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Intro -- Halftitle page -- Title page -- Copyright page -- Acknowledgments -- Contents -- List of Figures -- List of Tables -- List of Boxes -- List of Abbreviations -- Notes on the Authors -- Introduction -- Part I The Overarching Environment -- 1. Food for All: Setting the Scene -- The Transforming Dynamics of Poverty, Food Security, and Nutrition -- Global Compacts: Sustainable Development Goals and Climate Change -- Productivity Growth, Structural Transformation, and Employment -- Paradigm Shift to Sustainability -- From Sustainable Production Systems to Sustainable Consumption -- Healthy Diets, Nutrition, and Health: Undernutrition, Overnutrition, and Micronutrient Deficiencies-The Triple Burden of Malnutrition -- Finance for Development -- Role of International Organizations -- Questions Addressed by This Inquiry -- The Establishment of the Big Five International Organizations Concerned with Food and Agriculture -- Outline of the Chapters -- 2. Transformation: From Sustainably Productive Agriculture to Industry? -- Summary -- Introduction -- Data Challenges -- Structural Transformation and Poverty and Hunger Reduction -- Agriculture vs. Industry -- Structural Transformation, Farm Size, and Productivity Growth -- Role of Medium- and Large-Scale Farms -- Environmental Costs and Benefits of Productivity Growth -- Industrialization and Structural Transformation -- Savings, Investment, and Structural Transformation -- Convergence of Performance? -- Divergence in Agricultural Productivity Growth and Poverty Reduction -- Complexity of Agricultural Development and Demands of Policymakers -- Structural Transformation: Data and Analysis -- Differences in Behavior among Developed and Developing Regions Using Data from the International Labour Organization -- Differences in Behavior among the Developing Regions.
Differences in Behavior among Sub-Saharan African Countries -- Appendix A: Data and Methodology -- Data Description -- Appendix B: Differences between Our Two Studies -- 3. 2007-2012 Food Price Spikes and Crisis-A Decade and a Half Later -- Introduction -- I. A Perfect Storm -- What Caused the Crisis? -- II. Global Responses to the Crisis -- Issues between Developed and Developing Countries Highlighted by the 2007-8 Food Crisis -- III. Lessons Learned and Challenges of Implementation -- Price Stabilization: Trade vs. Storage -- Safety Nets to Deal with Chronic and Transitory Poverty in India -- Empirical Research on Prices, Consumers, and Producers -- Why Has It Been Hard to Convince Developing Countries' Policymakers to Abandon Price Stabilization Policies? -- Crisis Response and Long-term Development: The Right to Food and Social Safety Nets -- Conclusion -- 4. From Food Security to Nutrition Security for All -- Summary -- Introduction -- Food Security and Nutrition: Terms and Measurement -- All People, at All Times -- Implications of Differing Poverty Definitions -- Multidimensional Poverty and Income Poverty as Determinants of Various Indicators of Food Insecurity -- Role of Gender Equality in Food and Nutrition Security -- Rise, Fall, and Rise Again of Nutrition in a Holistic Conceptual Framework -- Evolution from the Unfinished Millennium Development Goals to Sustainable Development Goals -- What Is Missing in the Sustainable Development Goals? Obesity -- Differential Distribution of International Aid to Multidimensionally Poor Poverty -- What Do Success Stories in the Global Nutrition Reports Tell Us? -- From Food Security to Nutrition: Conclusions and Implications for the Future -- 5. Changing Global Governance Context for Food Security and Nutrition -- Summary -- Scope and Outline of This Chapter and the Next Chapter.
What Is Governance and How Is It Defined? -- A Changed Context for Global Governance -- Old and New Actors in Global Governance -- Governance as Cosmology: Challenges in Drawing Boundaries in a Universe -- Collective Action among Large and Small Groups of State and Non-State Actors -- Issues of Global Governance -- Governance Issues at the National Level -- Exit, Voice, and Accountability -- Challenges of Fairness in Global Governance -- Building Consensus: Formal and Informal Governance-International Responses since the 2007 Crisis and Their Rationale -- What Were the Outcomes of These Initiatives? -- Local Participation -- 6. Governance of the "Big Five" -- Summary -- Governance of the Big Five Organizations -- Key Financiers of the United Nations System and International Organizations -- The World Bank Group -- The Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations -- The World Food Programme -- The International Fund for Agricultural Development -- CGIAR -- Collaboration among Rome-Based Agencies -- Partnerships between the World Bank Group and United Nations Agencies -- A Fractionated Record of Donor Evaluations of International Organizations: The Need to Separate the Forest from the Trees -- Evaluating the Governance Processes of the Big Five -- 7. Financing for Sustainable Structural Transformation -- Summary -- Introduction: Why Give Aid, and Particularly, Multilateral Aid? -- Key Messages -- Agriculture and Intersectoral Priorities -- Financing Needs for Food and Agriculture -- South-South Cooperation -- Recent Trends in Financial Flows to Developing Countries -- Role of International Organizations Concerned with Food, Agriculture, and Nutrition -- Official Development Assistance from Development Assistance Committee Member Countries -- Official Development Assistance to and through the Multilateral Aid System_ The Rise of Multi-Bi Aid.
