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Distributed generation : induction and permanent magnet generators / / Loi Lei Lai, Tze Fun Chan
Distributed generation : induction and permanent magnet generators / / Loi Lei Lai, Tze Fun Chan
Autore Lai Loi Lei
Pubbl/distr/stampa Chichester, England ; , : IEEE/Wiley, , c2007
Descrizione fisica 1 online resource (263 p.)
Disciplina 621.31
621.31/21
Altri autori (Persone) ChanTze Fun
Soggetto topico Distributed generation of electric power - Equipment and supplies
Electric machinery, Induction
Permanent magnet motors
ISBN 1-282-13788-3
9786612137884
0-470-51182-6
1-60119-638-5
0-470-51181-8
Formato Materiale a stampa
Livello bibliografico Monografia
Lingua di pubblicazione eng
Nota di contenuto Distributed Generation; Contents; Foreword; Preface; Acknowledgements; About the Authors; 1 Distributed Generation; 1.1 Introduction; 1.2 Reasons for DG; 1.3 Technical Impacts of DG; 1.3.1 DG Technologies; 1.3.2 Thermal Issues; 1.3.3 Voltage Profile Issues; 1.3.4 Fault-Level Contributions; 1.3.5 Harmonics and Interactions with Loads; 1.3.6 Interactions Between Generating Units; 1.3.7 Protection Issues; 1.4 Economic Impact of DG; 1.5 Barriers to DG Development; 1.6 Renewable Sources of Energy; 1.7 Renewable Energy Economics; 1.8 Interconnection; 1.8.1 Interconnection Standardization
1.8.2 Rate Design1.9 Recommendations and Guidelines for DG Planning; 1.10 Summary; References; 2 Generators; 2.1 Introduction; 2.2 Synchronous Generator; 2.2.1 Permanent Magnet Materials; 2.2.2 Permanent Magnet Generator; 2.3 Induction Generator; 2.3.1 Three-Phase IGs and SEIGs; 2.3.2 Single-Phase IGs and SEIGs; 2.4 Doubly Fed Induction Generator; 2.4.1 Operation; 2.4.2 Recent Work; 2.5 Summary; References; 3 Three-Phase IG Operating on a Single-Phase Power System; 3.1 Introduction; 3.2 Phase Balancing using Passive Circuit Elements; 3.2.1 Analysis of IG with Phase Converters
3.2.2 Phase Balancing Schemes3.2.3 Case Study; 3.2.4 System Power Factor; 3.2.5 Power and Efficiency; 3.2.6 Operation with Fixed Phase Converters; 3.2.7 Summary; 3.3 Phase Balancing using the Smith Connection; 3.3.1 Three-Phase IG with the Smith Connection; 3.3.2 Performance Analysis; 3.3.3 Balanced Operation; 3.3.4 Case Study; 3.3.5 Effect of Phase Balancing Capacitances; 3.3.6 Dual-Mode Operation; 3.3.7 Summary; 3.4 Microcontroller-Based Multi-Mode Control of SMIG; 3.4.1 Phase Voltage Consideration; 3.4.2 Control System; 3.4.3 Practical Implementation; 3.4.4 Experimental Results
3.4.5 Summary3.5 Phase Balancing using a Line Current Injection Method; 3.5.1 Circuit Connection and Operating Principle; 3.5.2 Performance Analysis; 3.5.3 Balanced Operation; 3.5.4 Case Study; 3.5.5 Summary; References; 4 Finite Element Analysis of Grid-Connected IG with the Steinmetz Connection; 4.1 Introduction; 4.2 Steinmetz Connection and Symmetrical Components Analysis; 4.3 Machine Model; 4.4 Finite Element Analysis; 4.4.1 Basic Field Equations; 4.4.2 Stator Circuit Equations; 4.4.3 Stator EMFs; 4.4.4 Rotor Circuit Model; 4.4.5 Comments on the Proposed Method; 4.5 Computational Aspects
4.6 Case Study4.7 Summary; References; 5 SEIGs for Autonomous Power Systems; 5.1 Introduction; 5.2 Three-Phase SEIG with the Steinmetz Connection; 5.2.1 Circuit Connection and Analysis; 5.2.2 Solution Technique; 5.2.3 Capacitance Requirement; 5.2.4 Computed and Experimental Results; 5.2.5 Capacitance Requirement on Load; 5.2.6 Summary; 5.3 SEIG with Asymmetrically Connected Impedances and Excitation Capacitances; 5.3.1 Circuit Model; 5.3.2 Performance Analysis; 5.3.3 Computed and Experimental Results; 5.3.4 Modified Steinmetz Connection; 5.3.5 Simplified Steinmetz Connection; 5.3.6 Summary
5.4 Self-regulated SEIG for Single-Phase Loads
Record Nr. UNINA-9910144576503321
Lai Loi Lei  
Chichester, England ; , : IEEE/Wiley, , c2007
Materiale a stampa
Lo trovi qui: Univ. Federico II
Opac: Controlla la disponibilità qui
Distributed generation : induction and permanent magnet generators / / Loi Lei Lai, Tze Fun Chan
Distributed generation : induction and permanent magnet generators / / Loi Lei Lai, Tze Fun Chan
Autore Lai Loi Lei
Pubbl/distr/stampa Chichester, England ; , : IEEE/Wiley, , c2007
Descrizione fisica 1 online resource (263 p.)
Disciplina 621.31
621.31/21
Altri autori (Persone) ChanTze Fun
Soggetto topico Distributed generation of electric power - Equipment and supplies
Electric machinery, Induction
Permanent magnet motors
ISBN 1-282-13788-3
9786612137884
0-470-51182-6
1-60119-638-5
0-470-51181-8
Formato Materiale a stampa
Livello bibliografico Monografia
Lingua di pubblicazione eng
Nota di contenuto Distributed Generation; Contents; Foreword; Preface; Acknowledgements; About the Authors; 1 Distributed Generation; 1.1 Introduction; 1.2 Reasons for DG; 1.3 Technical Impacts of DG; 1.3.1 DG Technologies; 1.3.2 Thermal Issues; 1.3.3 Voltage Profile Issues; 1.3.4 Fault-Level Contributions; 1.3.5 Harmonics and Interactions with Loads; 1.3.6 Interactions Between Generating Units; 1.3.7 Protection Issues; 1.4 Economic Impact of DG; 1.5 Barriers to DG Development; 1.6 Renewable Sources of Energy; 1.7 Renewable Energy Economics; 1.8 Interconnection; 1.8.1 Interconnection Standardization
1.8.2 Rate Design1.9 Recommendations and Guidelines for DG Planning; 1.10 Summary; References; 2 Generators; 2.1 Introduction; 2.2 Synchronous Generator; 2.2.1 Permanent Magnet Materials; 2.2.2 Permanent Magnet Generator; 2.3 Induction Generator; 2.3.1 Three-Phase IGs and SEIGs; 2.3.2 Single-Phase IGs and SEIGs; 2.4 Doubly Fed Induction Generator; 2.4.1 Operation; 2.4.2 Recent Work; 2.5 Summary; References; 3 Three-Phase IG Operating on a Single-Phase Power System; 3.1 Introduction; 3.2 Phase Balancing using Passive Circuit Elements; 3.2.1 Analysis of IG with Phase Converters
3.2.2 Phase Balancing Schemes3.2.3 Case Study; 3.2.4 System Power Factor; 3.2.5 Power and Efficiency; 3.2.6 Operation with Fixed Phase Converters; 3.2.7 Summary; 3.3 Phase Balancing using the Smith Connection; 3.3.1 Three-Phase IG with the Smith Connection; 3.3.2 Performance Analysis; 3.3.3 Balanced Operation; 3.3.4 Case Study; 3.3.5 Effect of Phase Balancing Capacitances; 3.3.6 Dual-Mode Operation; 3.3.7 Summary; 3.4 Microcontroller-Based Multi-Mode Control of SMIG; 3.4.1 Phase Voltage Consideration; 3.4.2 Control System; 3.4.3 Practical Implementation; 3.4.4 Experimental Results
3.4.5 Summary3.5 Phase Balancing using a Line Current Injection Method; 3.5.1 Circuit Connection and Operating Principle; 3.5.2 Performance Analysis; 3.5.3 Balanced Operation; 3.5.4 Case Study; 3.5.5 Summary; References; 4 Finite Element Analysis of Grid-Connected IG with the Steinmetz Connection; 4.1 Introduction; 4.2 Steinmetz Connection and Symmetrical Components Analysis; 4.3 Machine Model; 4.4 Finite Element Analysis; 4.4.1 Basic Field Equations; 4.4.2 Stator Circuit Equations; 4.4.3 Stator EMFs; 4.4.4 Rotor Circuit Model; 4.4.5 Comments on the Proposed Method; 4.5 Computational Aspects
4.6 Case Study4.7 Summary; References; 5 SEIGs for Autonomous Power Systems; 5.1 Introduction; 5.2 Three-Phase SEIG with the Steinmetz Connection; 5.2.1 Circuit Connection and Analysis; 5.2.2 Solution Technique; 5.2.3 Capacitance Requirement; 5.2.4 Computed and Experimental Results; 5.2.5 Capacitance Requirement on Load; 5.2.6 Summary; 5.3 SEIG with Asymmetrically Connected Impedances and Excitation Capacitances; 5.3.1 Circuit Model; 5.3.2 Performance Analysis; 5.3.3 Computed and Experimental Results; 5.3.4 Modified Steinmetz Connection; 5.3.5 Simplified Steinmetz Connection; 5.3.6 Summary
5.4 Self-regulated SEIG for Single-Phase Loads
Record Nr. UNINA-9910830130903321
Lai Loi Lei  
Chichester, England ; , : IEEE/Wiley, , c2007
Materiale a stampa
Lo trovi qui: Univ. Federico II
Opac: Controlla la disponibilità qui
Introduction to magnetic materials / / B.D. Cullity, C.D. Graham
Introduction to magnetic materials / / B.D. Cullity, C.D. Graham
Autore Cullity B. D. (Bernard Dennis)
Edizione [2nd ed.]
