Compressed earth block & rammed earth structures / / B. V. Venkatarama Reddy

• Autore: Venkatarama Reddy B. V.
• Pubblicazione: Singapore : , : Springer, , [2022]; ©2022
• Descrizione fisica: 1 online resource (475 pages)
• Disciplina: 693.2
• Soggetto topico: Earth construction; Sustainable buildings
• Nota di bibliografia: Includes bibliographical references and index.
• Nota di contenuto: Intro -- Foreword -- Preface -- Acknowledgements -- About This Book -- Contents -- About the Author -- Part I Introduction to Earth Construction and Soil Stabilisation -- 1 Earthen Materials and Earthen Structures -- 1.1 History of Earthen Structures -- 1.2 Earthen Structures in Twentieth-Twenty-First Century -- 1.2.1 Unstabilised Earthen Structures in Twentieth-Twenty-First Century -- 1.2.2 Stabilised Earth Structures in Twentieth-Twenty-First Century -- 1.3 Prefabricated Rammed Earth Construction -- 1.4 Codes and Norms on Stabilised CEB and Stabilised Rammed Earth -- 1.5 Energy, Emissions, Environment and Earthen Structures -- 1.6 Scope and Structure -- References -- 2 Soils -- 2.1 Soil Formation -- 2.2 Soil Particle Size -- 2.3 Clay Minerals -- 2.3.1 Identification of Clay Minerals -- 2.4 Some Common Terms, Definitions and Soil Classification -- 2.5 Particle Size Distribution -- 2.6 Classification of Soils -- 2.7 Commonly Occurring Soils -- References -- 3 Soil Stabilisation -- 3.1 Introduction -- 3.2 Need for the Stabilised Earth Products in Superstructure -- 3.3 Soil Stabilisation Techniques -- 3.3.1 Mechanical Stabilisation -- 3.3.2 Stabilisation by Compaction -- 3.3.3 Stabilisation by Additives -- 3.4 Cement Stabilisation -- 3.5 Lime Stabilisation -- 3.5.1 Burning of Limestone -- 3.5.2 Slacking of Lime -- 3.5.3 Lime-Clay Reactions -- 3.6 Soil Compaction -- 3.6.1 Soil as a Three-Phase System -- 3.6.2 Soil Compaction Process -- 3.6.3 Dynamic Compaction -- 3.6.4 Factors Affecting Soil Compaction -- 3.6.5 Static Compaction of Soils -- 3.6.6 Compaction of Soils to Produce Compressed Earth Block (CEB) -- 3.6.7 The Static Compaction Test -- 3.6.8 Comparison Between Static Compaction Test and Standard Proctor Test -- References -- Part II Stabilised Compressed Earth Blocks and Masonry -- 4 Stabilised Compressed Earth Block Production. ; 4.1 Introduction -- 4.2 Soil Selection, Excavation and Transportation -- 4.2.1 Soil Selection -- 4.2.2 Excavation and Transportation -- 4.3 Soil Processing for CEB or Rammed Earth Production -- 4.3.1 Pulverising the Soil -- 4.3.2 Sieving -- 4.3.3 Modifying the Soil Composition -- 4.3.4 Mixing Soils, Aggregates and Binders -- 4.3.5 Mixing Soil-Binder Mixture and Water -- 4.4 Stabilised Compressed Earth Block Production -- 4.4.1 CEB Production Process -- 4.4.2 Analysis of CEB Production Process -- 4.5 Curing -- 4.5.1 Curing by Keeping the Stack of CEBs in Moist Condition -- 4.5.2 Steam Curing at Atmospheric Pressure -- 4.6 Machines to Produce Stabilised Compressed Earth Blocks -- 4.6.1 Manual Machines -- 4.6.2 Mechanised and Semi-mechanised Machines -- References -- 5 Characteristics of Stabilised Compressed Earth Blocks -- 5.1 Introduction -- 5.2 Factors Affecting the Strength Characteristics of Stabilised Compressed Earth Block -- 5.3 Influence of Soil Composition on the Strength of Stabilised Compressed Earth Block -- 5.3.1 Soil Reconstitution -- 5.3.2 Optimum Soil Grading for Stabilised Compressed Earth