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Global sources of local pollution [[electronic resource] ] : an assessment of long-range transport of key air pollutants to and from the United States / / Committee on the Significance of International Transport of Air Pollutants, Board on Atmospheric Sciences and Climate, Division on Earth and Life Studies, National Research Council of the National Academies
| Global sources of local pollution [[electronic resource] ] : an assessment of long-range transport of key air pollutants to and from the United States / / Committee on the Significance of International Transport of Air Pollutants, Board on Atmospheric Sciences and Climate, Division on Earth and Life Studies, National Research Council of the National Academies |
| Edizione | [1st ed.] |
| Pubbl/distr/stampa | Washington, : National Academies Press, c2010 |
| Descrizione fisica | 1 online resource (249 p.) |
| Disciplina | 363.73920973 |
| Soggetto topico |
Air quality management - United States
Air - Pollution - Evaluation Air - Pollution - Research - United States Air - Pollution - United States Environmental impact analysis - United States Environmental monitoring - United States Nonpoint source pollution |
| ISBN |
0-309-15031-0
1-282-55450-6 9786612554506 0-309-14402-7 |
| Formato | Materiale a stampa  |
| Livello bibliografico | Monografia |
| Lingua di pubblicazione | eng |
| Nota di contenuto | ""Front Matter""; ""Acknowledgments""; ""Contents""; ""Summary""; ""1 Introduction""; ""2 Ozone""; ""3 Particulate Matter""; ""4 Mercury""; ""5 Persistent Organic Pollutants""; ""6 Crosscutting Issues and Synthesis""; ""References""; ""Appendix A: Committee Sponsors, Statement of Task, and Schedule""; ""Appendix B: Technical Discussion of Atmospheric Transport Mechanisms""; ""Appendix C: Observational Platforms Used for Long-Range Pollution Transport Studies""; ""Appendix D: Committee Membership""; ""Appendix E: Acronyms and Initialisms"" |
| Record Nr. | UNISA-996320834003316 |
| Washington, : National Academies Press, c2010 | ||
| Materiale a stampa | ||
| Lo trovi qui: Univ. di Salerno | ||
| ||
Global sources of local pollution : an assessment of long-range transport of key air pollutants to and from the United States / / Committee on the Significance of International Transport of Air Pollutants, Board on Atmospheric Sciences and Climate, Division on Earth and Life Studies, National Research Council of the National Academies
| Global sources of local pollution : an assessment of long-range transport of key air pollutants to and from the United States / / Committee on the Significance of International Transport of Air Pollutants, Board on Atmospheric Sciences and Climate, Division on Earth and Life Studies, National Research Council of the National Academies |
| Edizione | [1st ed.] |
| Pubbl/distr/stampa | Washington, : National Academies Press, c2010 |
| Descrizione fisica | 1 online resource (249 p.) |
| Disciplina | 363.73920973 |
| Soggetto topico |
Air quality management - United States
Air - Pollution - Evaluation Air - Pollution - Research - United States Air - Pollution - United States Environmental impact analysis - United States Environmental monitoring - United States Nonpoint source pollution |
| ISBN |
0-309-15031-0
1-282-55450-6 9786612554506 0-309-14402-7 |
| Formato | Materiale a stampa |
| Livello bibliografico | Monografia |
| Lingua di pubblicazione | eng |
| Nota di contenuto | ""Front Matter""; ""Acknowledgments""; ""Contents""; ""Summary""; ""1 Introduction""; ""2 Ozone""; ""3 Particulate Matter""; ""4 Mercury""; ""5 Persistent Organic Pollutants""; ""6 Crosscutting Issues and Synthesis""; ""References""; ""Appendix A: Committee Sponsors, Statement of Task, and Schedule""; ""Appendix B: Technical Discussion of Atmospheric Transport Mechanisms""; ""Appendix C: Observational Platforms Used for Long-Range Pollution Transport Studies""; ""Appendix D: Committee Membership""; ""Appendix E: Acronyms and Initialisms"" |
