An Analysis of So-Called Export-led Growth / / Jie Yang
| An Analysis of So-Called Export-led Growth / / Jie Yang |
| Autore | Yang Jie |
| Pubbl/distr/stampa | Washington, D.C. : , : International Monetary Fund, , 2008 |
| Descrizione fisica | 1 online resource (44 pages) |
| Disciplina | 382.6 |
| Collana |
IMF Working Papers
IMF working paper |
| Soggetto topico |
Exports - Econometric models
Foreign exchange rates - Econometric models Elasticity (Economics) - Econometric models Exports and Imports Foreign Exchange Economic Theory Production and Operations Management Trade: General Agriculture: Aggregate Supply and Demand Analysis Prices Human Capital Skills Occupational Choice Labor Productivity International economics Currency Foreign exchange Economic theory & philosophy Macroeconomics Export performance Real exchange rates Exports Demand elasticity Labor productivity Elasticity Economics |
| ISBN |
1-4623-3964-6
9786612841712 1-282-84171-8 1-4518-7078-7 1-4519-9232-7 |
| Formato | Materiale a stampa |
| Livello bibliografico | Monografia |
| Lingua di pubblicazione | eng |
| Record Nr. | UNINA-9910788231603321 |
Yang Jie
|
||
| Washington, D.C. : , : International Monetary Fund, , 2008 | ||
| Lo trovi qui: Univ. Federico II | ||
| ||
An Analysis of So-Called Export-led Growth / / Jie Yang
| An Analysis of So-Called Export-led Growth / / Jie Yang |
| Autore | Yang Jie |
| Edizione | [1st ed.] |
| Pubbl/distr/stampa | Washington, D.C. : , : International Monetary Fund, , 2008 |
| Descrizione fisica | 1 online resource (44 pages) |
| Disciplina | 382.6 |
| Collana |
IMF Working Papers
IMF working paper |
| Soggetto topico |
Exports - Econometric models
Foreign exchange rates - Econometric models Elasticity (Economics) - Econometric models Agriculture: Aggregate Supply and Demand Analysis Currency Demand elasticity Economic theory & philosophy Economic Theory Economics Elasticity Export performance Exports and Imports Exports Foreign Exchange Foreign exchange Human Capital International economics Labor Productivity Labor productivity Macroeconomics Occupational Choice Prices Production and Operations Management Real exchange rates Skills Trade: General |
| ISBN |
9786612841712
9781462339648 1462339646 9781282841710 1282841718 9781451870787 1451870787 9781451992328 1451992327 |
| Formato | Materiale a stampa |
| Livello bibliografico | Monografia |
| Lingua di pubblicazione | eng |
| Nota di contenuto | Intro -- Contents -- I. Introduction -- II. Stylized Fact: High Economic and High Export Growth -- III. The Model -- A. The Comparative Static Version -- B. The Dynamic Version -- C. Changing Assumptions on Elasticity -- IV. Empirical Evidence -- A. Real Exchange Rate Movement in High Growth Periods -- B. Labor Productivity -- C. Empirical Evidence: "Export Driving Growth" vs. "Growth Driving Exports" -- V. Conclusion -- Reference -- Figures -- 1: Model Results of a Technological Advance in the Exportable Sector -- 2: Model Results of a Technological Advance in the Nontradable Sector -- 3: An Exogenous Positive Supply Shock in the Exportable Sector -- 4: An Exogenous Positive Supply Shock in the Nontradable Sector -- Tables -- 1: GDP Growth and Export Growth in High Growth Episodes -- 2: Summary: GDP and Export Growth in High Growth Episodes -- 3: Real Exchange Rate Movement in High Growth Episodes -- 4: Changes in the Equilibrium Home Goods price and in Wages -- 5: Changes in the Equilibrium Home Goods Price and in Wages -- 6: Summary of Model Results -- 7: Industrial Classification of Tradable and Nontradable Sector -- 8: Productivity Growth in Tradable Sector relative to Nontradable Sector and Real Exchange Rate Movement in High Growth Episodes -- 9: "Exports Driving growth" vs. "Growth Driving Exports. |
| Record Nr. | UNINA-9910970753403321 |
Yang Jie
|
||
| Washington, D.C. : , : International Monetary Fund, , 2008 | ||