Bricks/blocks -- 5.3.3 Chemical Properties of Soils and the Strength Development in Stabilised CEB -- 5.3.4 Organic Matter and Soil Stabilisation -- 5.4 Density, Strength and Moulding Moisture Content -- 5.4.1 Density and Strength Relationships -- 5.4.2 Density, Moulding Moisture and Strength Relationships -- 5.5 Strength and Stabiliser Content -- 5.5.1 Cement Stabilised Compressed Earth Products -- 5.5.2 Lime Stabilised Compressed Earth Blocks -- 5.6 Effect of Curing Conditions on the Strength Development in Stabilised CEB -- 5.6.1 Moist Curing -- 5.6.2 Steam Curing -- 5.7 Wet and Dry Compressive Strength of Stabilised Compressed Earth -- 5.8 Long-Term Strength of Stabilised Compressed Earth Products. ; 5.9 Absorption Characteristics of Stabilised Compressed Earth Products -- 5.9.1 Water Absorption or Saturated Water Content -- 5.9.2 Rate of Water Absorption in Cement Stabilised Compressed Earth Bricks/blocks -- 5.9.3 Initial Rate of Absorption -- 5.10 Stress-Strain Characteristics of Cement Stabilised Compressed Earth Blocks -- 5.11 Thermal Characteristics of Stabilised Compressed Earth Blocks -- 5.12 Durability of Stabilised Compressed Earth Blocks -- 5.13 Types of Damages in Stabilised Earth Brick/block Masonry Buildings -- 5.14 Deterioration Mechanisms in Stabilised Earth Products -- 5.15 Evaluation of Durability Characteristics of Stabilised Earth Products -- 5.15.1 Spray Erosion Test -- 5.15.2 Drip Test -- 5.15.3 Cyclic Wetting and Drying Test -- 5.15.4 Linear Expansion on Saturation -- 5.15.5 Usefulness of LES and Mass Loss Values -- 5.15.6 Freeze-Thaw Test -- 5.16 Performance of Plastered Stabilised CEB Wall Surfaces -- 5.17 Summary on Durability of Stabilised CEB -- 5.18 Retrofitting the Damaged Stabilised Compressed Earth Block Masonry Walls -- 5.18.1 Patch Plastering with Cement-Soil Mortar -- 5.18.2 Providing Additional Skirting of Stabilised CEB Veneer on the Damaged Walls -- 5.18.3 Progressively Replacing the Damaged Stabilised CEB Wall -- References -- 6 Mortars for Stabilised Compressed Earth Block Masonry -- 6.1 Introduction -- 6.2 Mortar Constituents -- 6.3 Fine Aggregate for Mortars -- 6.4 Types of Mortars -- 6.5 Mortar Characteristics -- 6.5.1 Workability of Mortar -- 6.5.2 Compressive Strength of the Mortar -- 6.5.3 Water Retentivity -- 6.5.4 Drying Shrinkage of Mortars -- 6.5.5 Development of Bond (Adhesion) with the Brick or Block -- 6.5.6 Stress-Strain Characteristics and Modulus of Mortars -- 6.6 Selection of Mortar -- 6.6.1 Masonry Type and the Strength of the Masonry Unit -- 6.6.2 Masonry Application. ; 6.6.3 Load Carrying Capacity of the Masonry -- 6.6.4 Moisture Penetration and Frost Resistance -- 6.7 Mortars for Stabilised Compressed Earth Block Masonry -- References -- 7 Stabilised Compressed Earth Block Masonry -- 7.1 Introduction -- 7.2 Bond Strength in Stabilised Compressed Earth Block Masonry -- 7.2.1 Mechanism of Bond Development -- 7.2.2 Surface Texture of Cement Stabilised Compressed Earth Blocks -- 7.2.3 Rate of Water Absorption in Stabilised CEB -- 7.2.4 Assessing Bond Strength -- 7.2.5 Optimum Moisture Content in the Stabilised CEB for Bond Development -- 7.3 Flexure Strength of Stabilised CEB Masonry -- 7.3.1 Flexure Bond Strength -- 7.3.2 Flexure Strength of Stabilised CEB Masonry Walls -- 7.4 Shear Strength of Stabilised Compressed Earth Block Masonry -- 7.5 Compressive Strength of Stabilised