| Record Nr. | UNINA-9910139475603321 |
| Washington, : National Academies Press, c2010 | ||
| Materiale a stampa | ||
| Lo trovi qui: Univ. Federico II | ||
| ||
Human exposure assessment for airborne pollutants [[electronic resource] ] : advances and opportunities / / Committee on Advances in Assessing Human Exposure to Airborne Pollutants, Board on Environmental Studies and Toxicology, Commission on Geosciences, Environment, and Resources, National Research Council
| Human exposure assessment for airborne pollutants [[electronic resource] ] : advances and opportunities / / Committee on Advances in Assessing Human Exposure to Airborne Pollutants, Board on Environmental Studies and Toxicology, Commission on Geosciences, Environment, and Resources, National Research Council |
| Pubbl/distr/stampa | Washington, D.C., : National Academy of Sciences, 1991 |
| Descrizione fisica | 1 online resource (337 p.) |
| Disciplina | 628.5/3/0287 |
| Soggetto topico |
Air - Pollution - Evaluation
Health risk assessment - Methodology Pollutants - Analysis |
| Soggetto genere / forma | Electronic books. |
| ISBN |
1-280-21238-1
9786610212385 0-309-54353-3 0-585-03020-0 |
| Formato | Materiale a stampa |
| Livello bibliografico | Monografia |
| Lingua di pubblicazione | eng |
| Record Nr. | UNINA-9910455899803321 |
| Washington, D.C., : National Academy of Sciences, 1991 | ||
| Materiale a stampa | ||
| Lo trovi qui: Univ. Federico II | ||
| ||
Human exposure assessment for airborne pollutants [[electronic resource] ] : advances and opportunities / / Committee on Advances in Assessing Human Exposure to Airborne Pollutants, Board on Environmental Studies and Toxicology, Commission on Geosciences, Environment, and Resources, National Research Council
| Human exposure assessment for airborne pollutants [[electronic resource] ] : advances and opportunities / / Committee on Advances in Assessing Human Exposure to Airborne Pollutants, Board on Environmental Studies and Toxicology, Commission on Geosciences, Environment, and Resources, National Research Council |
| Pubbl/distr/stampa | Washington, D.C., : National Academy of Sciences, 1991 |
| Descrizione fisica | 1 online resource (337 p.) |
| Disciplina | 628.5/3/0287 |
| Soggetto topico |
Air - Pollution - Evaluation
Health risk assessment - Methodology Pollutants - Analysis |
| ISBN |
1-280-21238-1
9786610212385 0-309-54353-3 0-585-03020-0 |
| Formato | Materiale a stampa |
| Livello bibliografico | Monografia |
| Lingua di pubblicazione | eng |
| Record Nr. | UNINA-9910778505303321 |
| Washington, D.C., : National Academy of Sciences, 1991 | ||
| Materiale a stampa | ||
| Lo trovi qui: Univ. Federico II | ||
| ||
Human exposure assessment for airborne pollutants : advances and opportunities / / Committee on Advances in Assessing Human Exposure to Airborne Pollutants, Board on Environmental Studies and Toxicology, Commission on Geosciences, Environment, and Resources, National Research Council
| Human exposure assessment for airborne pollutants : advances and opportunities / / Committee on Advances in Assessing Human Exposure to Airborne Pollutants, Board on Environmental Studies and Toxicology, Commission on Geosciences, Environment, and Resources, National Research Council |
| Edizione | [1st ed.] |
| Pubbl/distr/stampa | Washington, D.C., : National Academy of Sciences, 1991 |
| Descrizione fisica | 1 online resource (337 p.) |
| Disciplina | 628.5/3/0287 |
| Soggetto topico |
Air - Pollution - Evaluation
Health risk assessment - Methodology Pollutants - Analysis |
| ISBN |
1-280-21238-1
9786610212385 0-309-54353-3 0-585-03020-0 |
| Formato | Materiale a stampa |
| Livello bibliografico | Monografia |
