| Autore |
Durston Gregory
|
| Edizione | [1st ed.] |
| Pubbl/distr/stampa |
Hook, Hampshire, : Waterside Press, 2012
|
| Descrizione fisica |
668 p. : ill. (some col.)
|
| Soggetto topico |
Crime - England - History - 18th century
Criminal justice, Administration of - Great Britain - History
|
| ISBN |
1-908162-18-X
1-908162-19-8
|
| Formato |
Materiale a stampa  |
| Livello bibliografico |
Monografia |
| Lingua di pubblicazione |
eng
|
| Nota di contenuto |
Cover -- Contents -- Copyright -- Acknowledgements -- Preface -- About the Author -- Dedication -- PICTURE SECTION -- Part One: Crime and the Metropolis -- INTRODUCTION -- Terms of Reference -- Sources of Information -- Printed primary sources -- Old Bailey Sessions Papers -- Treatises and biographies -- Historiography -- THE EIGHTEENTH-CENTURY METROPOLIS -- Introduction -- Metropolitan Government -- The City -- Southwark -- Westminster and urban Middlesex -- Expansion of the Conurbation -- Population Growth -- Mortality -- Inward Migration -- Responses to the Indigent -- Rise of the Middle Class -- Social Segregation -- Decline in Communitarianism -- Power -- The Urban Day -- Urban street lighting -- Alcohol Consumption -- METROPOLITAN CRIME -- Definitions of Crime -- Legal Classification of Crimes -- Treason -- Felony -- Benefit of clergy -- Unclergyable forms of theft -- Rationale for clergy -- Petty theft -- Misdemeanours -- Crime Rates and Patterns -- Lethal Violence -- Non-Lethal Violence -- Assault and the Law -- The Incidence of Property Crime -- Female participation in crime -- Juvenile participation in crime -- Juveniles and the law -- The Metropolis and its Environs -- Professional Crime -- White Collar Crime -- ATTITUDES TOWARDS CRIME AND POLICING -- Concern about Metropolitan Crime -- Legitimacy and the Criminal Law -- Reform Movements -- Reformation societies -- EXPLANATIONS FOR METROPOLITAN CRIME -- Introduction -- Immorality -- Structural Determinants -- Need and Greed -- Opportunity to Offend -- The Effects of War on Crime -- Receivers -- Pawnbrokers -- CRIMINAL LAW AND PROCEDURE -- Introduction -- Lack of Informal Controls -- Ease of Access to the Law -- Criminal Procedure -- Attrition -- The Growth of Legalism -- Metropolitan Lawyers -- Popular Legal Knowledge -- The Impact of Legalism -- The Role of Discretion.
Sodomy and discretion -- Limits to discretion -- Reluctance to Reform -- Part Two: Policing -- POLICING THE METROPOLIS -- Introduction -- Reformers -- The Concept of a "Police" -- Other Parts of the British Isles -- The Medieval Policing Legacy -- Problems with Policing -- Validity of Criticism -- Paris and Continental Cities -- The "Professional" Police of the 1700s -- Police and the Political Nation -- Anonymity of Parish Officers -- Fragmentation of Policing -- Exceptions -- Amelioration -- Proposals for Reform -- CONSTABLES -- Introduction -- Appointment of Constables in Middlesex and Westminster -- Appointment of Constables in the City -- Qualifications and Qualities -- Unpopularity of the Office -- Substitutes -- Quality of substitutes -- Conflicting Pressures on Constables -- Operation -- Constable of the Night -- Control of Constables -- Constables and Corruption -- Reforming Constables -- Powers of Arrest -- Professional Knowledge -- Fear of Litigation -- Fear of Physical Attack -- Auxiliaries -- High Constables -- Overnight Detention -- THE WATCH -- Introduction -- Funding of the Watch -- Supernumerary Watchmen -- Legal Powers -- Supervision -- Watch-houses -- Organization of the Watch -- The City -- Westminster and Middlesex -- The Poorer Parishes -- Remuneration -- Operation of the Watch -- Going On Duty -- Stop and Search -- Summoning Assistance from the Watch -- Proactive Watchmen -- Inter-Watch Communication -- Weapons and the Watch -- Effectiveness -- Low Personal Quality of Watchmen -- Corruption Amongst the Watch -- Pusillanimous -- Discipline Amongst the Watch -- Deterrent Value of Watchmen -- The Patroles -- BEADLES, CITY MARSHALS AND THE MILITARY -- Beadles -- City Marshals and Marshalmen -- The Military -- POST-CRIME DETECTION -- Introduction -- Personal Detection -- Justices and Detection -- Rewards and Thief-Takers -- Scandals.