Pubbl/distr/stampa Hoboken, New Jersey : , : IEEE/Wiley, , c2009
Descrizione fisica 1 online resource (564 p.)
Disciplina 538.4
538/.4
Altri autori (Persone) GrahamC. D (Chad D.)
Soggetto topico Magnetism
Magnetic materials
ISBN 0-470-65344-2
1-118-21149-9
1-282-13693-3
9786612136931
0-470-38632-0
0-470-38631-2
Formato Materiale a stampa
Livello bibliografico Monografia
Lingua di pubblicazione eng
Nota di contenuto Preface to the First Edition -- Preface to the Second Edition -- 1. Definitions and Units -- 1.1 Introduction -- 1.2 The cgs-emu System of Units -- 1.3 Magnetic Moment -- 1.4 Intensity of Magnetization -- 1.5 Magnetic Dipoles -- 1.6 Magnetic Effects of Currents -- 1.7 Magnetic Materials -- 1.8 SI Units -- 1.9 Magnetization Curves and Hysteresis Loops -- 2. Experimental Methods -- 2.1 Introduction -- 2.2 Field Production By Solenoids -- 2.3 Field Production by Electromagnets -- 2.4 Field Production by Permanent Magnets -- 2.5 Measurement of Field Strength -- 2.6 Magnetic Measurements in Closed Circuits -- 2.7 Demagnetizing Fields -- 2.8 Magnetic Shielding -- 2.9 Demagnetizing Factors -- 2.10 Magnetic Measurements in Open Circuits -- 2.11 Instruments for Measuring Magnetization -- 2.12 Magnetic Circuits and Permeameters -- 2.13 Susceptibility Measurements -- Problems -- 3. Diamagnetism and Paramagnetism -- 3.1 Introduction -- 3.2 Magnetic Moments of Electrons -- 3.3 Magnetic Moments of Atoms -- 3.4 Theory of Diamagnetism -- 3.5 Diagmagnetic Substances -- 3.6 Classical Theory of Paramagnetism -- 3.7 Quantum Theory of Paramagnetism -- 3.8 Paramagnetic Substances -- Problems -- 4. Ferromagnetism -- 4.1 Introduction -- 4.2 Molecular Field Theory -- 4.3 Exchange Forces -- 4.4 Band Theory -- 4.5 Ferromagnetic Alloys -- 4.6 Thermal Effects -- 4.7 Theories of Ferromagnetism -- 4.8 Magnetic Analysis -- Problems -- 5. Antiferromagnetism -- 5.1 Introduction -- 5.2 Molecular Field Theory -- 5.3 Neutron Diffraction -- 5.4 Rare Earths -- 5.5 Antiferromagnetic Alloys -- Problems -- 6. Ferrimagnetism -- 6.1 Introduction -- 6.2 Structure of Cubic Ferrites -- 6.3 Saturation Magnetization -- 6.4 Molecular Field Theory -- 6.5 Hexagonal Ferrites -- 6.6 Other Ferrimagnetic Substances -- 6.7 Summary: Kinds of Magnetism -- Problems -- 7. Magnetic Anisotropy -- 7.1 Introduction -- 7.2 Anisotropy in Cubic Crystals -- 7.3 Anisotropy in Hexagonal Crystals -- 7.4 Physical Origin of Crystal Anisotropy.
7.5 Anisotropy Measurement -- 7.6 Anisotropy Measurement (from Magnetization Curves) -- 7.7 Anisotropy Constants -- 7.8 Polycrystalline materials -- 7.9 Anisotropy in Antiferromagnetics -- 7.10 Shape Anisotropy -- 7.11 Mixed Anisotrophies. -- Problems -- 8. Magnetostriction and the Effects of Stress -- 8.1 Introduction -- 8.2 Magnetostriction of Single Crystals -- 8.3 Magnetostriction of Polycrystals -- 8.4 Physical Origin of Magnetostriction -- 8.5 Effect of Stress on Magnetic Properties -- 8.6 Effect of Stress on Magnetostriction -- 8.7 Applications of Magnetostriction -- 8.8 E Effect -- 8.9 Magnetoresistance -- Problems -- 9. Domains and the Magnetization Process -- 9.1 Introduction -- 9.2 Domain Wall Structure -- 9.3 Domain Wall Observation -- 9.4 Magnetostatic Energy and Domain Structure -- 9.5 Single-Domain Particles -- 9.6 Micromagnetics -- 9.7 Domain Wall Motion -- 9.8 Hindrances to Wall Motion (Inclusions) -- 9.9 Residual Stress -- 9.10 Hindrances to Wall Motion (Microstress) -- 9.11 Hindrances to Wall Motion (General) -- 9.12 Magnetization by Rotation -- 9.13 Magnetization in Low Fields -- 9.14 Magnetization in High Fields -- 9.15 Shapes of Hysteresis Loops -- 9.16 Effect of Plastic Deformation (Cold Work) -- Problems -- 10. Induced Magnetic Anisotropy -- 10.1 Introduction -- 10.2 Magnetic Annealing (Substitutional Solid Solutions) -- 10.3 Magnetic Annealing (Interstitial Solid Solutions) -- 10.4 Stress Annealing -- 10.5 Plastic Deformation (Alloys) -- 10.6 Plastic Deformation (Pure Metals) -- 10.7 Magnetic Irradiation -- 10.8 Summary of Anisotropies -- 11. Fine Particles and Thin Films -- 11.1 Introduction -- 11.2 Single-Domain vs Multi-Domain Behavior -- 11.3 Coercivity of Fine Particles -- 11.4 Magnetization Reversal by Spin Rotation -- 11.5 Magnetization Reversal by Wall Motion -- 11.6 Superparamagnetism in Fine particles -- 11.7 Superparamagnetism in Alloys -- 11.8 Exchange Anisotropy -- 11.9 Preparation and Structure of Thin Films -- 11.10 Induced Anisotropy in Films.