| Lo trovi qui: Univ. Federico II | ||
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Asian Equity Markets : : Growth, Opportunities, and Challenges / / Charles Kramer, Catriona Purfield, Hiroko Oura, Andreas Jobst
| Asian Equity Markets : : Growth, Opportunities, and Challenges / / Charles Kramer, Catriona Purfield, Hiroko Oura, Andreas Jobst |
| Autore | Kramer Charles |
| Pubbl/distr/stampa | Washington, D.C. : , : International Monetary Fund, , 2006 |
| Descrizione fisica | 1 online resource (41 p.) |
| Altri autori (Persone) |
PurfieldCatriona
OuraHiroko JobstAndreas |
| Collana | IMF Working Papers |
| Soggetto topico |
Stock exchanges - Asia
Securities - Asia Finance: General Investments: Stocks Macroeconomics Corporate Governance Industries: Financial Services Portfolio Choice Investment Decisions International Financial Markets Pension Funds Non-bank Financial Institutions Financial Instruments Institutional Investors General Financial Markets: General (includes Measurement and Data) Price Level Inflation Deflation Corporate Finance and Governance: Government Policy and Regulation Finance Investment & securities Corporate governance role & responsibilities of boards & directors Stock markets Stocks Emerging and frontier financial markets Asset prices Financial markets Financial institutions Prices Mutual funds Stock exchanges Financial services industry |
| ISBN |
1-4623-8409-9
1-4527-9755-2 1-283-51325-0 9786613825704 1-4519-0979-9 |
| Formato | Materiale a stampa |
| Livello bibliografico | Monografia |
| Lingua di pubblicazione | eng |
| Nota di contenuto | ""Contents""; ""I. THE EMERGENCE OF ASIAN STOCK MARKETS""; ""II. PERFORMANCE OF ASIAN EMERGING STOCK MARKETS""; ""III. ARE ASIAN MARKETS OVERHEATING?""; ""IV. EQUITY PRICES AND ECONOMIC ACTIVITY""; ""V. POLICY IMPLICATIONS""; ""APPENDIX I: THE DEVELOPMENT OF EQUITY DERIVATIVES MARKETS IN ASIA""; ""REFERENCES"" |
| Record Nr. | UNINA-9910788410103321 |
Kramer Charles
|
||
| Washington, D.C. : , : International Monetary Fund, , 2006 | ||
| Lo trovi qui: Univ. Federico II | ||
| ||
Asian Equity Markets : : Growth, Opportunities, and Challenges / / Charles Kramer, Catriona Purfield, Hiroko Oura, Andreas Jobst
| Asian Equity Markets : : Growth, Opportunities, and Challenges / / Charles Kramer, Catriona Purfield, Hiroko Oura, Andreas Jobst |
| Autore | Kramer Charles |
| Edizione | [1st ed.] |
| Pubbl/distr/stampa | Washington, D.C. : , : International Monetary Fund, , 2006 |
| Descrizione fisica | 1 online resource (41 p.) |
| Altri autori (Persone) |
JobstAndreas
OuraHiroko PurfieldCatriona |
| Collana | IMF Working Papers |
| Soggetto topico |
Stock exchanges - Asia
Securities - Asia Asset prices Corporate Finance and Governance: Government Policy and Regulation Corporate Governance Corporate governance Deflation Emerging and frontier financial markets Finance Finance: General Financial institutions Financial Instruments Financial markets Financial services industry General Financial Markets: General (includes Measurement and Data) Industries: Financial Services Inflation Institutional Investors International Financial Markets Investment & securities Investment Decisions Investments: Stocks Macroeconomics Mutual funds Non-bank Financial Institutions Pension Funds Portfolio Choice Price Level Prices Role & responsibilities of boards & directors Stock exchanges Stock markets Stocks |
| ISBN |
9786613825704
9781462384099 1462384099 9781452797557 1452797552 9781283513258 1283513250 9781451909791 1451909799 |
| Formato | Materiale a stampa |
| Livello bibliografico | Monografia |
| Lingua di pubblicazione | eng |
| Nota di contenuto | ""Contents""; ""I. THE EMERGENCE OF ASIAN STOCK MARKETS""; ""II. PERFORMANCE OF ASIAN EMERGING STOCK MARKETS""; ""III. ARE ASIAN MARKETS OVERHEATING?""; ""IV. EQUITY PRICES AND ECONOMIC ACTIVITY""; ""V. POLICY IMPLICATIONS""; ""APPENDIX I: THE DEVELOPMENT OF EQUITY DERIVATIVES MARKETS IN ASIA""; ""REFERENCES"" |
