Washington, D.C., : National Academy Press, 1999 |
| Descrizione fisica | 1 online resource (447 p.) |
| Disciplina | 612.3/98 |
| Soggetto topico |
Proteins in human nutrition
Amino acids in human nutrition Soldiers - United States - Nutrition |
| Soggetto genere / forma | Electronic books. |
| ISBN |
1-280-21038-9
9786610210381 0-309-58119-2 0-585-13577-0 |
| Formato | Materiale a stampa |
| Livello bibliografico | Monografia |
| Lingua di pubblicazione | eng |
| Record Nr. | UNINA-9910455852003321 |
| Washington, D.C., : National Academy Press, 1999 | ||
| Materiale a stampa | ||
| Lo trovi qui: Univ. Federico II | ||
| ||
The role of protein and amino acids in sustaining and enhancing performance [[electronic resource] /] / Committee on Military Nutrition Research, Committee on Body Composition, Nutrition and Health, Food and Nutrition Board, Institute of Medicine
| The role of protein and amino acids in sustaining and enhancing performance [[electronic resource] /] / Committee on Military Nutrition Research, Committee on Body Composition, Nutrition and Health, Food and Nutrition Board, Institute of Medicine |
| Pubbl/distr/stampa | Washington, D.C., : National Academy Press, 1999 |
| Descrizione fisica | 1 online resource (447 p.) |
| Disciplina | 612.3/98 |
| Soggetto topico |
Proteins in human nutrition
Amino acids in human nutrition Soldiers - United States - Nutrition |
| ISBN |
0-309-17281-0
1-280-21038-9 9786610210381 0-309-58119-2 0-585-13577-0 |
| Formato | Materiale a stampa |
| Livello bibliografico | Monografia |
| Lingua di pubblicazione | eng |
| Record Nr. | UNINA-9910778758003321 |
| Washington, D.C., : National Academy Press, 1999 | ||
| Materiale a stampa | ||
| Lo trovi qui: Univ. Federico II | ||
| ||
The role of protein and amino acids in sustaining and enhancing performance / / Committee on Military Nutrition Research, Committee on Body Composition, Nutrition and Health, Food and Nutrition Board, Institute of Medicine
| The role of protein and amino acids in sustaining and enhancing performance / / Committee on Military Nutrition Research, Committee on Body Composition, Nutrition and Health, Food and Nutrition Board, Institute of Medicine |
| Edizione | [1st ed.] |
| Pubbl/distr/stampa | Washington, D.C., : National Academy Press, 1999 |
| Descrizione fisica | 1 online resource (447 p.) |
| Disciplina | 612.3/98 |
| Soggetto topico |
Proteins in human nutrition
Amino acids in human nutrition Soldiers - United States - Nutrition |
| ISBN |
0-309-17281-0
1-280-21038-9 9786610210381 0-309-58119-2 0-585-13577-0 |
| Formato | Materiale a stampa |
| Livello bibliografico | Monografia |
| Lingua di pubblicazione | eng |
| Nota di contenuto |
The Role of Protein and Amino Acids in Sustaining and Enhancing Performance -- Copyright -- Preface -- HISTORY OF THE COMMITTEE -- FOCUS OF THE REPORT -- ORGANIZATION OF THE REPORT -- ACKNOWLEDGMENTS -- Contents -- Executive Summary -- COMMITTEE'S TASK -- METHODS -- FINDINGS -- Effect of Stressors on Protein Requirements of Military Personnel -- Baseline Protein and Amino Acid Requirements -- Physical Activity -- Infection, Injury, and Illness -- Other Stressors -- THE MRDA FOR PROTEIN -- Pregnancy and Lactation -- Benefits and Risks of Protein and Amino Acid Supplements and Alternative Sources of Dietary Protein -- Protein and Amino Acid Supplements and Cognitive Performance -- Protein, Amino Acids, Muscle Mass, and Physical Performance -- Protein, Amino Acids, and Immune Function -- Issues of Protein Quality and Timing of Consumption -- Dietary Protein and Renal Function -- Dietary Protein and Calcium Status -- Amino Acid Toxicity -- Protein and Amino Acid Supplements and Pregnancy -- CONCLUSIONS AND RECOMMENDATIONS -- Effects of Stressors on Protein Requirements -- Military Recommended Dietary Allowances for Protein -- Benefits and Risks of Supplemental Protein, Amine Acids, and Alternative Sources of Dietary Protein -- REFERENCES -- I Committee Summary and Recommendations -- 1 Committee Overview -- INTRODUCTION -- THE ARMY'S INTEREST IN DIETARY PROTEIN AND PROTEIN BALANCE -- ESTIMATION OF PROTEIN REQUIREMENTS -- Protein Metabolism -- Methods for Assessment of Protein Requirements -- FAO/WHO/UNU Requirements and RDAs: Current Estimates of Average Protein Intake -- Importance of the Debate over Indispensable Amino Acid Requirements -- Argument for Higher Indispensable Amine Acid Requirements -- Argument Against Higher Indispensable Amino Acid Requirements -- The Rebuttal -- Resolution of the Debate.