11.11 Domain Walls in Films -- 11.12 Domains in Films -- Problems -- 12. Magnetization Dynamics -- 12.1 Introduction -- 12.2 Eddy Currents -- 12.3 Domain Wall Velocity -- 12.4 Switching in Thin Films -- 12.5 Time Effects -- 12.6 Magnetic Damping -- 12.7 Magnetic Resonance -- Problems -- 13. Soft Magnetic Materials -- 13.1 Introduction -- 13.2 Eddy Currents -- 13.3 Losses in Electrical Machines -- 13.4 Electrical Steel -- 13.5 Special Alloys -- 13.6 Soft Ferrites -- Problems -- 14. Hard Magnetic Materials -- 14.1 Introduction -- 14.2 Operation of Permanent Magnets -- 14.3 Magnet Steels -- 14.4 Alnico -- 14.5 Barium and Strontium Ferrite -- 14.6 Rare Earth Magnets -- 14.7 Exchange-Spring Magnets -- 14.8 Nitride Magnets -- 14.9 Ductile Permanent Magnets -- 14.10 Artificial Single Domain Particle -- 14.11 Bonded Magnets -- 14.12 Magnet Stability -- 14.13 Summary of Magnetically Hard Materials -- 14.14 Applications -- Problems -- 15. Magnetic Materials for Recording and Computers -- 15.1 Introduction -- 15.2 Magnetic Recording -- 15.3 Principles of Magnetic Recording -- 15.4 Magnetic Digital Recording -- 15.5 Perpendicular Recording -- 15.6 Possible Future Developments -- 15.7 Magneto-Optic Recording -- 15.8 Magnetic Memory -- 16. Magnetic Properties of Superconductors -- 16.1 Introduction -- 16.2 Type I Superconductors -- 16.3 Type II Superconductors -- 16.4 Susceptibility Measurements -- 16.5 Demagnetizing Effects -- Appendix 1. Dipole Fields and Energies -- Appendix 2. Data on Ferromagnetic Elements -- Appendix 3. Conversion of Units -- Appendix 4. Physical Constants -- Index.
Record Nr. UNINA-9910145959403321
Cullity B. D. (Bernard Dennis)  
Hoboken, New Jersey : , : IEEE/Wiley, , c2009
Materiale a stampa
Lo trovi qui: Univ. Federico II
Opac: Controlla la disponibilità qui
Introduction to magnetic materials / / B.D. Cullity, C.D. Graham
Introduction to magnetic materials / / B.D. Cullity, C.D. Graham
Autore Cullity B. D. (Bernard Dennis)
Edizione [2nd ed.]
Pubbl/distr/stampa Hoboken, New Jersey : , : IEEE/Wiley, , c2009
Descrizione fisica 1 online resource (564 p.)
Disciplina 538.4
538/.4
Altri autori (Persone) GrahamC. D (Chad D.)
Soggetto topico Magnetism
Magnetic materials
ISBN 0-470-65344-2
1-118-21149-9
1-282-13693-3
9786612136931
0-470-38632-0
0-470-38631-2
Formato Materiale a stampa
Livello bibliografico Monografia
Lingua di pubblicazione eng
Nota di contenuto Preface to the First Edition -- Preface to the Second Edition -- 1. Definitions and Units -- 1.1 Introduction -- 1.2 The cgs-emu System of Units -- 1.3 Magnetic Moment -- 1.4 Intensity of Magnetization -- 1.5 Magnetic Dipoles -- 1.6 Magnetic Effects of Currents -- 1.7 Magnetic Materials -- 1.8 SI Units -- 1.9 Magnetization Curves and Hysteresis Loops -- 2. Experimental Methods -- 2.1 Introduction -- 2.2 Field Production By Solenoids -- 2.3 Field Production by Electromagnets -- 2.4 Field Production by Permanent Magnets -- 2.5 Measurement of Field Strength -- 2.6 Magnetic Measurements in Closed Circuits -- 2.7 Demagnetizing Fields -- 2.8 Magnetic Shielding -- 2.9 Demagnetizing Factors -- 2.10 Magnetic Measurements in Open Circuits -- 2.11 Instruments for Measuring Magnetization -- 2.12 Magnetic Circuits and Permeameters -- 2.13 Susceptibility Measurements -- Problems -- 3. Diamagnetism and Paramagnetism -- 3.1 Introduction -- 3.2 Magnetic Moments of Electrons -- 3.3 Magnetic Moments of Atoms -- 3.4 Theory of Diamagnetism -- 3.5 Diagmagnetic Substances -- 3.6 Classical Theory of Paramagnetism -- 3.7 Quantum Theory of Paramagnetism -- 3.8 Paramagnetic Substances -- Problems -- 4. Ferromagnetism -- 4.1 Introduction -- 4.2 Molecular Field Theory -- 4.3 Exchange Forces -- 4.4 Band Theory -- 4.5 Ferromagnetic Alloys -- 4.6 Thermal Effects -- 4.7 Theories of Ferromagnetism -- 4.8 Magnetic Analysis -- Problems -- 5. Antiferromagnetism -- 5.1 Introduction -- 5.2 Molecular Field Theory -- 5.3 Neutron Diffraction -- 5.4 Rare Earths -- 5.5 Antiferromagnetic Alloys -- Problems -- 6. Ferrimagnetism -- 6.1 Introduction -- 6.2 Structure of Cubic Ferrites -- 6.3 Saturation Magnetization -- 6.4 Molecular Field Theory -- 6.5 Hexagonal Ferrites -- 6.6 Other Ferrimagnetic Substances -- 6.7 Summary: Kinds of Magnetism -- Problems -- 7. Magnetic Anisotropy -- 7.1 Introduction -- 7.2 Anisotropy in Cubic Crystals -- 7.3 Anisotropy in Hexagonal Crystals -- 7.4 Physical Origin of Crystal Anisotropy.
7.5 Anisotropy Measurement -- 7.6 Anisotropy Measurement (from Magnetization Curves) -- 7.7 Anisotropy Constants -- 7.8 Polycrystalline materials -- 7.9 Anisotropy in Antiferromagnetics -- 7.10 Shape Anisotropy -- 7.11 Mixed Anisotrophies. -- Problems -- 8. Magnetostriction and the Effects of Stress -- 8.1 Introduction -- 8.2 Magnetostriction of Single Crystals -- 8.3 Magnetostriction of Polycrystals -- 8.4 Physical Origin of Magnetostriction -- 8.5 Effect of Stress on Magnetic Properties -- 8.6 Effect of Stress on Magnetostriction -- 8.7 Applications of Magnetostriction -- 8.8 E Effect -- 8.9 Magnetoresistance -- Problems -- 9. Domains and the Magnetization Process -- 9.1 Introduction -- 9.2 Domain Wall Structure -- 9.3 Domain Wall Observation -- 9.4 Magnetostatic Energy and Domain Structure -- 9.5 Single-Domain Particles -- 9.6 Micromagnetics -- 9.7 Domain Wall Motion -- 9.8 Hindrances to Wall Motion (Inclusions) -- 9.9 Residual Stress -- 9.10 Hindrances to Wall Motion (Microstress) -- 9.11 Hindrances to Wall Motion (General) -- 9.12 Magnetization by Rotation -- 9.13 Magnetization in Low Fields -- 9.14 Magnetization in High Fields -- 9.15 Shapes of Hysteresis Loops -- 9.16 Effect of Plastic Deformation (Cold Work) -- Problems -- 10. Induced Magnetic Anisotropy -- 10.1 Introduction -- 10.2 Magnetic Annealing (Substitutional Solid Solutions) -- 10.3 Magnetic Annealing (Interstitial Solid Solutions) -- 10.4 Stress Annealing -- 10.5 Plastic Deformation (Alloys) -- 10.6 Plastic Deformation (Pure Metals) -- 10.7 Magnetic Irradiation -- 10.8 Summary of Anisotropies -- 11. Fine Particles and Thin Films -- 11.1 Introduction -- 11.2 Single-Domain vs Multi-Domain Behavior -- 11.3 Coercivity of Fine Particles -- 11.4 Magnetization Reversal by Spin Rotation -- 11.5 Magnetization Reversal by Wall Motion -- 11.6 Superparamagnetism in Fine particles -- 11.7 Superparamagnetism in Alloys -- 11.8 Exchange Anisotropy -- 11.9 Preparation and Structure of Thin Films -- 11.10 Induced Anisotropy in Films.