| Record Nr. | UNINA-9910975148003321 |
Kramer Charles
|
||
| Washington, D.C. : , : International Monetary Fund, , 2006 | ||
| Lo trovi qui: Univ. Federico II | ||
| ||
Banking on the Principles : : Compliance with Basel Core Principles and Bank Soundness / / Enrica Detragiache, Thierry Tressel, Asli Demirgüç-Kunt
| Banking on the Principles : : Compliance with Basel Core Principles and Bank Soundness / / Enrica Detragiache, Thierry Tressel, Asli Demirgüç-Kunt |
| Autore | Detragiache Enrica |
| Pubbl/distr/stampa | Washington, D.C. : , : International Monetary Fund, , 2006 |
| Descrizione fisica | 1 online resource (35 p.) |
| Altri autori (Persone) |
TresselThierry
Demirgüç-KuntAsli |
| Collana | IMF Working Papers |
| Soggetto topico |
Banks and banking - State supervision
Banks and Banking Finance: General General Financial Markets: Government Policy and Regulation Banks Depository Institutions Micro Finance Institutions Mortgages Financial Institutions and Services: Government Policy and Regulation Financial services law & regulation Banking Finance Bank soundness Basel Core Principles Bank supervision Bank regulation Banks and banking State supervision |
| ISBN |
1-4623-7703-3
1-4527-1078-3 1-283-51174-6 9786613824196 1-4519-0955-1 |
| Formato | Materiale a stampa |
| Livello bibliografico | Monografia |
| Lingua di pubblicazione | eng |
| Nota di contenuto | ""Contents""; ""I. INTRODUCTION""; ""II. LITERATURE REVIEW""; ""III. METHODOLOGY AND DATA""; ""IV. THE RESULTS""; ""V. CONCLUSIONS""; ""References"" |
| Record Nr. | UNINA-9910788415203321 |
Detragiache Enrica
|
||
| Washington, D.C. : , : International Monetary Fund, , 2006 | ||
| Lo trovi qui: Univ. Federico II | ||
| ||
Banking on the Principles : : Compliance with Basel Core Principles and Bank Soundness / / Enrica Detragiache, Thierry Tressel, Asli Demirgüç-Kunt
| Banking on the Principles : : Compliance with Basel Core Principles and Bank Soundness / / Enrica Detragiache, Thierry Tressel, Asli Demirgüç-Kunt |
| Autore | Detragiache Enrica |
| Edizione | [1st ed.] |
| Pubbl/distr/stampa | Washington, D.C. : , : International Monetary Fund, , 2006 |
| Descrizione fisica | 1 online resource (35 p.) |
| Altri autori (Persone) |
Demirgüç-KuntAsli
TresselThierry |
| Collana | IMF Working Papers |
| Soggetto topico |
Banks and banking - State supervision
Bank regulation Bank soundness Bank supervision Banking Banks and Banking Banks and banking Banks Basel Core Principles Depository Institutions Finance Finance: General Financial Institutions and Services: Government Policy and Regulation Financial services law & regulation General Financial Markets: Government Policy and Regulation Micro Finance Institutions Mortgages State supervision |
| ISBN |
9786613824196
9781462377039 1462377033 9781452710785 1452710783 9781283511742 1283511746 9781451909555 1451909551 |
| Formato | Materiale a stampa |
| Livello bibliografico | Monografia |
| Lingua di pubblicazione | eng |
| Nota di contenuto | ""Contents""; ""I. INTRODUCTION""; ""II. LITERATURE REVIEW""; ""III. METHODOLOGY AND DATA""; ""IV. THE RESULTS""; ""V. CONCLUSIONS""; ""References"" |
| Altri titoli varianti | Compliance with Basel Core Principles and bank soundness |
| Record Nr. | UNINA-9910975150903321 |
Detragiache Enrica
|
||
| Washington, D.C. : , : International Monetary Fund, , 2006 | ||
| Lo trovi qui: Univ. Federico II | ||
| ||
Determinants of Deflation in Hong Kong SAR / / Papa N'Diaye
| Determinants of Deflation in Hong Kong SAR / / Papa N'Diaye |
| Autore | N'Diaye Papa |
| Pubbl/distr/stampa | Washington, D.C. : , : International Monetary Fund, , 2003 |
| Descrizione fisica | 1 online resource (28 p.) |
| Collana | IMF Working Papers |
| Soggetto topico |