Investment Flow Methodology in the Agriculture Sector -- Findings from Different Indicators -- Underinvestment in Food and Agriculture Relative to Needs -- Nutrition Financing -- The Dramatically Changed External Environment for Assistance of International Institutions: The New Actors -- Remittances -- Foreign Direct Investment: Inflows and Outflows -- Increased Role of Philanthropic Foundations -- IDA Graduation and Likely Implications for Aid to Food and Agriculture -- New and Innovative Sources of Financing beyond Official Development Assistance -- Future Sources of Financing -- Part II International Organizations -- 8. The World Bank -- Background and Summary -- Introduction -- Focus on Smallholder Agricultural Development -- The International Development Association in the Context of Bank Instruments -- Lending and Administrative Budget Pressures -- The 1980s: Structural Adjustment and the Debt Crisis Legacy -- The 1990s: "The Lost Decade"-The Wapenhans Report and Debt Relief -- Rising Debt and Debt Relief for Heavily Indebted Countries -- The 2000s: Toward a Food and Financial Crisis -- The Bank's Gender Strategy and Implementation -- The World Bank's Work on Land Policy -- World Development Report 2008: Agriculture for Development -- Crisis Response -- The Bank's Assessment of Its Performance in Agriculture -- Going Forward -- The Bank Going Forward in a Changed Context -- Latest Readjustment for the World Bank -- Appendix A: Chronology of the World Bank -- Appendix B: Role of the International Finance Corporation -- Appendix C: Role of the Multilateral Investment Guarantee Agency -- Appendix D: Independent Evaluation Group and World Bank Project Performance Ratings -- 9. The Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations -- Summary -- Introduction.
Structure at Headquarters, Challenges of Central vs. Decentralized Structure, and Declining Funding Structure -- FAO's Visions and Goals -- Evolution of FAO since Inception -- Performance and Progress on Implementation of Evaluation Recommendations: Old and New Issues in a Changing Context -- FAO Reforms -- FAO Results Framework -- The Multilateral Organisation Performance Assessment Network: Findings and Conclusions -- FAO and Global Public Goods -- Divided Governance: Southern Leadership with Challenges-Hierarchical and Authoritarian -- The Consequences of Leadership Style -- Implications for the Future -- 10. CGIAR -- Summary and Implications Going Forward -- Introduction -- Once the Heart of the International System -- Successive Waves of Reforms and the Tragedy of the Commons -- Addressing New Research Challenges: CGIAR Research Portfolio of CGIAR Research Programs and Platforms, 2017-2022 -- A CGIAR Imperative: Stable, Predictable, Unrestricted Funding -- CGIAR's Need to Adeptly Change and Develop Its Priorities -- The Increasing Requirement for Monitoring and Impact Assessment of CGIAR Research Implementation -- The Development of Theories of Change for CGIAR -- A New Vision for CGIAR -- Key Perspectives for a Transformed CGIAR -- More than US30 Billion Expected in Commitment to African Agriculture -- South-South Research Cooperation Is Thriving -- CGIAR's 2020 Reforms -- 11. The International Fund for Agricultural Development -- Summary -- Background -- IFAD's Evolving Mission -- External Evaluations and Assessments of IFAD and IFAD's Responses -- IFAD's Operating Model -- Attention to Africa -- IFAD's Approach to Rural Poverty in Middle-Income Countries -- Impact Assessment -- Conclusion -- 12. The World Food Programme -- Summary -- The World Food Programme at Its Establishment -- The World Food Programme's Strategic Planning Process.
Voluntary Funding Principally from Governments.
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Agriculture + rural development / / CTA ... [et al.]