11.11 Domain Walls in Films -- 11.12 Domains in Films -- Problems -- 12. Magnetization Dynamics -- 12.1 Introduction -- 12.2 Eddy Currents -- 12.3 Domain Wall Velocity -- 12.4 Switching in Thin Films -- 12.5 Time Effects -- 12.6 Magnetic Damping -- 12.7 Magnetic Resonance -- Problems -- 13. Soft Magnetic Materials -- 13.1 Introduction -- 13.2 Eddy Currents -- 13.3 Losses in Electrical Machines -- 13.4 Electrical Steel -- 13.5 Special Alloys -- 13.6 Soft Ferrites -- Problems -- 14. Hard Magnetic Materials -- 14.1 Introduction -- 14.2 Operation of Permanent Magnets -- 14.3 Magnet Steels -- 14.4 Alnico -- 14.5 Barium and Strontium Ferrite -- 14.6 Rare Earth Magnets -- 14.7 Exchange-Spring Magnets -- 14.8 Nitride Magnets -- 14.9 Ductile Permanent Magnets -- 14.10 Artificial Single Domain Particle -- 14.11 Bonded Magnets -- 14.12 Magnet Stability -- 14.13 Summary of Magnetically Hard Materials -- 14.14 Applications -- Problems -- 15. Magnetic Materials for Recording and Computers -- 15.1 Introduction -- 15.2 Magnetic Recording -- 15.3 Principles of Magnetic Recording -- 15.4 Magnetic Digital Recording -- 15.5 Perpendicular Recording -- 15.6 Possible Future Developments -- 15.7 Magneto-Optic Recording -- 15.8 Magnetic Memory -- 16. Magnetic Properties of Superconductors -- 16.1 Introduction -- 16.2 Type I Superconductors -- 16.3 Type II Superconductors -- 16.4 Susceptibility Measurements -- 16.5 Demagnetizing Effects -- Appendix 1. Dipole Fields and Energies -- Appendix 2. Data on Ferromagnetic Elements -- Appendix 3. Conversion of Units -- Appendix 4. Physical Constants -- Index.
Record Nr. UNINA-9910830688503321
Cullity B. D. (Bernard Dennis)  
Hoboken, New Jersey : , : IEEE/Wiley, , c2009
Materiale a stampa
Lo trovi qui: Univ. Federico II
Opac: Controlla la disponibilità qui
Introduction to magnetic materials / / B.D. Cullity, C.D. Graham
Introduction to magnetic materials / / B.D. Cullity, C.D. Graham
Autore Cullity B. D (Bernard Dennis)
Edizione [2nd ed.]
Pubbl/distr/stampa Hoboken, N.J., : IEEE/Wiley, c2009
Descrizione fisica 1 online resource (564 p.)
Disciplina 538/.4
Altri autori (Persone) GrahamC. D (Chad D.)
Soggetto topico Magnetism
Magnetic materials
ISBN 9786612136931
9780470653449
0470653442
9781118211496
1118211499
9781282136939
1282136933
9780470386323
0470386320
9780470386316
0470386312
Formato Materiale a stampa
Livello bibliografico Monografia
Lingua di pubblicazione eng
Nota di contenuto Preface to the First Edition -- Preface to the Second Edition -- 1. Definitions and Units -- 1.1 Introduction -- 1.2 The cgs-emu System of Units -- 1.3 Magnetic Moment -- 1.4 Intensity of Magnetization -- 1.5 Magnetic Dipoles -- 1.6 Magnetic Effects of Currents -- 1.7 Magnetic Materials -- 1.8 SI Units -- 1.9 Magnetization Curves and Hysteresis Loops -- 2. Experimental Methods -- 2.1 Introduction -- 2.2 Field Production By Solenoids -- 2.3 Field Production by Electromagnets -- 2.4 Field Production by Permanent Magnets -- 2.5 Measurement of Field Strength -- 2.6 Magnetic Measurements in Closed Circuits -- 2.7 Demagnetizing Fields -- 2.8 Magnetic Shielding -- 2.9 Demagnetizing Factors -- 2.10 Magnetic Measurements in Open Circuits -- 2.11 Instruments for Measuring Magnetization -- 2.12 Magnetic Circuits and Permeameters -- 2.13 Susceptibility Measurements -- Problems -- 3. Diamagnetism and Paramagnetism -- 3.1 Introduction -- 3.2 Magnetic Moments of Electrons -- 3.3 Magnetic Moments of Atoms -- 3.4 Theory of Diamagnetism -- 3.5 Diagmagnetic Substances -- 3.6 Classical Theory of Paramagnetism -- 3.7 Quantum Theory of Paramagnetism -- 3.8 Paramagnetic Substances -- Problems -- 4. Ferromagnetism -- 4.1 Introduction -- 4.2 Molecular Field Theory -- 4.3 Exchange Forces -- 4.4 Band Theory -- 4.5 Ferromagnetic Alloys -- 4.6 Thermal Effects -- 4.7 Theories of Ferromagnetism -- 4.8 Magnetic Analysis -- Problems -- 5. Antiferromagnetism -- 5.1 Introduction -- 5.2 Molecular Field Theory -- 5.3 Neutron Diffraction -- 5.4 Rare Earths -- 5.5 Antiferromagnetic Alloys -- Problems -- 6. Ferrimagnetism -- 6.1 Introduction -- 6.2 Structure of Cubic Ferrites -- 6.3 Saturation Magnetization -- 6.4 Molecular Field Theory -- 6.5 Hexagonal Ferrites -- 6.6 Other Ferrimagnetic Substances -- 6.7 Summary: Kinds of Magnetism -- Problems -- 7. Magnetic Anisotropy -- 7.1 Introduction -- 7.2 Anisotropy in Cubic Crystals -- 7.3 Anisotropy in Hexagonal Crystals -- 7.4 Physical Origin of Crystal Anisotropy.
7.5 Anisotropy Measurement -- 7.6 Anisotropy Measurement (from Magnetization Curves) -- 7.7 Anisotropy Constants -- 7.8 Polycrystalline materials -- 7.9 Anisotropy in Antiferromagnetics -- 7.10 Shape Anisotropy -- 7.11 Mixed Anisotrophies. -- Problems -- 8. Magnetostriction and the Effects of Stress -- 8.1 Introduction -- 8.2 Magnetostriction of Single Crystals -- 8.3 Magnetostriction of Polycrystals -- 8.4 Physical Origin of Magnetostriction -- 8.5 Effect of Stress on Magnetic Properties -- 8.6 Effect of Stress on Magnetostriction -- 8.7 Applications of Magnetostriction -- 8.8 E Effect -- 8.9 Magnetoresistance -- Problems -- 9. Domains and the Magnetization Process -- 9.1 Introduction -- 9.2 Domain Wall Structure -- 9.3 Domain Wall Observation -- 9.4 Magnetostatic Energy and Domain Structure -- 9.5 Single-Domain Particles -- 9.6 Micromagnetics -- 9.7 Domain Wall Motion -- 9.8 Hindrances to Wall Motion (Inclusions) -- 9.9 Residual Stress -- 9.10 Hindrances to Wall Motion (Microstress) -- 9.11 Hindrances to Wall Motion (General) -- 9.12 Magnetization by Rotation -- 9.13 Magnetization in Low Fields -- 9.14 Magnetization in High Fields -- 9.15 Shapes of Hysteresis Loops -- 9.16 Effect of Plastic Deformation (Cold Work) -- Problems -- 10. Induced Magnetic Anisotropy -- 10.1 Introduction -- 10.2 Magnetic Annealing (Substitutional Solid Solutions) -- 10.3 Magnetic Annealing (Interstitial Solid Solutions) -- 10.4 Stress Annealing -- 10.5 Plastic Deformation (Alloys) -- 10.6 Plastic Deformation (Pure Metals) -- 10.7 Magnetic Irradiation -- 10.8 Summary of Anisotropies -- 11. Fine Particles and Thin Films -- 11.1 Introduction -- 11.2 Single-Domain vs Multi-Domain Behavior -- 11.3 Coercivity of Fine Particles -- 11.4 Magnetization Reversal by Spin Rotation -- 11.5 Magnetization Reversal by Wall Motion -- 11.6 Superparamagnetism in Fine particles -- 11.7 Superparamagnetism in Alloys -- 11.8 Exchange Anisotropy -- 11.9 Preparation and Structure of Thin Films -- 11.10 Induced Anisotropy in Films.