Deflation (Finance) - China - Hong Kong - Econometric models
Business cycles Macroeconomics Money and Monetary Policy Production and Operations Management Time-Series Models Dynamic Quantile Regressions Dynamic Treatment Effect Models Diffusion Processes State Space Models Money Supply Credit Money Multipliers Monetary Policy Central Banks and Their Policies Price Level Inflation Deflation Monetary Policy, Central Banking, and the Supply of Money and Credit: General Macroeconomics: Production Monetary economics Monetary base Productivity Consumer price indexes Asset prices Money Prices Production Money supply Industrial productivity Price indexes |
| ISBN |
1-4623-2341-3
1-4527-0966-1 1-283-56982-5 1-4519-2051-2 9786613882271 |
| Formato | Materiale a stampa |
| Livello bibliografico | Monografia |
| Lingua di pubblicazione | eng |
| Nota di contenuto | ""Contents""; ""I. OVERVIEW""; ""II. THE FRAMEWORK""; ""III. RESULTS""; ""IV. INTERPRETING THE RESULTS""; ""V. CONCLUSION""; ""APPENDIX""; ""References"" |
| Record Nr. | UNINA-9910788691703321 |
N'Diaye Papa
|
||
| Washington, D.C. : , : International Monetary Fund, , 2003 | ||
| Lo trovi qui: Univ. Federico II | ||
| ||
Determinants of Deflation in Hong Kong SAR / / Papa N'Diaye
| Determinants of Deflation in Hong Kong SAR / / Papa N'Diaye |
| Autore | N'Diaye Papa |
| Edizione | [1st ed.] |
| Pubbl/distr/stampa | Washington, D.C. : , : International Monetary Fund, , 2003 |
| Descrizione fisica | 1 online resource (28 p.) |
| Collana | IMF Working Papers |
| Soggetto topico |
Deflation (Finance) - China - Hong Kong - Econometric models
Business cycles Asset prices Central Banks and Their Policies Consumer price indexes Credit Deflation Diffusion Processes Dynamic Quantile Regressions Dynamic Treatment Effect Models Industrial productivity Inflation Macroeconomics Macroeconomics: Production Monetary base Monetary economics Monetary Policy Monetary Policy, Central Banking, and the Supply of Money and Credit: General Money and Monetary Policy Money Multipliers Money Supply Money supply Money Price indexes Price Level Prices Production and Operations Management Production Productivity State Space Models Time-Series Models |
| ISBN |
9786613882271
9781462323418 1462323413 9781452709666 1452709661 9781283569828 1283569825 9781451920512 1451920512 |
| Formato | Materiale a stampa |
| Livello bibliografico | Monografia |
| Lingua di pubblicazione | eng |
| Nota di contenuto | ""Contents""; ""I. OVERVIEW""; ""II. THE FRAMEWORK""; ""III. RESULTS""; ""IV. INTERPRETING THE RESULTS""; ""V. CONCLUSION""; ""APPENDIX""; ""References"" |
| Record Nr. | UNINA-9910954666803321 |
N'Diaye Papa
|
||
| Washington, D.C. : , : International Monetary Fund, , 2003 | ||
| Lo trovi qui: Univ. Federico II | ||
| ||
Financial Integration and Rebalancing in Asia / / Olaf Unteroberdoerster, Runchana Pongsaparn
| Financial Integration and Rebalancing in Asia / / Olaf Unteroberdoerster, Runchana Pongsaparn |
| Autore | Unteroberdoerster Olaf |
| Pubbl/distr/stampa | Washington, D.C. : , : International Monetary Fund, , 2011 |
| Descrizione fisica | 1 online resource (57 p.) |
| Altri autori (Persone) | PongsaparnRunchana |
| Collana | IMF Working Papers |
| Soggetto topico |
Capital movements - Asia
Exports and Imports Finance: General Foreign Exchange Macroeconomics: Consumption, Saving, Production, Employment and Investment: Other Financial Markets and the Macroeconomy Financial Economics: General General Financial Markets: General (includes Measurement and Data) Current Account Adjustment Short-term Capital Movements International Investment Long-term Capital Movements Finance Currency Foreign exchange Financial integration Portfolio investment Foreign direct investment Financial sector development Exchange rates Financial markets Balance of payments International finance Portfolio management Investments, Foreign Financial services industry |
