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Intro -- Composite Materials: Manufacturing, Properties and Applications -- Copyright -- Contents -- Contributors -- Preface -- Section I: Manufacturing -- Chapter 1: Futuristic synthesis strategies for aluminum-based metal-matrix composites -- 1.1. Introduction -- 1.2. Classifications of composite materials -- 1.3. Description of the process and working principle -- 1.3.1. Microwave-assisted processes -- 1.3.1.1. Microwave hybrid sintering process -- 1.3.1.2. Microwave casting -- 1.3.1.3. Microwave hot pressing -- 1.3.2. Spark plasma sintering process -- 1.3.3. Friction stir processing -- 1.3.4. Disintegrated melt deposition -- 1.3.5. Ultrasonic-assisted casting -- 1.4. Mechanical properties and industrial scalability of Al-MMCs -- 1.5. Futuristic development and applications -- 1.6. Summary and future prospects -- References -- Chapter 2: Geopolymer composites modified with nanomaterials -- 2.1. Introduction -- 2.2. Nano-silica (NS) -- 2.2.1. Physical properties -- 2.2.2. Chemical properties -- 2.2.3. Effect of nano-silica on the properties of geopolymer composites -- 2.2.3.1. Workability -- 2.2.3.2. Geopolymerization -- 2.2.3.3. Setting time -- 2.2.3.4. Strength properties -- 2.2.3.5. Durability properties -- 2.2.3.6. Conclusions -- 2.3. Nano-clay -- 2.3.1. Physical properties -- 2.3.2. Chemical properties -- 2.3.3. Effect of nanoclay on the properties of geopolymer composites -- 2.3.3.1. Workability -- 2.3.3.2. Geopolymerization -- 2.3.3.3. Setting time -- 2.3.3.4. Strength properties -- 2.3.3.5. Durability properties -- 2.3.3.6. Conclusions -- 2.4. Nano-alumina -- 2.4.1. Physical properties -- 2.4.2. Chemical properties -- 2.4.3. Effect of nano-alumina on the properties of geopolymer composites -- 2.4.3.1. Workability -- 2.4.3.2. Geopolymerization -- 2.4.3.3. Setting time -- 2.4.3.4. Strength properties -- 2.4.3.5. Durability properties.
2.4.3.6. Conclusions -- 2.5. Carbon nanotubes -- 2.5.1. Properties of CNTs -- 2.5.2. Effect of carbon nanotubes on the properties of geopolymer composites -- 2.5.2.1. Workability and setting times -- 2.5.2.2. Geopolymerization -- 2.5.2.3. Strength properties -- 2.5.2.4. Durability properties -- 2.5.2.5. Conclusions -- 2.6. Nano-titanium dioxide (Nano-TiO2) -- 2.6.1. Properties of nano-TiO2 -- 2.6.2. Effect of nano-TiO2 on the properties of geopolymer composites -- 2.6.2.1. Workability -- 2.6.2.2. Geopolymerization -- 2.6.2.3. Setting time -- 2.6.2.4. Strength properties -- 2.6.2.5. Durability properties -- 2.6.2.6. Conclusions -- References -- Chapter 3: Advanced hybrid fiber-reinforced composites for high material performance -- 3.1. Introduction -- 3.2. Hybridization of carbon fiber and carbon nanotubes -- 3.2.1. Electrospray deposition method (ESD) -- 3.3. Performance of CF-CNT hybrid -- 3.3.1. Mechanical properties -- 3.4. Performance of CF-CNT hybrid fiber-reinforced polymer composites -- 3.4.1. Mechanical properties -- 3.4.2. Electrical properties -- 3.4.3. Thermal properties -- 3.5. Conclusion and future work -- References -- Chapter 4: 3D printing composite materials: A comprehensive review -- 4.1. Introduction -- 4.1.1. Basic concept of 3D printing -- 4.1.2. General stages in 3D printing -- 4.1.2.1. Creating 3-D models -- 4.1.2.2. File conversion of 3-D model -- 4.1.2.3. Optimization -- 4.1.2.4. 3-D printer setup -- 4.1.2.5. Build process -- 4.1.2.6. Removal and cleanup -- 4.1.2.7. Postprocessing -- 4.2. 3D printing techniques -- 4.2.1. Binder jetting (BJ) -- 4.2.2. Directed energy deposition (DED) -- 4.2.3. Material extrusion (ME)-Fused deposition modeling (FDM) -- 4.2.4. Material jetting (MJ) -- 4.2.5. Powder bed fusion (PBF) -- 4.2.6. Sheet lamination (SL) -- 4.2.7. Vat photopolymerization (VP) -- 4.3. 3D printing composite materials.