Compressed Earth Block Masonry -- 7.5.1 Compressive Strength of the Masonry Unit and the Mortar -- 7.5.2 Masonry Under Compression -- 7.5.3 Factors Influencing the Compressive Strength of Stabilised CEB Masonry Walls -- 7.5.4 Compressive Strength of Stabilised CEB Masonry Elements -- 7.5.5 Influence of Joint Thickness on the Stabilised CEB Masonry Compressive Strength -- 7.5.6 Compressive Strength of Stabilised CEB Masonry Walls -- 7.6 Stress-Strain Characteristics of Mortars, Stabilised CEB and CEB Masonry -- References -- 8 Design of Stabilised Compressed Earth Block Masonry -- 8.1 Design for Gravity Loads -- 8.2 Design Procedure for Gravity Loading as Per NBC (2016) Code -- 8.2.1 Stress Reduction Factors -- 8.3 Design Procedure for Gravity Loading as Per Eurocode-6 (BS EN 1996-1-1:2005+A1:2012) -- 8.4 Stabilised CEB Masonry Design Using Working Stress Method -- 8.4.1 Example 1-Design of a Dormitory -- 8.4.2 Example 2-Six Storey Load Bearing Structure -- 8.5 Stabilised CEB Masonry Design Using Limit State Method. ; 8.5.1 Example 3-Design of a Dormitory -- References -- 9 Geopolymer or Alkali Activated Stabilised Earth Bricks -- 9.1 Geopolymers or Alkali Activated Binders -- 9.2 Reaction Mechanisms in Geopolymerisation or Alkali Activation Processes -- 9.3 Alkali Activated/geopolymer Binders for Stabilised Compressed Earth Bricks -- 9.4 Efflorescence in the Geopolymer Stabilised Compressed Earth Products -- 9.5 Effect of Salt Leaching on the Strength of Geopolymer Stabilised Compressed Earth Specimens -- 9.6 Characteristics of Geopolymer Stabilised Compressed Earth Bricks -- 9.6.1 Production of Geopolymer Stabilised CEB -- 9.6.2 Characteristics of Geopolymer Stabilised Compressed Earth Bricks -- References -- 10 Compressed Earth Blocks Using Non-organic Solid Wastes -- 10.1 Non-organic Solid Wastes -- 10.2 Characteristics of Stabilised Compressed Earth Blocks Using NOSW's -- 10.2.1 Stabilised Compressed Earth Blocks Using Iron Ore Tailings -- 10.2.2 Stabilised Compressed Earth Blocks Using C& -- D Waste -- 10.2.3 Stabilised Compressed Blocks Using Gold Mine Tailings -- 10.2.4 Stabilised Compressed Earth Blocks Using Fly Ash -- 10.2.5 Stabilised Compressed Earth Blocks Using Slag -- 10.3 Summary -- References -- Part III Stabilised Rammed Earth -- 11 Introduction to Rammed Earth -- 11.1 Rammed Earth -- 11.2 History and Developments in Rammed Earth Construction -- 11.3 Method of Casting Rammed Earth -- 11.3.1 Setting the Mould -- 11.3.2 Processing the Soil and Preparation of the Mix -- 11.3.3 Compacting the Processed Material -- 11.3.4 Dismantling the Formwork and Curing -- 11.4 Rammed Earth Structures-Potential and Prospects -- References -- 12 Compressive Strength of Rammed Earth -- 12.1 Compressive Strength -- 12.2 Optimum Soil Grading -- 12.3 Optimum Moisture Content -- 12.3.1 Influence of Soil Grading and Cement Content on the Compaction Characteristics. ; 12.4 Moulding Moisture Content, Density and Strength.
• Altri titoli varianti: Compressed earth block and rammed earth structures
• Titolo autorizzato: Compressed earth block & rammed earth structures
• ISBN: 981-16-7877-4; 981-16-7876-6
• Formato: Materiale a stampa
• Livello bibliografico: Monografia
• Lingua di pubblicazione: Inglese
• Record Nr.: 9910743243103321
• Lo trovi qui: Univ. Federico II
• Serie: Springer transactions in civil and environmental engineering.