Nota di contenuto |
List of figures -- xi -- List of tables -- xix -- List of contributors -- xxi -- Preface and acknowledgements xxiii -- Glossary xxv -- PART I Research Themes, Methods, and Background -- The Wadi Faynan Landscape Survey: research themes and project development -- 3 (22) -- Graeme Barker -- David Gilbertson -- David Mattingly -- Introduction -- 3 (1) -- Background and research context -- 3 (5) -- Archaeology and desertification -- 8 (1) -- Initial frameworks -- 9 (7) -- New perspectives, new questions -- 16 (2) -- Developing research themes -- 18 (1) -- Integration -- 19 (3) -- Conclusion and structure of this book -- 22 (3) -- The Wadi Faynan today: landscape, environment, people -- 25 (34) -- Carol Palmer -- David Gilbertson -- Hwedi el-Rishi -- Chris Hunt -- John Grattan -- Sue McLaren -- Brian Pyatt -- Landscape and environment -- 25 (13) -- People -- 38 (21) -- The past and present landscapes of the Wadi Faynan: geoarchaeological approaches and frameworks -- 59 (38) -- Hwedi el-ishi -- Chris Hunt -- John Grattan -- Sue McLaren -- Brian Pyatt -- Geoff Duller -- Gavin Gillmore -- Paul Phillips -- Fieldwork strategy and methodologies -- 59 (3) -- Chronostratigraphies -- 62 (2) -- The Late Quaternary geomorphological framework -- 64 (4) -- Palynological, palynofacies, and macrofossil investigations -- 68 (11) -- Geochemical studies -- 79 (3) -- The industrially-polluted landscapes of the Wadi Faynan -- 82 (4) -- Metal-pollution burdens and pathways in plants, animals, and the agricultural economy -- 86 (3) -- Radon gas and human health in the mines -- 89 (3) -- Holocene landscapes in the Wadi Faynan: an outline palaeoenvironmental framework -- 92 (5) -- Recording and classifying the archaeological record -- 97 (44) -- Oliver Creighton -- Graeme Barker -- David Mattingly -- Introduction -- 97 (3) -- Artefact `site' -- 100 (1) -- Domestic structure -- 101 (11) -- Excavation -- 112 (1) -- Field system -- 113 (2) -- Funerary structure -- 115 (9) -- Hydraulic structure -- 124 (4) -- Mining feature -- 128 (5) -- Metallurgical feature -- 133 (3) -- Miscellaneous structures -- 136 (2) -- Religious structure -- 138 (1) -- Rock engraving -- 139 (2) -- The Wadi Faynan field systems -- 141 (36) -- Paul Newson -- Graeme Barker -- Patrick Daly -- David Mattingly -- David Gilbertson -- Introduction -- 141 (4) -- The field system survey -- 145 (3) -- Constructing the GIS -- 148 (2) -- Walls, channels, and hydraulic technology -- 150 (12) -- Other water-management structures -- 162 (2) -- Other structures -- 164 (2) -- Surface artefact distributions -- 166 (3) -- The palimpsest landscape -- 169 (8) -- PART II Chronological Syntheses -- Pleistocene environments and human settlement -- 177 (22) -- Sue McLaren -- Tim Reynolds -- David Gilbertson -- John Grattan -- Chris Hunt -- Hwedi el-Rishi -- Graeme Barker -- Geoff Duller -- Introduction -- 177 (3) -- Pleistocene climates -- 180 (1) -- Geomorphological processes and deposits -- 181 (10) -- Human occupation in the Pleistocene -- 191 (7) -- The Pleistocene landscape and its human utilization -- 198 (1) -- Early Holocene environments and early farming, c. 11,000-7000 cal. BP, c.9500-5000 cal. BC -- 199 (28) -- Graeme Barker -- Chris Hunt -- Sue McLaren -- Tim Reynolds -- Hwedi el-Rishi -- David Gilbertson -- John Grattan -- Introduction -- 199 (3) -- Environments of the early to mid Holocene -- 202 (3) -- Palaeoecology -- 205 (3) -- Initial Neolithic settlement, c.9500-8500 BC -- 208 (4) -- Later Pre-Pottery Neolithic settlement, c.8500-6500 BC -- 212 (4) -- Later Neolithic settlement -- 216 (4) -- Neolithic pictographs? -- 220 (5) -- Conclusion -- 225 (2) -- Chalcolithic (c.5000-3600 cal. BC) and Bronze Age (c.3600-1200 cal. BC) settlement in Wadi Faynan: metallurgy and social complexity -- 227 (44) -- Graeme Barker -- Russell Adams -- Oliver Creighton -- Hwedi el-Rishi -- David Gilbertson -- John Grattan -- Chris Hunt -- Paul Newson -- Brian Pyatt -- Tim Reynolds -- Introduction -- 227 (1) -- Climate and environment -- 227 (4) -- Chalcolithic settlement in Wadi Faynan -- 231 (1) -- Early Bronze Age `urbanism' -- 232 (3) -- Bronze Age monument types in Wadi Faynan -- 235 (1) -- The major settlement complex of WF100 -- 236 (6) -- Domestic, funerary, and hydraulic structures south of WF100 -- 242 (9) -- The WF24 water catchment: sediments and palynology -- 251 (4) -- EBA settlement beside the Wadi Faynan channel -- 255 (2) -- Pastoral settlement away from the Wadi Faynan channel -- 257 (4) -- Metallurgical activity -- 261 (1) -- Bronze Age pictographs? -- 262 (5) -- The Bronze Age landscapes and societies of the Wadi Faynan -- 267 (4) -- The making of early states: the Iron Age and Nabataean periods -- 271 (34) -- David Mattingly -- Paul Newson -- John Grattan -- Roberta Tomber -- Graneme Barker -- David Gilbertson -- Chris Hunt -- Introduction -- 271 (1) -- Edom and the `Edomites' -- 271 (2) -- Copper mining and smelting -- 273 (5) -- Iron Age settlement in Wadi Faynan -- 278 (7) -- Evidence of environmental change -- 285 (3) -- Dating issues -- 288 (2) -- Ancient Edom and copper production in Wadi Faynan -- 290 (1) -- Nabataean Faynan -- 291 (10) -- Historical implications -- 301 (4) -- A landscape of imperial power: Roman and Byzantine Phaino -- 305 (44) -- David Mattingly -- Paul Newson -- Oliver Creighton -- Roberta Tomber -- John Grattan -- Chris Hunt -- David Gilbertson -- Hwedi el-Rishi -- Brian Pyatt -- Introduction -- 305 (3) -- Roman copper exploitation in the Wadi `Arabah region -- 308 (1) -- The Roman army in southern Jordan -- 309 (1) -- The Roman mining landscape around Faynan -- 309 (23) -- Dating issues -- 332 (1) -- The labour force at the mines -- 333 (1) -- Environment and people: the impacts of Roman mining -- 334 (10) -- The logistics of supply -- 344 (1) -- Charcoal and fuel demands -- 345 (1) -- A landscape of imperial power -- 346 (3) -- The Islamic and Ottoman periods -- 349 (20) -- Paul Newson -- David Mattingly -- Patrick Daly -- Roberta Tomber -- Hwedi el-Rishi -- David Gilbertson -- John Grattan -- Chris Hunt -- Sue McLaren -- Brian Pyatt -- Introduction -- 349 (3) -- Climate, environment, and human impacts -- 352 (11) -- Archaeology -- 363 (4) -- Synthesis: life in an abandoned industrial landscape -- 367 (2) -- Ethnoarchaeology -- 369 (28) -- Carol Palmer -- Helen Smith -- Patrick Daly -- Introduction -- 369 (1) -- The Bedouin Camp Survey -- 369 (1) -- Campsite architecture -- 370 (3) -- Campsite location -- 373 (1) -- Tent orientation -- 374 (1) -- Tribal associations -- 375 (1) -- Durable campsite architecture -- 376 (4) -- Contrasts in campsite organization and architecture -- 380 (4) -- Artefacts and activities around tent sites -- 384 (9) -- Bedouin material culture in the recent past -- 393 (1) -- Other evidence of bedouin activity around the Wadi Faynan -- 393 (1) -- Conclusion -- 394 (3) -- Archaeology and desertification: the landscapes of the Wadi Faynan -- 397 (68) -- David Gilbertson -- Graeme Barker -- David Mattingly -- Carol Palmer -- John Grattan -- Brian Pyatt -- Introduction -- 397 (1) -- Desertification: research issues and analytical problems -- 398 (4) -- Pleistocene environments and human occupation -- 402 (2) -- People and environment in the Holocene: disaggregating desertification -- 404 (9) -- Scale and complexity -- 413 (3) -- Cores and peripheries -- 416 (1) -- Arid-zone archaeology -- 416 (1) -- Conclusion -- 417 (1) -- Postscript: the Wadi Faynan today and in the future -- 418 (7) -- Summaries -- English summary -- 425 (10) -- Arabic summary -- 435 (4) -- Appendices -- Appendix 1 Published radiocarbon dates from the Faynan region -- 439 (6) -- Chris Hunt -- David Mattingly -- Graeme Barker -- David Gilbertson -- Appendix 2 Classical and Islamic pottery -- 445 (20) -- Roberta Tomber -- A2.1 Introduction -- 445 (1) -- A2.2 Method -- 445 (1) -- A2.3 Pottery classification -- 446 (4) -- A2.4 Chronological summary -- 450 (15) -- Bibliography 465 (38) -- Index 503.
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