| Lingua di pubblicazione | eng |
| Nota di contenuto |
Human Exposure Assessment for Airborne Pollutants -- Copyright -- Preface -- Contents -- Executive Summary -- INTRODUCTION -- THE CHARGE TO THE COMMITTEE -- THE COMMITTEE'S APPROACH TO ITS CHARGE -- RATIONALE FOR PERFORMING EXPOSURE ASSESSMENTS -- FRAMEWORK FOR ASSESSING EXPOSURES TO AIR CONTAMINANTS -- SAMPLING AND PHYSICAL-CHEMICAL MEASUREMENTS -- Quality Control and Quality Assurance -- Sampling Techniques and Strategy -- Instrumental Techniques -- USE OF BIOLOGICAL MARKERS IN ASSESSING HUMAN EXPOSURE TO AIRBORNE CONTAMINANTS -- SURVEY RESEARCH METHODS AND EXPOSURE ASSESSMENT -- MODELS USED IN ASSESSING HUMAN EXPOSURE TO AIRBORNE CONTAMINANTS -- Concentration Models -- Exposure Models -- FUTURE DIRECTIONS FOR EXPOSURE ASSESSMENT -- 1 Principles of Exposure Assessment -- INTRODUCTION -- BACKGROUND -- Exposure Assessment in Environmental Epidemiology -- Exposure Assessment in Occupational Epidemiology and Risk Management -- Conceptual Framework for Human Exposure Assessment -- Types of Studies -- Community Studies -- Epidemiological Studies -- Industrial Hygiene Studies -- Clinical Case Studies -- Engineering Studies -- Animal Studies -- Pharmacokinetic and Pharmacodynamic Studies -- Behavioral Studies -- SUMMARY -- 2 Framework for Assessing Exposures to Air Contaminants -- INTRODUCTION -- MATHEMATICAL RELATIONSHIPS -- MEASUREMENT AND ESTIMATION TECHNIQUES EMPLOYED IN EXPOSURE ASSESSMENT -- Direct Measures of Exposure -- Personal Monitoring -- Biological Markers -- Indirect Measures of Exposure -- Microenvironmental Measurements -- Questionnaires -- Models -- Mitigation Measures -- INTEGRATION OF EXPOSURE-ASSESSMENT TECHNIQUES -- SUMMARY -- 3 Sampling and Physical-Chemical Measurements -- INTRODUCTION -- QUALITY ASSURANCE -- ERRORS -- Site-Selection Errors -- Collection Errors -- Analytical Errors -- Data-Handling Errors -- AIRBORNE ANALYTES.
CRITERIA FOR METHOD SELECTION -- Sensitivity -- Selectivity -- Rapidity -- Comprehensiveness -- Portability -- Cost -- METHODOLOGY -- The Measurement Process -- Sampling -- Passive Sampling -- Active Sampling -- Separation -- Chromatography -- Gas Chromatography -- Liquid Chromatography -- Supercritical Fluid Chromatography -- Permselective Membranes (Microfiltration) -- Sequential Solvent Extraction -- Supercritical Fluid Extraction -- Liquid Chromatography for Sample Preparation -- Detection -- Chromatography Detection Devices -- Nonspecific Detectors -- Selective Ionization Detectors -- Thermal Conduction Devices -- Organoleptic Methods -- Mass Spectrometry -- Mass Spectrometry-Mass Spectrometry -- Ion Mobility Spectrometer -- Electrochemical Detectors -- Potentiometry -- Conductimetry -- Amperometry -- Spectroscopic Detectors -- Infrared Detection -- Microsensors -- Electron Microscopy -- Instrumental Neutron Activation Analysis (INAA) -- Radon and Radon Progeny Measurements -- Radon -- Radon-Decay Products -- Chemometrics -- SUMMARY -- Quality Control/Quality Assurance -- Sampling Techniques and Strategy -- Instrumental Techniques -- Field-Study Instruments -- 4 Use of Biological Markers in Assessing Human Exposure to Airborne Contaminants -- INTRODUCTION -- FROM EXPOSURE TO HEALTH EFFECTS: KINDS OF MARKERS -- APPLICATIONS OF HUMAN BIOLOGICAL MARKERS -- Markers of Exposure -- Markers of Effect -- UTILITY OF BIOLOGICAL MARKERS -- Advantages -- Improved Exposure Assessments -- Validation of Pharmacokinetic Models -- Improvement of Risk Extrapolation -- Timely Identification of Persons or Groups at Increased Risk of Disease -- Improved Epidemiological Study Design and Inference -- Disadvantages and Limitations -- Lack of Validation -- Ambiguity of Many Markers -- Variability of Markers. Difficulty of Establishing Links Between Exposure and Markers of Effect -- Confounding Influences on