| ISBN |
1-4639-7766-2
1-4639-4880-8 1-283-57065-3 9786613883100 1-4639-2518-2 |
| Formato | Materiale a stampa |
| Livello bibliografico | Monografia |
| Lingua di pubblicazione | eng |
| Nota di contenuto |
Cover Page; Title Page; Copyright Page; Contents; I. Introduction; II. Measuring Financial Integration; A. Literature Review; B. Trends in Cross-Border Direct and Portfolio Investment, and Banking; 1. Total Portfolio Investment Liabilities by Region; 2. Total Portfolio Investment Assets by Region; 3. Total Portfolio Investment Liabilities to GDP by Region; 4. Total Portfolio Investment Assets to GDP by Region; 5. Source of Portfolio Investment Liabilities (average 2004-07); 6. Destination of Portfolio Investment Assets (average 2004-07)
7. Source of Regional Portfolio Investment Liabilities (average 2004-07)8. Contribution to year-on-year Growth of Total Portfolio Investment Liabilities; 9. Regional and Non-regional Sources of Portfolio Investment Liabilities (Corrected for Financial Center Intermediary); 10. Debt and Equity Portfolio Investment Liabilities to GDP; 11. Total Foreign Direct Investment Inflows by Region; 12. Total Foreign Direct Investment Outflows by Region; 13. Total Foreign Direct Investment Inflows to GDP by Region; 14. Total Foreign Direct Investment Outflows to GDP by Region 15. Sources of FDI Inflows (as of 2007)16. Destinations of FDI Outflows (as of 2007); 17. Sources of Regional FDI Inflows (as of 2007); 18. Total Liabilities vis-à-vis Reporting Banks; 19. Total Assets vis-à-vis Reporting Banks; 20. Total Liabilities vis-à-vis Reporting Banks to GDP; 21. Total Assets vis-à-vis Reporting Banks to GDP; C. Is Financial Integration in Asia Lagging?; 22. z score for Financial Integration (average 2004-07); 23. Trade Intensity (average 2004-07); 24. Portfolio Investment Intensity (average 2004-07); 25. FDI Intensity (average 2004-07) 26. Banking Intensity (average 2004-07)27. Trade and Financial Intensity; 28. Country-specific Factors (Fixed Effects) of Financial Integration Equation; 1. Estimation of Financial Integration; 2. Estimation of Portfolio Gravity Model; 3. Comparing the Degree of Portfolio Integration; D. Capital Account Restrictions, Financial Development, and Financial Integration; 29. Capital Restrictions and Trade to Financial Intensity Ratio; 30. Capital Restriction Indices (as of 2005); 31. Liabilities and Assets to GDP by Type (Asia excluding Financial Centers) 32. Capital Restriction Indices (Asia excluding financial centers)4. Macroprudential Measures in Asia; 33. Domestic Financial Reform and Capital Restriction Index; 34. Financial Reform Index and Private Sector Credit to GDP; 35. Financial Integration and Financial Development; III. Asia Rebalancing: A Role for Financial Integration?; A. The Link between Financial Integration and Rebalancing; B. Empirical Estimates; 36. Current Account to GDP by Region; 5. Estimation of Augmented Macroeconomic Balance Approach; 37. Change in CA to GDP due to Increase of Financial Integration to Global Norm IV. Conclusion |
| Record Nr. | UNINA-9910779270403321 |
Unteroberdoerster Olaf
|
||
| Washington, D.C. : , : International Monetary Fund, , 2011 | ||
| Lo trovi qui: Univ. Federico II | ||
| ||
Financial Integration and Rebalancing in Asia / / Olaf Unteroberdoerster, Runchana Pongsaparn
| Financial Integration and Rebalancing in Asia / / Olaf Unteroberdoerster, Runchana Pongsaparn |
| Autore | Unteroberdoerster Olaf |
| Edizione | [1st ed.] |
| Pubbl/distr/stampa | Washington, D.C. : , : International Monetary Fund, , 2011 |
| Descrizione fisica | 1 online resource (57 p.) |
| Altri autori (Persone) | PongsaparnRunchana |
| Collana | IMF Working Papers |
| Soggetto topico |
Capital movements - Asia