4.3.1. 3D printing of polymer matrix composites (PMCs) -- 4.3.1.1. 3D printing of PMCs with particle reinforcements -- 4.3.1.2. 3D printing of PMCs with fiber reinforcements -- 4.3.1.3. 3-D printing of PMCs with nanoparticle reinforcements -- 4.3.2. 3D printing of ceramic-matrix composites (CMCs) -- 4.3.2.1. 3D printing of CMCs with fiber reinforcements -- 4.3.2.2. 3D printing of CMCs with nanoparticle reinforcements -- 4.3.3. 3D printing of metal matrix composites (MMCs) -- 4.4. Applications -- 4.4.1. Biomedical applications -- 4.4.2. Aerospace applications -- 4.4.3. Automotive applications -- 4.4.4. Electronics applications -- 4.4.5. Food applications -- 4.4.6. Sport equipment -- 4.4.7. Marine applications -- 4.5. Summary and future perspectives -- References -- Chapter 5: Fiber composites of inorganic polymers (geopolymers) reinforced with natural fibers -- 5.1. Introduction -- 5.2. Aluminosilicate geopolymers -- 5.2.1. Formation mechanism and structure of the geopolymer matrix -- 5.2.2. Geopolymer synthesis parameters -- 5.3. Geopolymers reinforced with natural fibers -- 5.3.1. Cellulose-based fibers -- 5.3.1.1. Chemical structure and mechanical properties of cellulose-based fibers -- 5.3.1.2. Behavior in highly alkaline conditions -- 5.3.1.3. Flax fibers -- 5.3.1.4. Cotton fibers -- 5.3.1.5. Bamboo fibers -- 5.3.1.6. Other cellulose-based fibers -- 5.3.2. Protein-based fibers -- 5.3.2.1. Chemistry and structure of wool fibers -- 5.3.2.2. Mechanical properties of wool-reinforced geopolymers -- 5.3.2.3. Chemical interactions between wool fiber and geopolymer matrix -- 5.3.2.4. Applications of wool-reinforced geopolymers -- 5.4. Concluding remarks -- References -- Section II: Properties -- Chapter 6: Interphase and interfacial properties of composite materials -- 6.1. Introduction -- 6.2. Fundamental concepts of composites -- 6.2.1. Reinforcements.
6.2.2. Matrix -- 6.2.2.1. Polymer matrix -- 6.2.2.2. Metal matrix -- 6.2.2.3. Ceramic matrix -- 6.2.3. Interphase -- 6.2.3.1. Interphase mechanism -- 6.2.3.2. Failure modes of the interphase -- 6.3. Interfacial properties -- 6.3.1. Interfacial shear strength -- 6.3.1.1. Interfacial shear strength of polymer matrix composites -- 6.3.1.2. Interfacial shear strength of metal and ceramic matrix composites -- 6.3.2. Fracture toughness -- 6.3.3. Improvement methods for interfacial properties -- 6.3.3.1. Reinforcement treatment -- 6.3.3.2. Matrix modifications -- 6.4. Future perspectives -- 6.5. Conclusions -- References -- Chapter 7: Durability and life prediction of fiber-reinforced polymer composites -- 7.1. Introduction -- 7.2. Durability of FRP composites -- 7.2.1. Single environmental effects on FRP composites based on epoxy, polyester and vinylester -- 7.2.1.1. Elevated temperature -- 7.2.1.2. Low temperature and freeze-thaw cycling -- 7.2.1.3. Moisture -- 7.2.1.4. Acidity and alkalinity -- 7.2.1.5. UV radiation -- 7.2.2. Effects of environmental and sustained mechanical load -- 7.3. Life prediction of FRP composites -- 7.3.1. Motivations of characterization for FRP composite life -- 7.3.2. Life-prediction models based on accelerated tests -- 7.3.2.1. Time-temperature-superposition principle -- Single horizontal shift in time domain -- Vertical and horizontal shifts -- Applications of TTSP-empirical Arrhenius plots -- 7.3.3. Other life-prediction methods -- 7.3.3.1. Artificial intelligence techniques -- Theoretical methods based on physical-chemical evolutions -- 7.4. Summary -- References -- Chapter 8: Composites for structural strengthening, repair, rehabilitation, and retrofit -- 8.1. Introduction -- 8.2. Composite materials -- 8.2.1. Fiber-reinforced polymers (FRPs) -- 8.2.1.1. Definition, history, and potentials.
8.2.1.2. Materials and properties -- 8.2.1.3. Material modifications and surface preparation -- 8.2.1.4. Manufacturing and installation methods -- 8.2.1.5. Applications -- 8.2.2. Engineered cementitious composites (ECCs) -- 8.2.2.1. Definition, history, and potentials -- 8.2.2.2. Materials and properties -- 8.2.2.3. Manufacturing and installation methods -- 8.2.2.4. Applications -- 8.3. Further consideration aspects for using composite as strengthening materials -- 8.3.1. Durability -- 8.3.2. Fire resistance -- 8.3.3. Numerical modeling -- 8.4. Conclusions and outlook -- References -- Chapter 9: Vinyl-ester composites reinforced with natural fibers and nanofillers -- 9.1. Introduction -- 9.2. Experimental procedure -- 9.2.1. Materials -- 9.2.2. Preparation of samples -- 9.2.2.1. Cellulose fiber-reinforced polymer composites -- 9.2.2.2. Polymer nanocomposites -- 9.2.2.3. Polymer composites reinforced with cellulose fibers and nanoclay platelets or halloysite nanotubes -- 9.2.3. Characterization of physical and mechanical properties -- 9.2.3.1. Porosity -- 9.2.3.2. Flexural strength -- 9.2.3.3. Impact toughness -- 9.2.3.4. Fracture toughness -- 9.2.3.5. Thermal stability and flammability -- 9.3. Results and discussion -- 9.3.1. Porosity -- 9.3.2. Flexural strength -- 9.3.3. Impact toughness -- 9.3.4. Role of water absorption on durability -- 9.3.5. Fracture toughness -- 9.3.6. Thermal stability and flammability -- 9.4. Conclusions -- Acknowledgments -- References -- Chapter 10: Fracture mechanics of composites: Reinforcement of short carbon and glass fibers -- 10.1. Introduction -- 10.2. Experiment procedure -- 10.2.1. Materials and specimens -- 10.2.2. Equipment for impact testing -- 10.3. Results and discussion -- 10.3.1. Equation of energy release rate -- 10.4. Conclusions -- References.
Chapter 11: Mechanical properties of recycled polyethylene terephthalate (PET) fiber-reinforced fly ash geopolymer and f.
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Composite Materials : Manufacturing, Properties and Applications
