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Compostable Polymer Materials
| Compostable Polymer Materials |
| Autore | Rudnik Ewa |
| Edizione | [2nd ed.] |
| Pubbl/distr/stampa | Marrickville : , : Elsevier, , 2019 |
| Descrizione fisica | 1 online resource |
| Disciplina | 668.49 |
| Soggetto topico | Biodegradable plastics |
| ISBN | 0-08-099438-5 |
| Formato | Materiale a stampa  |
| Livello bibliografico | Monografia |
| Lingua di pubblicazione | eng |
| Nota di contenuto |
Front Cover -- Compostable Polymer Materials -- Compostable Polymer Materials -- Copyright -- Contents -- Preface -- 1 - Introduction -- 1.1 Situation in Europe -- 1.2 Situation in the United States -- 1.3 Situation in other regions of the world -- 1.3.1 Asian countries -- 1.3.2 Africa -- 1.3.3 Brasil -- References -- 2 - Compostable polymer materials - definitions, structures and methods of preparation -- 2.1 Biodegradable polymers from renewable resources -- 2.1.1 Poly(lactic acid) - PLA -- 2.1.2 Polyhydroxyalkanoates - PHA -- 2.1.3 Thermoplastic starch - TPS -- 2.2 Other compostable polymers from renewable resources -- 2.2.1 Cellulose -- 2.2.2 Chitosan -- 2.2.3 Proteins -- 2.3 Biodegradable polymers from petrochemical sources -- 2.3.1 Aliphatic polyesters and copolyesters -- 2.3.2 Aromatic polyesters and copolyesters -- 2.3.3 Poly(caprolactone) - PCL -- 2.3.4 Poly(esteramide) - PEA -- 2.3.5 Poly(vinyl alcohol) - PVA -- 2.3.6 Blends -- References -- 3 - Properties and applications -- 3.1 Biodegradable polymers from renewable resources -- 3.1.1 Poly(lactic acid) - PLA -- 3.1.1.1 Properties -- 3.1.1.2 Processing -- 3.1.1.3 Applications -- 3.1.2 Polyhydroxyalkanoates - PHA -- 3.1.2.1 Properties -- 3.1.2.2 Processing -- 3.1.2.3 Applications -- 3.1.3 Thermoplastic starch - TPS -- 3.1.3.1 Properties -- 3.1.3.2 Processing -- 3.1.3.3 Applications -- 3.1.4 Other compostable polymers from renewable resources -- 3.1.4.1 Cellulose -- 3.1.4.1.1 Properties -- 3.1.4.1.2 Processing -- 3.1.4.1.3 Applications -- 3.1.4.2 Chitosan -- 3.1.4.2.1 Properties -- 3.1.4.2.2 Processing -- 3.1.4.2.3 Applications -- 3.1.4.3 Proteins -- 3.1.4.3.1 Properties -- 3.1.4.3.2 Processing -- 3.1.4.3.3 Applications -- 3.2 Biodegradable polymers from petrochemical sources -- 3.2.1 Aliphatic polyesters and copolyesters -- 3.2.1.1 Properties -- 3.2.1.2 Processing -- 3.2.1.3 Applications.