Balance of payments Currency Current Account Adjustment Exchange rates Exports and Imports Finance Finance: General Financial Economics: General Financial integration Financial Markets and the Macroeconomy Financial markets Financial sector development Financial services industry Foreign direct investment Foreign Exchange Foreign exchange General Financial Markets: General (includes Measurement and Data) International finance International Investment Investments, Foreign Long-term Capital Movements Macroeconomics: Consumption, Saving, Production, Employment and Investment: Other Portfolio investment Portfolio management Short-term Capital Movements |
| ISBN |
9786613883100
9781463977665 1463977662 9781463948801 1463948808 9781283570657 1283570653 9781463925185 1463925182 |
| Formato | Materiale a stampa |
| Livello bibliografico | Monografia |
| Lingua di pubblicazione | eng |
| Nota di contenuto |
Cover Page; Title Page; Copyright Page; Contents; I. Introduction; II. Measuring Financial Integration; A. Literature Review; B. Trends in Cross-Border Direct and Portfolio Investment, and Banking; 1. Total Portfolio Investment Liabilities by Region; 2. Total Portfolio Investment Assets by Region; 3. Total Portfolio Investment Liabilities to GDP by Region; 4. Total Portfolio Investment Assets to GDP by Region; 5. Source of Portfolio Investment Liabilities (average 2004-07); 6. Destination of Portfolio Investment Assets (average 2004-07)
7. Source of Regional Portfolio Investment Liabilities (average 2004-07)8. Contribution to year-on-year Growth of Total Portfolio Investment Liabilities; 9. Regional and Non-regional Sources of Portfolio Investment Liabilities (Corrected for Financial Center Intermediary); 10. Debt and Equity Portfolio Investment Liabilities to GDP; 11. Total Foreign Direct Investment Inflows by Region; 12. Total Foreign Direct Investment Outflows by Region; 13. Total Foreign Direct Investment Inflows to GDP by Region; 14. Total Foreign Direct Investment Outflows to GDP by Region 15. Sources of FDI Inflows (as of 2007)16. Destinations of FDI Outflows (as of 2007); 17. Sources of Regional FDI Inflows (as of 2007); 18. Total Liabilities vis-à-vis Reporting Banks; 19. Total Assets vis-à-vis Reporting Banks; 20. Total Liabilities vis-à-vis Reporting Banks to GDP; 21. Total Assets vis-à-vis Reporting Banks to GDP; C. Is Financial Integration in Asia Lagging?; 22. z score for Financial Integration (average 2004-07); 23. Trade Intensity (average 2004-07); 24. Portfolio Investment Intensity (average 2004-07); 25. FDI Intensity (average 2004-07) 26. Banking Intensity (average 2004-07)27. Trade and Financial Intensity; 28. Country-specific Factors (Fixed Effects) of Financial Integration Equation; 1. Estimation of Financial Integration; 2. Estimation of Portfolio Gravity Model; 3. Comparing the Degree of Portfolio Integration; D. Capital Account Restrictions, Financial Development, and Financial Integration; 29. Capital Restrictions and Trade to Financial Intensity Ratio; 30. Capital Restriction Indices (as of 2005); 31. Liabilities and Assets to GDP by Type (Asia excluding Financial Centers) 32. Capital Restriction Indices (Asia excluding financial centers)4. Macroprudential Measures in Asia; 33. Domestic Financial Reform and Capital Restriction Index; 34. Financial Reform Index and Private Sector Credit to GDP; 35. Financial Integration and Financial Development; III. Asia Rebalancing: A Role for Financial Integration?; A. The Link between Financial Integration and Rebalancing; B. Empirical Estimates; 36. Current Account to GDP by Region; 5. Estimation of Augmented Macroeconomic Balance Approach; 37. Change in CA to GDP due to Increase of Financial Integration to Global Norm IV. Conclusion |
| Record Nr. | UNINA-9910962858203321 |
Unteroberdoerster Olaf
|
||
| Washington, D.C. : , : International Monetary Fund, , 2011 | ||
| Lo trovi qui: Univ. Federico II | ||
| ||