11.11 Domain Walls in Films -- 11.12 Domains in Films -- Problems -- 12. Magnetization Dynamics -- 12.1 Introduction -- 12.2 Eddy Currents -- 12.3 Domain Wall Velocity -- 12.4 Switching in Thin Films -- 12.5 Time Effects -- 12.6 Magnetic Damping -- 12.7 Magnetic Resonance -- Problems -- 13. Soft Magnetic Materials -- 13.1 Introduction -- 13.2 Eddy Currents -- 13.3 Losses in Electrical Machines -- 13.4 Electrical Steel -- 13.5 Special Alloys -- 13.6 Soft Ferrites -- Problems -- 14. Hard Magnetic Materials -- 14.1 Introduction -- 14.2 Operation of Permanent Magnets -- 14.3 Magnet Steels -- 14.4 Alnico -- 14.5 Barium and Strontium Ferrite -- 14.6 Rare Earth Magnets -- 14.7 Exchange-Spring Magnets -- 14.8 Nitride Magnets -- 14.9 Ductile Permanent Magnets -- 14.10 Artificial Single Domain Particle -- 14.11 Bonded Magnets -- 14.12 Magnet Stability -- 14.13 Summary of Magnetically Hard Materials -- 14.14 Applications -- Problems -- 15. Magnetic Materials for Recording and Computers -- 15.1 Introduction -- 15.2 Magnetic Recording -- 15.3 Principles of Magnetic Recording -- 15.4 Magnetic Digital Recording -- 15.5 Perpendicular Recording -- 15.6 Possible Future Developments -- 15.7 Magneto-Optic Recording -- 15.8 Magnetic Memory -- 16. Magnetic Properties of Superconductors -- 16.1 Introduction -- 16.2 Type I Superconductors -- 16.3 Type II Superconductors -- 16.4 Susceptibility Measurements -- 16.5 Demagnetizing Effects -- Appendix 1. Dipole Fields and Energies -- Appendix 2. Data on Ferromagnetic Elements -- Appendix 3. Conversion of Units -- Appendix 4. Physical Constants -- Index.
Record Nr. UNINA-9911019713703321
Cullity B. D (Bernard Dennis)  
Hoboken, N.J., : IEEE/Wiley, c2009
Materiale a stampa
Lo trovi qui: Univ. Federico II
Opac: Controlla la disponibilità qui
Power system monitoring and control / / Hassan Bevrani, University of Kurdistan, Iran, Kyushu Institute of Technology (Visiting Professor), Japan, Masayuki Watanabe, Kyushu Institute of Technology, Japan, Yasunori Mitani, Kyushu Institute of Technology, Japan
Power system monitoring and control / / Hassan Bevrani, University of Kurdistan, Iran, Kyushu Institute of Technology (Visiting Professor), Japan, Masayuki Watanabe, Kyushu Institute of Technology, Japan, Yasunori Mitani, Kyushu Institute of Technology, Japan
Autore Bevrani Hassan
Edizione [1st edition]
Pubbl/distr/stampa Hoboken, New Jersey : , : IEEE/Wiley, , [2014]
Descrizione fisica 1 online resource (289 p.)
Disciplina 621.31/7
Altri autori (Persone) WatanabeMasayuki (Electrical engineer)
MitaniYasunori
Soggetto topico Electric power systems - Control
ISBN 1-118-85242-7
1-118-85247-8
1-118-85264-8
Classificazione TEC031010
Formato Materiale a stampa
Livello bibliografico Monografia
Lingua di pubblicazione eng
Nota di contenuto Preface vii -- About the Author ix -- About the Contributor ix -- INTRODUCTION 1 -- Chapter 1: Beginning Your CPA Review Program 3 -- Chapter 2: Examination Grading 17 -- Chapter 3: The Solutions Approach 19 -- Chapter 4: Taking The Examination 27 -- Chapter 5: Exam Content Overview 31 -- FINANCIAL ACCOUNTING AND REPORTING 39 -- Module 9: Basic Theory and Financial Reporting 41 -- Module 10: Inventory 217 -- Module 11: Fixed Assets 267 -- Module 12: Monetary Current Assets and Current Liabilities 329 -- Module 13: Present Value 395 -- Module 14: Deferred Taxes 537 -- Module 15: Stockholders' Equity 577 -- Module 16: Investments 639 -- Module 17: Statement of Cash Flows 687 -- Module 18: Business Combinations and Consolidations 725 -- Module 19: Derivative Instruments and Hedging Activities 785 -- Module 20: Miscellaneous 825 -- Module 21: Governmental (State and Local) Accounting 897 -- Module 22: Not-for-Profit Accounting 983 -- APPENDICES 1017 -- Appendix A: Outlines of Accounting Pronouncements 1019 -- Appendix B: Financial Accounting and Reporting Sample Examination 1137 -- Appendix C: Sample Financial Accounting and Reporting Testlet Released by AICPA 1171 -- Appendix D: 2014 Released AICPA Questions for Financial Accounting and Reporting 1179 -- INDEX 1201
Record Nr. UNINA-9910132210803321
Bevrani Hassan  
Hoboken, New Jersey : , : IEEE/Wiley, , [2014]
Materiale a stampa
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Power system monitoring and control / / Hassan Bevrani, University of Kurdistan, Iran, Kyushu Institute of Technology (Visiting Professor), Japan, Masayuki Watanabe, Kyushu Institute of Technology, Japan, Yasunori Mitani, Kyushu Institute of Technology, Japan
Power system monitoring and control / / Hassan Bevrani, University of Kurdistan, Iran, Kyushu Institute of Technology (Visiting Professor), Japan, Masayuki Watanabe, Kyushu Institute of Technology, Japan, Yasunori Mitani, Kyushu Institute of Technology, Japan
Autore Bevrani Hassan
Edizione [1st edition]
Pubbl/distr/stampa Hoboken, New Jersey : , : IEEE/Wiley, , [2014]
Descrizione fisica 1 online resource (289 p.)