Concern about Rewards -- Lawyers and Rewards -- Accomplice Evidence -- Concern about the accomplice system -- The Coroner's Investigation -- Effectiveness -- Reporting Suspicious Deaths -- The Coroner's Jury -- The Inquest -- Operation -- Mr Fielding's Men -- Conclusion -- THE METROPOLITAN MAGISTRACY -- Introduction -- Selection and Service -- The Amateur Tradition -- Justices' Clerks -- The Magistrates' Work -- Ubiquity of JPs -- The Men Appointed as Justices -- Clerical Magistrates -- The City of London -- Middlesex and Westminster -- Trading Justices -- Control of Justices -- PICTURE SECTION -- Non-Trading Justices -- Continuing Problems -- The Court Justice -- The Middlesex Justices Act of 1792 -- From Houses to Courts -- Part Three: Justice -- THE MAGISTRATES' WORK -- Interlocutory Proceedings -- Arrest Warrants -- Search Warrants -- Legal Advice -- The Examination -- Confessions -- Depositions -- Recognisances to Prosecute -- Committal -- Re-examinations -- Bail -- Conditions on Remand -- OPTIONS FOR PROSECUTION -- Introduction -- Misdemeanour Indictments -- Prosecution by Recognisance -- Summary Conviction -- Evidential requirements -- Fairness -- The "Bloodless Code" -- Appeals from Summary Convictions -- Petty Sessions -- Committal to a Bridewell/House of Correction -- Use against felons -- Restraint in its use -- Legal concerns -- Mediation and Arbitration -- A PRIVATE SYSTEM OF PROSECUTION? -- Introduction -- The Appeal of Murder -- Prosecution on Indictment -- Reluctance to Prosecute -- Public Prosecution -- Exceptions to the Private Prosecution Model -- Private Arrangements between Felon and Victim -- Compounding -- Revenge, Blackmail and Extortion -- Rewards and Accomplice Evidence -- Rewards -- Influence of rewards -- Criticism of rewards -- TRIAL ON INDICTMENT -- Introduction -- Fairness -- The Standard of Proof -- Conviction Rates.
Directed Acquittals -- Jury Acquittals -- Insanity -- Popular Notions of Responsibility -- Dislike of Circumstantial Evidence -- Jury Deliberations -- Jury Independence -- Evidential Rules -- Hearsay -- Bad character evidence -- Expert opinion evidence -- Forensic Atmosphere -- Courts and Procedure -- Quarter Sessions -- The Court of King's Bench -- Drawing Up Indictments -- The Grand Jury -- Production from Prison -- The Old Bailey Sessions -- Trial Listing -- Arraignment and Plea -- The Peine Forte et Dure -- Rarity of Guilty Pleas -- Witnesses -- Brevity of Trials -- Orality -- Credibility -- The Oath -- Character Witnesses -- Returning Verdicts -- Special verdicts -- Sentencing -- Pleading the Belly -- Benefit of Clergy -- Appeals Against Conviction -- Change during the Course of the Century -- Juries -- The Presence of Lawyers -- Pious Perjury -- THE METROPOLITAN PENAL REGIME -- Introduction -- Rationale for Punishment -- Decline in Draconian Example -- Capital Punishment -- Proto-abolitionism -- The mechanics of execution -- At the scaffold -- Reprieves -- Petitions for reprieve -- Conditional reprieves -- Incidence of reprieves -- Transportation -- Origins of penal transportation -- The Transportation Act 1718 -- Australia -- Corporal and Shaming Punishments -- The pillory and stocks -- Flogging -- Fiscal Penalties -- Imprisonment -- Bridewells and houses of correction -- Prison conditions -- Dangers of prison life -- Lack of segregation -- Rich inmates -- Poor inmates -- Structural determinants -- CONCLUSION -- Crime -- The Criminal Justice System -- Change -- Last Words -- Bibliography -- Index -- The Curious Mr Howard -- Nipping Crime in the Bud -- Garrow's Law -- Back cover.
|
| Altri titoli varianti |
Crime and justice in the eighteenth-century Metropolis
|
| Record Nr. | UNINA-9910825784203321 |
Info
Whores and highwaymen [[electronic resource] ] : crime and justice in the eighteenth-century Metropolis / / Gregory J Durston