STRESSORS THAT INFLUENCE PROTEIN REQUIREMENTS -- Physical Activity and Energy Restriction -- Exercise and Amino Acid Catabolism -- Contractile Activity and Muscle Protein Turnover -- Energy Balance and Protein Requirements -- Infection, Injury, and Illness -- Other Stressors -- Heat -- Cold and High Altitude -- Combined Stressors -- THE MRDA FOR PROTEIN -- Protein Intake Studies of Military Personnel -- Pregnancy, Lactation, and the MRDA for Protein -- Summary -- PERFORMANCE BENEFITS AND HEALTH RISKS OF SUPPLEMENTAL PROTEIN, AMINOACIDS, AND PLANT PROTEINS -- Supplement Use Among Army Personnel -- Protein and Amine Acid Supplements and Cognitive Performance -- Tryptophan -- Tyrosine -- Protein, Amino Acids, Muscle Mass, and Physical Performance -- Measurement of Muscle Mass -- Control of Muscle Mass and Function -- Hormonal Interactions -- Catabolic Hormones -- Effects of Protein, Energy, and Amine Acid Supplementation on Physical Performance -- Protein and Energy Intake in Long-Distance Cyclists -- The Fatigue Theory -- Amine Acids and Immune Function -- Issues of Protein Quality and Timing of Consumption -- Potential Benefits of Plant and Legume Proteins -- Effects of Timing of Protein Intake -- Risks Associated with High-Protein Diets and Supplements -- Protein and Renal Function -- Protein and Calcium Status -- Toxicity of Amino Acid Supplements -- REFERENCES -- 2 Responses to Questions, Conclusions, and Recommendations -- REFERENCES -- II AUTHORED PAPERS AND WORKSHOP DISCUSSIONS -- 3 Protein and Amino Acids: Physiological Optimization for Current and Future Military Operational Scenarios -- INTRODUCTION -- REFERENCES -- 4 Overview of Garrison, Field, and Supplemental Protein Intake by U.S. Military Personnel -- INTRODUCTION -- PROTEIN AVAILABILITY FROM OPERATIONAL RATIONS -- HISTORIC RATION INTAKE -- CURRENT RATION INTAKE. Energy and Protein Intakes of Military Men -- Energy and Protein Intakes of Military Women -- DETERMINATION OF PROTEIN REQUIREMENTS FOR OPERATIONAL RATIONS -- SUPPLEMENT INTAKE -- AUTHORS' CONCLUSIONS AND RECOMMENDATIONS -- REFERENCES -- 5 The Energy Costs of Protein Metabolism: Lean and Mean on Uncle Sam's Team -- ORIGIN OF THE WORD "PROTEIN -- FUNCTIONS OF BODY PROTEINS AND AMINO ACIDS -- PROTEIN METABOLISM AS AN ENERGY-REQUIRING PROCESS -- ENERGY COSTS OF PROTEIN SYNTHESIS AND REGULATION -- ENERGY COSTS OF PROTEIN BREAKDOWN -- CONCLUSION -- REFERENCES -- DISCUSSION -- 6 Regulation of Muscle Mass and Function: Effects of Aging and Hormones -- INTRODUCTION -- SARCOPENIA OF AGING -- HORMONAL EFFECTS ON MUSCLE PROTEIN -- Insulin -- Growth Hormone and IGF-I -- Sex Steroids -- CATABOLIC HORMONES (GLUCAGON, CORTISOL, EPINEPHRINE, AND THYROID HORMONES) -- SUBSTRATES AND NUTRITION -- AUTHORS' CONCLUSIONS -- REFERENCES -- DISCUSSION -- 7 Effects of Protein Intake on Renal Function and on the Development of Renal Disease -- INTRODUCTION -- NEPHROLITHIASIS -- Calcium Excretion and Calcium-Containing Stones -- Calcium Intake -- Determinants of Calcium Clearance -- Patterns of Urinary Excretion in Stone Formers -- Uric Acid Stones -- Prophylactic Treatment of Nephrolithiasis -- ACUTE RENAL FAILURE -- PROTEIN INTAKE AND THE DEVELOPMENT OF GLOMERULOSCLEROSIS -- AUTHOR'S CONCLUSIONS AND RECOMMENDATIONS -- REFERENCES -- DISCUSSION -- 8 Infection and Injury: Effects on Whole Body Protein Metabolism -- BACKGROUND AND GENERAL RESPONSE CHARACTERISTICS -- THE TRANSLOCATION OF NITROGEN FROM CARCASS TO VISCERA -- REGULATORS OF THE TRANSLOCATION OF PROTEIN -- CONCLUSIONS -- REFERENCES -- DISCUSSION -- 9 Inherent Difficulties in Defining Amino Acid Requirements -- INTRODUCTION -- BACKGROUND TO THE CURRENT CONTROVERSY -- METABOLIC BACKGROUND -- Obligatory Metabolic Demand. Obligatory Metabolic Demands and Obligatory Oxidative Losses -- Use of the Obligative Oxidative