Disciplina 621.31/7
Altri autori (Persone) WatanabeMasayuki (Electrical engineer)
MitaniYasunori
Soggetto topico Electric power systems - Control
ISBN 1-118-85242-7
1-118-85247-8
1-118-85264-8
Classificazione TEC031010
Formato Materiale a stampa
Livello bibliografico Monografia
Lingua di pubblicazione eng
Nota di contenuto Preface vii -- About the Author ix -- About the Contributor ix -- INTRODUCTION 1 -- Chapter 1: Beginning Your CPA Review Program 3 -- Chapter 2: Examination Grading 17 -- Chapter 3: The Solutions Approach 19 -- Chapter 4: Taking The Examination 27 -- Chapter 5: Exam Content Overview 31 -- FINANCIAL ACCOUNTING AND REPORTING 39 -- Module 9: Basic Theory and Financial Reporting 41 -- Module 10: Inventory 217 -- Module 11: Fixed Assets 267 -- Module 12: Monetary Current Assets and Current Liabilities 329 -- Module 13: Present Value 395 -- Module 14: Deferred Taxes 537 -- Module 15: Stockholders' Equity 577 -- Module 16: Investments 639 -- Module 17: Statement of Cash Flows 687 -- Module 18: Business Combinations and Consolidations 725 -- Module 19: Derivative Instruments and Hedging Activities 785 -- Module 20: Miscellaneous 825 -- Module 21: Governmental (State and Local) Accounting 897 -- Module 22: Not-for-Profit Accounting 983 -- APPENDICES 1017 -- Appendix A: Outlines of Accounting Pronouncements 1019 -- Appendix B: Financial Accounting and Reporting Sample Examination 1137 -- Appendix C: Sample Financial Accounting and Reporting Testlet Released by AICPA 1171 -- Appendix D: 2014 Released AICPA Questions for Financial Accounting and Reporting 1179 -- INDEX 1201
Record Nr. UNINA-9910825646203321
Bevrani Hassan  
Hoboken, New Jersey : , : IEEE/Wiley, , [2014]
Materiale a stampa
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Radio over fiber for wireless communications : from fundamentals to advanced topics / / Xavier Fernando, Ryerson University, Canada
Radio over fiber for wireless communications : from fundamentals to advanced topics / / Xavier Fernando, Ryerson University, Canada
Autore Fernando Xavier
Edizione [1st edition]
Pubbl/distr/stampa Hoboken [New Jersey] : , : IEEE/Wiley, , 2014
Descrizione fisica 1 online resource (275 p.)
Disciplina 621.39/81
Collana Wiley - IEEE
Soggetto topico FiWi access networks
ISBN 1-118-79704-3
1-306-87638-9
1-118-79705-1
Classificazione TEC061000
Formato Materiale a stampa
Livello bibliografico Monografia
Lingua di pubblicazione eng
Nota di contenuto Machine generated contents note: Foreword ix Preface xi Acknowledgements xv 1 Introduction 1 1.1 Motivation 1 1.2 Basic Fi-Wi System Architecture 10 1.3 Major Issues 12 1.4 Other Fiber Feeder Approaches 13 1.5 Book Outline 14 2 Important Fi-Wi Link Elements 17 2.1 RF-Optical Modulation 17 2.2 The Fiber Channel 29 2.3 Optical Receiver 36 2.4 Brief Review of Baseband-RF Modulation Techniques 40 2.5 The Wireless Channel 42 3 Power Link Budget and Cumulating SNR 49 3.1 Introduction 49 3.2 System Description 50 3.3 Optical Signal to Noise Ratio (OSNR) 51 3.4 Cumulative Signal to Noise Ratio (cSNR) 57 3.5 RAP Design Considerations 58 3.6 Summary 62 4 An Improved Expression for Relative Intensity Noise 63 4.1 Basics 63 4.2 The Fundamental Noise Processes in Radio over Fiber Links 64 4.3 The Signal to Noise Ratio 69 4.4 Numerical Evaluation and Discussion 71 4.5 Summary 72 5 Subcarrier Multiplexed ROF Downlink 75 5.1 Introduction 75 5.2 Background 75 5.3 The ROF Downlink Channel 77 5.4 The Wireless Downlink Channel 91 5.5 Numerical Evaluation and Discussion 92 6 Subcarrier Multiplexed ROF Uplink 97 6.1 The Wireless Uplink Channel 97 6.2 The ROF Uplink Channel 99 6.3 Signals to Distortion, Interference and Noise Ratios 111 6.4 Numerical Evaluations and Discussion 113 6.5 Summary 115 7 Externally Modulated ROF Links 121 7.1 Mach-Zehnder Modulator 121 7.2 Electro-Absorption Modulator (EAM) 125 7.3 Reflective Semiconductor Optical Amplifier (RSOA) 128 7.4 Optimization of the MZI Bias Voltage 128 7.5 Subcarrier Multiplexed Signals in MZI 135 8 DSP Modeling of the ROF Link Nonlinearity 141 8.1 Introduction 141 8.2 Various Attempts to Reduce NLD 142 8.3 DSP Approaches 144 8.4 Basics of DSP for Nonlinear Systems 146 8.5 Baseband Representation of a Passband Complex Nonlinear System 148 8.6 Nonlinear Modeling of Fi-Wi Link 149 9 Adaptive Compensation for the ROF Link Nonlinearity 151 9.1 Adaptive Modeling of the ROF Link 151 9.2 Asymmetric Compensation 159 9.3 Summary 169 10 Joint Estimation of the Fiber Wireless Channel 171 10.1 The Wiener and Hammerstein System Model for Fi-Wi Links 171 10.2 Fiber-Wireless Channel Estimation 172 10.3 Case Study 180 10.4 Summary 182 11 Joint Equalization for the Fiber Wireless Channel 185 11.1 Equalization of the Wireless Channel 185 11.2 Optimization of Polynomial Filter Parameters 189 11.3 Optimization of Linear Filter Parameters 191 11.4 Summary 196 12 Performance Evaluation of the Hammerstein type DFE 197 12.1 Evaluation of the Polynomial Filter 197 12.2 Evaluation of Linear Filters 203 12.3 Case Study 204 12.4 Summary 212 13 Multiuser CDMA Fi-Wi Systems 213 13.1 Multiuser Fi-Wi Uplink Model 213 13.2 Correlation Relationships 215 13.3 ROF Channel Estimation 220 13.4 Case Study 221 13.5 Fiber-Wireless Uplink Equalization 224 13.6 Equalization: Simulation Results and Discussion 225 13.7 Summary 227 14 Fi-Wi for 4G, 5G and OFDM Wireless Networks 229 14.1 Brief History of Cellular Communication Systems 230 14.2 Wireless Access Schemes 232 14.3 Peak to Average Power Ratio Reduction Techniques 235 14.4 OFDM ROF System Improvement 237 14.5 Combinations of OFDMA and CDMA 241 14.6 Summary 242 References 243 References 248 List of Abbreviations 249 .
Record Nr. UNINA-9910141554703321
Fernando Xavier  
Hoboken [New Jersey] : , : IEEE/Wiley, , 2014
Materiale a stampa
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Radio over fiber for wireless communications : from fundamentals to advanced topics / / Xavier Fernando, Ryerson University, Canada
Radio over fiber for wireless communications : from fundamentals to advanced topics / / Xavier Fernando, Ryerson University, Canada
Autore Fernando Xavier
Edizione [1st edition]
Pubbl/distr/stampa Hoboken [New Jersey] : , : IEEE/Wiley, , 2014
Descrizione fisica 1 online resource (275 p.)