Biological Markers -- Complexity and Resource Intensiveness -- Use of Exposure Markers in Conjunction with Traditional Measures -- CRITERIA GOVERNING THE VALIDATION AND USE OF BIOLOGICAL MARKERS -- Validation and Selection of Biological Markers -- Exposure Assessment -- Understanding of Pharmacokinetics and Temporal Relevance -- Understanding of "Background" Variability and Confounding Variables -- Reproducibility, Sensitivity, and Specificity -- Feasibility -- Study Design -- Adequate Sample Size -- Appropriate Control Populations -- Control of Potential Confounding Variables -- Use of Batteries of Biological Markers -- Analysis -- ETHICAL ISSUES -- SUMMARY -- 5 Survey Research Methods and Exposure Assessment -- INTRODUCTION -- SAMPLE SELECTION -- Target Population -- Response Rate -- Sampling Error -- Other Features -- MEASUREMENT APPROACHES -- Direct Approach -- Indirect Approach -- Integrating Personal-Monitor and Diary Information -- Questionnaire Approach -- Factual Questions -- QUESTIONNAIRE FRAMING AND WORDING -- IMPROVING SURVEY QUESTIONS -- INCORPORATING SURVEY-RESEARCH METHODS INTO EXPOSURE ASSESSMENT -- SUMMARY -- 6 Models -- INTRODUCTION -- IMPORTANT MODEL CHARACTERISTICS -- CONCENTRATION MODELS -- Outdoor Models-Contaminant Source Emissions -- Validation -- Contaminant Dispersion -- Atmospheric Chemistry -- Receptor Models -- INDOOR CONTAMINANT CONCENTRATIONS -- Industrial Environments -- Nonindustrial Environments -- Variability in Emission Rates -- Mixing Within and Between Rooms -- Deposition -- Air Cleaning -- Recent Advances -- EXPOSURE-ASSESSMENT MODELS -- Individual Exposures -- Population Exposures -- Temporal Aspects -- SUMMARY -- Concentration Models -- Outdoor -- Indoor -- Indoor-Air Chemistry -- Exposure Models. Source Models -- Validation -- 7 Current and Anticipated Applications -- INTRODUCTION -- VOLATILE ORGANIC COMPOUNDS -- Introduction -- Current Approaches to Exposure Assessment Under the Clean Air Act -- Total Exposure-Assessment Methodology Study -- Overview -- Measurement Methods -- Biological Markers -- Questionnaires -- Models -- Benzene -- Recommendations -- ENVIRONMENTAL TOBACCO SMOKE -- Introduction -- Air-Contaminant Measurement -- Biological Markers -- Questionnaires -- Future Applications -- POLYCYCLIC AROMATIC HYDROCARBONS -- Introduction -- Hypothesis and Study Design -- Measurement Methods -- Biological Markers -- Questionnaires -- Models -- Future Needs -- LEAD -- Introduction -- Lead from Gasoline -- Airborne Lead from Stationary Sources -- Lead in Dusts and Soils -- Outdoor-Air Measurements -- Biological Markers -- Questionnaires -- Models -- Conclusions -- ACIDIC PARTICULATE MATTER -- Introduction -- Hypothesis -- Measurements -- Methods -- Conclusions -- SICK-BUILDING SYNDROME -- Introduction -- Hypothesis and Study Design -- Measurement Techniques (Analytical and Sampling) -- Biological Markers -- Questionnaires -- Models -- Conclusions -- TOXICS RELEASE INVENTORY -- Introduction -- Applications to Exposure Assessment -- Implications -- RADON -- Introduction -- Hypothesis and Study Design -- Measurement Methods -- Models -- Advances -- Glossary -- References -- Appendix A: Basic Standard Environmental Inventory Questionnaire -- Appendix B: Exposure Assessment Workshop Participants and Presentations -- WORKSHOP PARTICIPANTS -- WORKSHOP PRESENTATIONS -- Session I: Application of Methodology in Assessing Human Exposure to Air Contaminants -- Session II: Biomarkers of Exposure -- Session III: Modeling -- Session IV: Measurement Techniques -- Session V: Time-Activity Patterns and Questionnaires. Appendix C: Commission on Physical Sciences, Mathematics, and Resources -- STAFF. |
| Record Nr. | UNINA-9910827708203321 |
| Washington, D.C., : National Academy of Sciences, 1991 | ||
| Materiale a stampa | ||
| Lo trovi qui: Univ. Federico II | ||
| ||