Loss Pattern to Predict a Requirement Pattern -- Animal Data for the Pattern of the Obligatory Metabolic Demand -- The Adaptive Component of the Metabolic Demand -- Diurnal Cycling: A Qualitative Influence on Metabolic Demand? -- Summary of the Metabolic Demand for Indispensable Amine Acids -- FAO REQUIREMENT VALUES AND N BALANCE STUDIES -- Are There Robust N Balance Data that Support the FAO Requirement Values? -- Biological Value of Plant Proteins in Human N Balance Trials -- Adjustment of the Food and Agriculture Organization Requirement Values -- Stable Isotope Estimates of Requirement Values -- Toronto "Break Point" Studies -- Functional Indicators of Adequacy of Intakes Allowing Zero Balance -- Protein Turnover -- Other Metabolic Influences of Amino Acids -- AUTHOR'S CONCLUSIONS AND RECOMMENDATIONS -- REFERENCES -- DISCUSSION -- 10 Amino Acid Flux and Requirements: Counterpoint -- Tentative Estimates Are Feasible and Necessary -- INTRODUCTION -- Proposed Massachusetts Institute of Technology Amine Acid Requirement Pattern -- Adaptive Aspects of Amino Acid Metabolism -- Diurnal Cycling and Amine Acid Requirements -- Nitrogen Balance and Estimations of IAA Requirements -- Stable Isotope Estimates of Requirement Values -- The MIT Amino Acid Requirement Pattern and Physical Activity -- Author's Conclusions and Recommendations -- REFERENCES -- 11 Physical Exertion, Amino Acid and Protein Metabolism, and Protein Requirements -- INTRODUCTION -- EXERCISE AND AMINO ACID CATABOLISM -- EFFECTS OF CONTRACTILE ACTIVITY ON MUSCLE PROTEIN TURNOVER -- INTERACTIONS BETWEEN ENERGY SUPPLY AND PROTEIN AND AMINE ACID METABOLISMIN THE CONTEXT OF INCREASED ... -- POSSIBLE BENEFICIAL EFFECTS OF BRANCHED CHAIN AMINO ACID SUPPLEMENTATION. GLUTAMINE, THE OVERTRAINING SYNDROME AND IMMUNE FUNCTION -- THE CRUCIAL QUESTIONS -- AUTHOR'S CONCLUSIONS AND RECOMMENDATIONS -- ACKNOWLEDGMENTS -- REFERENCES -- 12 Skeletal Muscle Markers -- INTRODUCTION -- Method Organization -- AVAILABLE METHODS -- Anthropometry -- Ultrasound -- Bioelectric Impedance Analysis -- Urinary Metabolites -- Imaging Methods -- Dual-Energy X-Ray Absorptiometry -- In Vive Neutron Activation/Whole Body Counting -- Monitoring Changes in Skeletal Muscle Mass Over Time -- CONCLUSIONS -- REFERENCES -- 13 Alterations in Protein Metabolism Due to the Stress of Injury and Infection -- ANABOLIC HORMONES -- AUTHOR'S CONCLUSIONS AND RECOMMENDATIONS -- REFERENCES -- I DISCUSSION -- 14 Amino Acid and Protein Requirements: Cognitive Performance, Stress, and Brain Function -- INTRODUCTION -- The Blood-Brain Barrier: A Key Determinant of Brain Nutritional Status -- TRYPTOPHAN -- TYROSINE -- CHANGES IN AMINO ACIDS DURING FIELD STUDIES: UNDERNUTRITION AND MENTAL PERFORMANCE -- AUTHOR'S CONCLUSION AND RECOMMENDATIONS -- REFERENCES -- DISCUSSION -- 15 Supplementation with Branched-Chain Amino Acids, Glutamine, and Protein Hydrolysates: Rationale for Effects on ... -- INTRODUCTION -- PROTEIN AND AMINE ACID METABOLISM IN ENDURANCE EXERCISE -- BRANCHED-CHAIN AMINE ACIDS -- Central Fatigue Hypothesis -- Effects of Ingestion of Branched-Chain Amino Acids and Tryptophan on Endurance Performance -- Summary of Performance Studies with BCAA and Tryptophan -- Interaction of the BCAA-Aminotransferase Reaction with the Tricarboxylic Acid (TCA) Cycle in Muscle -- Effect of BCAA Ingestion on Plasma Ammonia Concentrations and Muscle Ammonia Production During Exercise -- GLUTAMINE -- Plasma Glutamine Concentrations Following Prolonged Exercise -- Plasma Glutamine Concentrations in Overtrained Athletes and in Tour de France Cyclists -- Link to Immune System. GLYCOGEN RESYNTHESIS FOLLOWING EXERCISE. |
| Record Nr. | UNINA-9910825957203321 |
| Washington, D.C., : National Academy Press, 1999 | ||
| Materiale a stampa | ||
| Lo trovi qui: Univ. Federico II | ||
| ||