Disciplina 621.39/81
Collana Wiley - IEEE
Soggetto topico FiWi access networks
ISBN 1-118-79704-3
1-306-87638-9
1-118-79705-1
Classificazione TEC061000
Formato Materiale a stampa
Livello bibliografico Monografia
Lingua di pubblicazione eng
Nota di contenuto Machine generated contents note: Foreword ix Preface xi Acknowledgements xv 1 Introduction 1 1.1 Motivation 1 1.2 Basic Fi-Wi System Architecture 10 1.3 Major Issues 12 1.4 Other Fiber Feeder Approaches 13 1.5 Book Outline 14 2 Important Fi-Wi Link Elements 17 2.1 RF-Optical Modulation 17 2.2 The Fiber Channel 29 2.3 Optical Receiver 36 2.4 Brief Review of Baseband-RF Modulation Techniques 40 2.5 The Wireless Channel 42 3 Power Link Budget and Cumulating SNR 49 3.1 Introduction 49 3.2 System Description 50 3.3 Optical Signal to Noise Ratio (OSNR) 51 3.4 Cumulative Signal to Noise Ratio (cSNR) 57 3.5 RAP Design Considerations 58 3.6 Summary 62 4 An Improved Expression for Relative Intensity Noise 63 4.1 Basics 63 4.2 The Fundamental Noise Processes in Radio over Fiber Links 64 4.3 The Signal to Noise Ratio 69 4.4 Numerical Evaluation and Discussion 71 4.5 Summary 72 5 Subcarrier Multiplexed ROF Downlink 75 5.1 Introduction 75 5.2 Background 75 5.3 The ROF Downlink Channel 77 5.4 The Wireless Downlink Channel 91 5.5 Numerical Evaluation and Discussion 92 6 Subcarrier Multiplexed ROF Uplink 97 6.1 The Wireless Uplink Channel 97 6.2 The ROF Uplink Channel 99 6.3 Signals to Distortion, Interference and Noise Ratios 111 6.4 Numerical Evaluations and Discussion 113 6.5 Summary 115 7 Externally Modulated ROF Links 121 7.1 Mach-Zehnder Modulator 121 7.2 Electro-Absorption Modulator (EAM) 125 7.3 Reflective Semiconductor Optical Amplifier (RSOA) 128 7.4 Optimization of the MZI Bias Voltage 128 7.5 Subcarrier Multiplexed Signals in MZI 135 8 DSP Modeling of the ROF Link Nonlinearity 141 8.1 Introduction 141 8.2 Various Attempts to Reduce NLD 142 8.3 DSP Approaches 144 8.4 Basics of DSP for Nonlinear Systems 146 8.5 Baseband Representation of a Passband Complex Nonlinear System 148 8.6 Nonlinear Modeling of Fi-Wi Link 149 9 Adaptive Compensation for the ROF Link Nonlinearity 151 9.1 Adaptive Modeling of the ROF Link 151 9.2 Asymmetric Compensation 159 9.3 Summary 169 10 Joint Estimation of the Fiber Wireless Channel 171 10.1 The Wiener and Hammerstein System Model for Fi-Wi Links 171 10.2 Fiber-Wireless Channel Estimation 172 10.3 Case Study 180 10.4 Summary 182 11 Joint Equalization for the Fiber Wireless Channel 185 11.1 Equalization of the Wireless Channel 185 11.2 Optimization of Polynomial Filter Parameters 189 11.3 Optimization of Linear Filter Parameters 191 11.4 Summary 196 12 Performance Evaluation of the Hammerstein type DFE 197 12.1 Evaluation of the Polynomial Filter 197 12.2 Evaluation of Linear Filters 203 12.3 Case Study 204 12.4 Summary 212 13 Multiuser CDMA Fi-Wi Systems 213 13.1 Multiuser Fi-Wi Uplink Model 213 13.2 Correlation Relationships 215 13.3 ROF Channel Estimation 220 13.4 Case Study 221 13.5 Fiber-Wireless Uplink Equalization 224 13.6 Equalization: Simulation Results and Discussion 225 13.7 Summary 227 14 Fi-Wi for 4G, 5G and OFDM Wireless Networks 229 14.1 Brief History of Cellular Communication Systems 230 14.2 Wireless Access Schemes 232 14.3 Peak to Average Power Ratio Reduction Techniques 235 14.4 OFDM ROF System Improvement 237 14.5 Combinations of OFDMA and CDMA 241 14.6 Summary 242 References 243 References 248 List of Abbreviations 249 .
Record Nr. UNINA-9910812937303321
Fernando Xavier  
Hoboken [New Jersey] : , : IEEE/Wiley, , 2014
Materiale a stampa
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The selection process of biomass materials for the production of bio-fuels and co-firing / / Najib Altawell
The selection process of biomass materials for the production of bio-fuels and co-firing / / Najib Altawell
Autore Altawell Najib
Pubbl/distr/stampa Hoboken, New Jersey : , : IEEE/Wiley, , [2014]
Descrizione fisica 1 online resource (379 p.)
Disciplina 662.88
Collana IEEE press series on power engineering
Soggetto topico Biomass chemicals
Renewable energy sources
ISBN 1-118-85260-5
1-118-85246-X
1-118-85248-6
Classificazione TEC003070
Formato Materiale a stampa
Livello bibliografico Monografia
Lingua di pubblicazione eng
Nota di contenuto Preface xv -- Acknowledgments xvii -- Abbreviations xix -- 1 Introduction 1 -- 1.1 Why This Book? / 1 -- 1.2 The Book Structure / 2 -- 1.2.1 Introduction / 2 -- 1.2.2 Structure / 3 -- 1.3 Energy Utilization / 5 -- 1.4 The Need for Effective Biomass Utilization / 7 -- 1.5 Renewable Energy Impact on Biomass Economy / 7 -- 1.6 Summary / 9 -- References / 10 -- 2 Background 13 -- 2.1 Renewable Energy: A Brief Outlook / 13 -- 2.1.1 Introduction / 13 -- 2.1.2 Old Graphs / 15 -- 2.2 Wind / 16 -- 2.3 Water / 17 -- 2.4 Geothermal / 17 -- 2.5 Solar / 19 -- 2.5.1 Solar Cells / 20 -- 2.5.2 Solar Water Heating / 20 -- 2.5.3 Solar Furnaces / 20 -- 2.6 Biomass / 21 -- 2.7 Biomass as a Source of Energy / 24 -- 2.7.1 Energy Crops / 27 -- 2.7.2 Examples of Energy Crops / 29 -- 2.7.3 Biomass Utilization / 30 -- 2.7.4 Biomass and Coal Components / 31 -- 2.7.5 Types of Energy Crop Needed / 32 -- 2.7.6 Biomass Energy Infl uencing Factors / 33 -- 2.7.7 Characteristics/Co-fi ring Properties and Testing Method / 35 -- 2.8 Biomass Applications / 36 -- 2.8.1 Bio-fuels / 36 -- 2.8.2 Electricity Generation / 37 -- 2.8.3 Heat, Steam, and CHP / 37 -- 2.8.4 Combustible Gas / 38 -- 2.8.5 Additional Bio-energy Technologies / 41 -- 2.9 Co-fi ring / 42 -- 2.9.1 Barriers for Biomass Co-firing / 43 -- 2.9.2 Additional Challenges for Co-firing / 44 -- 2.9.3 Further Advancement in Co-firing Engineering / 44 -- 2.9.4 Promoting Co-firing / 45 -- 2.10 System Engineering / 46 -- 2.11 Biomass Conversion Systems / 48 -- 2.12 Energy Crops Scheme (U.K.) / 49 -- 2.13 Renewable Obligation Certificate (ROC) (U.K.) / 52 -- 2.14 Climate Change Levy Exemption Certificate (LEC) (U.K.) / 52 -- 2.15 Conclusion / 53 -- References / 56 -- 3 Co-firing Issues 61 -- 3.1 Technical and Engineering Issues / 61 -- 3.1.1 Introduction / 61 -- 3.1.2 Hardware and Biomass Materials / 62 -- 3.2 Technical and Hardware Issues / 62 -- 3.3 Milling / 65 -- 3.4 Fuel Mixing / 66 -- 3.5 The Combustion System / 71 -- 3.5.1 Boilers / 71 -- 3.6 By-products / 75.
3.6.1 Ash Formation and Deposition / 75 -- 3.7 Degradation / 76 -- 3.8 Conclusion / 77 -- References / 80 -- 4 Samples 83 -- 4.1 Selected Samples / 83 -- 4.1.1 Introduction / 83 -- 4.2 Samples General Descriptions / 84 -- 4.2.1 The Reference Samples / 84 -- 4.3 Main Samples / 91 -- 4.3.1 Introduction / 91 -- 4.3.2 Crops Basic Composition / 92 -- 4.3.3 Crops and Oil Sources / 93 -- 4.3.4 Oil Quality and Standard / 94 -- 4.3.5 Crops Photosynthesis / 94 -- 4.3.6 Energy Crops Environmental Effect / 95 -- 4.3.7 Corn (Zea mays L.) / 96 -- 4.3.8 Wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) / 103 -- 4.3.9 Miscanthus (Miscanthus sinensis) / 108 -- 4.3.10 Rice (Oryza sativa) / 115 -- 4.3.11 Barley (Hordeum vulgare subsp.) / 121 -- 4.3.12 Sunfl ower (Helianthus annuus) / 126 -- 4.3.13 Niger Seed (Guizotia abyssinica) / 134 -- 4.3.14 Rapeseed (Brassica napus) / 141 -- 4.4 Conclusion / 147 -- 4.4.1 Samples Selection / 148 -- 4.4.2 The Next Step / 150 -- References / 151 -- 5 Methodology: Part 1 161 -- 5.1 Methodology Approach / 161 -- 5.1.1 Introduction / 161 -- 5.2 The Pyramid / 162 -- 5.3 The Decision Tree / 164 -- 5.3.1 Steps for the Biomass Fuel / 164 -- 5.3.2 Three Numbers / 165 -- 5.4 Methodology Terms and Defi nition for BF and S&T / 166 -- 5.4.1 BF / 166 -- 5.4.2 S&T / 166 -- 5.5 BF and S&T Data / 166 -- 5.5.1 Why Are Data for the BF and S&T Needed? / 166 -- 5.5.2 How Are Data for the BF Obtained? / 168 -- 5.5.3 How Are Data for the S&T Obtained? / 170 -- 5.6 Scoring System / 170 -- 5.6.1 The Method / 170 -- 5.6.2 Calculating the Score When the Reference Sample Is Set in a Positive Mode / 172 -- 5.6.3 Calculating the Score When the Reference Sample Is Set in a Negative Mode / 172 -- 5.6.4 Boundaries for S&T / 174 -- 5.6.5 Boundaries for BF / 174 -- 5.6.6 Reference Sample Boundaries / 174 -- 5.6.7 Biomass Boundaries / 175 -- 5.6.8 Scoring Plan for BF / 176 -- 5.7 Methodology Survey / 177 -- 5.8 The Survey Method / 178 -- 5.8.1 Aim / 178 -- 5.8.2 Objective / 178 -- 5.8.3 What Is the Survey Looking For? / 178.
5.8.4 Survey Methodology / 178 -- 5.8.5 Mode / 179 -- 5.8.6 Mode Effect / 179 -- 5.8.7 Questionnaire Design / 179 -- 5.8.8 Sample Design / 179 -- 5.8.9 Sample Size / 180 -- 5.8.10 Pretesting and Piloting / 180 -- 5.8.11 Reducing and Dealing with Nonresponse / 180 -- 5.9 Conclusion / 181 -- References / 183 -- 6 Methodology: Part 2 185 -- 6.1 Introduction / 185 -- 6.1.1 Biomass Samples and Methodology / 186 -- 6.2 S&T Values Analysis / 186 -- 6.3 S&T Factor Evaluations / 187 -- 6.3.1 Energy Factor (EF) / 187 -- 6.3.2 Combustion Index Factor (CIF) / 190 -- 6.3.3 Volatile Matter Factor (VMF) / 193 -- 6.3.4 Moisture Factor (MF) / 195 -- 6.3.5 Ash Factor (AF) / 196 -- 6.3.6 Density Factor (DF) / 199 -- 6.3.7 Nitrogen Emission (Nx) Factor (NEF) / 201 -- 6.4 S&T Allocation Results / 203 -- 6.4.1 Introduction / 203 -- 6.4.2 The Priority List / 204 -- 6.5 Conclusion / 206 -- References / 208 -- 7 Methodology: Part 3 211 -- 7.1 BF Percentage Value Selection / 211 -- 7.1.1 Introduction / 211 -- 7.1.2 BF Subjective and Objective Factors / 212 -- 7.1.3 Percentage Allocation for BF / 212 -- 7.1.4 BF Values and Headlines / 213 -- 7.1.5 Biomass Energy Commercialization and BF / 213 -- 7.2 BF Values Analysis / 215 -- 7.3 BF Evaluations / 216 -- 7.3.1 System Factor (SF) / 217 -- 7.3.2 Approach Factor (AF) / 218 -- 7.3.3 Baseline Methodology Factor (BMF) / 219 -- 7.3.4 Business Viability Factor (BVF) / 219 -- 7.3.5 Applicability Factor (APF) / 220 -- 7.3.6 Land and Water Issues Factor (LWIF) / 223 -- 7.3.7 Supply Factor (SUF) / 224 -- 7.3.8 Quality Factor (QF) / 225 -- 7.3.9 Emission Factor / 226 -- 7.4 BF Data / 228 -- 7.4.1 Introduction / 228 -- 7.4.2 The Priority List / 230 -- 7.5 Conclusion / 235 -- References / 237 -- 8 Results: Part 1 239 -- 8.1 Statistical Data and Errors / 239 -- 8.1.1 Introduction / 239 -- 8.2 Methodology Level Value (Boundary Level Scoring Value) / 241 -- 8.3 Calculating Standard Deviation and Relative Error / 242 -- 8.3.1 S&T Factors / 243 -- 8.3.2 Business Factors (BF) / 246.
8.3.3 Methodology Standard Deviation for S&T / 249 -- 8.3.4 Methodology Standard Deviation for BF / 250 -- 8.3.5 Methodology Standard Deviation / 251 -- 8.4 Analysis / 251 -- 8.5 Conclusion / 255 -- References / 257 -- 9 Results: Part 2 259 -- 9.1 Data and Methodology Application / 259 -- 9.1.1 Introduction / 259 -- 9.2 Tests / 260 -- 9.2.1 Experimental Tests / 260 -- 9.3 S&T Samples Data and Reports (Results) / 265 -- 9.3.1 Fossil Fuel / 265 -- 9.3.2 Biomass Materials / 266 -- 9.4 BF Samples Reports Examples (Results) / 277 -- 9.4.1 Coal BF Data (Altawell, GSTF, 2012) / 277 -- 9.4.2 Rapeseed BF Report / 278 -- 9.4.3 Black Sunfl ower Seed BF Report / 278 -- 9.4.4 Niger Seed BF Report / 279 -- 9.4.5 Apple Pruning BF Report / 280 -- 9.4.6 Striped Sunfl ower Seed BF Report / 281 -- 9.5 The Final Biomass Samples / 282 -- 9.5.1 S&T Results / 282 -- 9.5.2 BF Results / 284 -- 9.6 Samples Final Fitness / 285 -- 9.7 Discussion and Analysis / 289 -- 9.8 Conclusion / 294 -- References / 296 -- 10 Economic Factors 297 -- 10.1 Biomass Fuel Economic Factors and SFS / 297 -- 10.1.1 Introduction / 297 -- 10.2 Economic Factors / 298 -- 10.3 Biomass Business / 300 -- 10.3.1 Step 1 / 300 -- 10.3.2 Step 2 / 301 -- 10.3.3 Step 3 / 302 -- 10.3.4 Step 4 / 304 -- 10.4 Biomass Fuel Supply Chain / 305 -- 10.5 The Demand for a New Biomass Fuel / 306 -- 10.6 The SFS Economic Value Scenario / 307 -- 10.7 Discussion / 308 -- 10.8 Conclusion / 310 -- References / 312 -- 11 Conclusion 315 -- 11.1 General Conclusion / 315 -- 11.2 Methodology (REA1) and Applications / 316 -- 11.3 Why Biomass? / 316 -- 11.4 Co-firing and Power Generating / 318 -- 11.5 The New Biomass Fuel (SFS) / 318 -- 11.6 The Future of Co-fi ring and Biomass Energy / 319 -- 11.7 Final Results and Final Conclusion / 320 -- 11.8 Positive Outlook / 320 -- 11.9 What Next? / 321 -- References / 321 -- Index 323.
Record Nr. UNINA-9910139141503321
Altawell Najib  
Hoboken, New Jersey : , : IEEE/Wiley, , [2014]
Materiale a stampa
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