3.2.2 Aromatic polyesters and copolyesters -- 3.2.2.1 Properties -- 3.2.2.2 Processing -- 3.2.2.3 Applications -- 3.2.3 Poly(caprolactone) - PCL -- 3.2.3.1 Properties -- 3.2.3.2 Processing -- 3.2.3.3 Applications -- 3.2.4 Poly(esteramide)s - PEA -- 3.2.4.1 Properties -- 3.2.4.2 Processing -- 3.2.4.3 Applications -- 3.2.5 Poly(vinyl alcohol) - PVA -- 3.2.5.1 Properties -- 3.2.5.2 Processing -- 3.2.5.3 Applications -- 3.3 Blends -- 3.3.1 Applications -- 3.4 Summary -- 3.4.1 Major markets of compostable polymer materials -- References -- 4 - Thermal and thermooxidative degradation -- 4.1 Biodegradable polymers from renewable resources -- 4.1.1 Poly(lactic acid) PLA -- 4.1.2 Polyhydroxyalkanoates PHA -- 4.1.3 Thermoplastic starch TPS -- 4.1.4 Other compostable polymers from renewable resources -- 4.1.4.1 Cellulose -- 4.1.4.2 Chitosan -- 4.1.4.3 Proteins -- 4.2 Biodegradable polymers from petrochemical sources -- 4.2.1 Aliphatic polyesters and copolyesters -- 4.2.2 Aromatic polyesters and copolyesters -- 4.2.3 Poly(caprolactone) PCL -- 4.2.4 Poly(esteramides) PEA -- 4.2.5 Poly(vinyl alcohol) PVA -- 4.3 Blends -- 4.4 Summary of thermal stability of compostable polymer materials -- 4.5 Flammability and fire testing of compostable polymers -- References -- 5 - Composting methods and legislation -- 5.1 Composting definitions -- 5.2 Composting process and methods -- 5.2.1 The first mesophilic phase [15] -- 5.2.2 Thermophilic phase [15] -- 5.2.3 Cooling and maturation phase [15] -- 5.2.4 Microorganisms -- 5.2.5 Conditions of composting -- 5.2.6 Compost quality -- 5.2.7 Compost quality standards -- 5.3 Composting standards -- 5.3.1 ASTM 6400- 12 Specification for labeling of plastics designed to be aerobically composted in municipal or industrial facil. 5.3.2 ASTM D6868 Standard specification for labeling of end items that incorporate plastics and polymers as coatings or additive... -- 5.3.3 ISO 17088 Specifications for compostable plastics [3] -- 5.3.4 EN 13432 Packaging - requirements for packaging recoverable through composting and biodegradation - test scheme and evalua... -- 5.3.5 EN 14995 Plastics. Evaluation of compostability. Test scheme and specifications [31] -- 5.3.6 ISO 18606 Packaging and environment - organic recycling [32] -- 5.3.7 AS 4736 Biodegradable plastics - biodegradable plastics suitable for composting and other microbial treatment [33] -- 5.3.8 Comparison of standards -- 5.4 Labelling systems in different regions -- 5.4.1 In Europe -- 5.4.1.1 The compostability mark of European Bioplastics -- 5.4.1.2 The compostability mark of DIN -- 5.4.1.3 The compostability mark of TÜV AUSTRIA BELGIUM (former AIBVinçotte) (Belgium) -- 5.4.1.4 Compostability mark of Finnish Solid Waste Association (Jätelaitosyhdistys) (Finland) -- 5.4.2 In America -- 5.4.3 In Asia -- 5.4.4 In Australia and New Zealand -- 5.5 Cooperation between certification and labeling systems -- References -- 6 - Biodegradability testing of compostable polymer materials under laboratory conditions -- 6.1 Definitions related to biodegradation testing -- Activated sludge (ISO/DIS 14851) -- Activated vermiculite (ISO 14855-1) -- Biochemical oxygen demand (BOD) (ISO/DIS 14851) -- Biodegradation phase (ISO 14855-1) -- Concentration of suspended solids in an activated sludge (ISO/DIS 14851) -- Composting (ISO 14855-1) -- Compost (ISO/DIS 14855-2) -- Compostability (ISO 20200) -- Disintegration (ISO 14855-1) -- Dry mass (ISO 20200) -- Dissolved organic carbon (DOC) (ISO/DIS 14851) -- Inorganic carbon (IC) (ISO 14853) -- Lag phase (ISO 14855-1) -- Maximum level of biodegradation (ISO 14855-1). Mesophilic incubation period (ISO 20200) -- Plateau phase (ISO 14855-1) -- Pre-exposure(ISO/DIS 14855-2) -- Pre-conditioning(ISO/DIS 14855-2) -- Theoretical amount of evolved carbon dioxide (ThCO2) (ISO 14855-1) -- Thermophilic incubation period (ISO 20200) -- Theoretical oxygen demand (ThOD) (ISO/DIS 14851) -- Total dry solids (ISO 14855-1) -- Total organic carbon (TOC) (ISO/DIS 14851) -- Ultimate aerobic biodegradation (ISO 14855-1,ISO/DIS 14851) -- Volatile solids (ISO 14855-1) -- Water-holdingcapacity WHC (ISO/DIS 14855-2) -- 6.2 International standards related to composting -- 6.3 Principles of main standards related to composting and biodegradability testing -- ISO 14855-1:2012 - determination of the ultimate aerobicbiodegradability of plastic materials under controlled compostingconditions - method by analysis of evolved carbon dioxide - part 1:general method -- Scope -- Principle -- Priming effect -- ISO/DIS 14855-2- determination of the ultimate aerobic biodegradability of plastic materials under controlled composting condi... -- Scope -- Principle -- ISO 20200:2015- plastics - determination of the degree of disintegration of plastic materials under simulated composting conditi... -- Scope -- Principle -- ISO/DIS 14851 - determination of the ultimate aerobic biodegradability of plastic materials in an aqueous medium - method by mea... -- Scope -- Principle -- ISO/DIS 14852 - determination of the ultimate aerobic biodegradability of plastic materials in an aqueous medium - method by ana... -- Scope -- Principle -- 6.4 Composting at laboratory scale -- 6.5 Biodegradability testing methods -- 6.6 Biodegradation of biodegradable polymers from renewable resources -- 6.6.1 Biodegradation of poly(lactic acid) - PLA -- 6.6.1.1 Degradation mechanisms -- 6.6.1.2 Degradation in compost -- 6.6.2 Biodegradation of polyhydroxyalkanoates - PHA. 6.6.2.1 Degradation mechanisms -- 6.6.2.2 Degradation in compost -- 6.6.3 Thermoplastic starch - TPS -- 6.6.4 Biodegradation of other compostable polymers from renewable resources -- 6.6.4.1 Biodegradation of cellulose -- 6.6.4.2 Biodegradation of chitosan -- 6.6.4.3 Biodegradation of proteins -- 6.7 Biodegradation of biodegradable polymers from petrochemical sources -- 6.7.1 Biodegradation of aliphatic polyesters and copolyesters -- 6.7.2 Biodegradation of aromatic polyesters and copolyesters -- 6.7.3 Biodegradation of poly(caprolactone) - PCL -- 6.7.4 Biodegradation of poly(esteramide)s -- 6.7.5 Biodegradation of poly(vinyl alcohol) -- 6.8 Biodegradation of blends -- 6.8.1 Blends of PLA -- 6.8.2 Blends of PHA -- 6.8.3 Blends of starch -- 6.8.4 Blends of PCL -- 6.8.5 Blends of aliphatic-aromatic copolyesters -- 6.8.6 PVA blends -- 6.8.7 Miscellaneous -- References -- 7 - Biodegradation of compostable polymer materials under real conditions -- References -- 8 - Biodegradation of compostable polymers in various environments -- 8.1 Introduction -- 8.2 Compostable polymers-degrading microorganisms -- 8.2.1 PLA -- 8.2.2 PHA -- 8.2.3 PBS -- 8.2.4 Aliphatic-aromatic copolyesters -- 8.2.5 Polyesteramides -- 8.3 Biodegradation in soil environment -- 8.3.1 PLA -- 8.3.2 Polyhydroxyalkanoates -- 8.3.3 TPS -- 8.3.4 Proteins -- 8.3.5 Aliphatic polyesters -- 8.3.6 Aliphatic-aromaticpolyesters -- 8.3.7 Polyesteramides -- 8.4 Biodegradation in anaerobic environment -- 8.4.1 PLA -- 8.4.2 PHB -- 8.4.3 Various -- 8.4.4 PVA -- 8.4.5 Blends -- 8.5 Biodegradation in marine environment -- References -- 9 - Ecotoxicological assessment of compostable polymer materials -- 9.1 Introduction -- 9.2 Definitions -- 9.2.1 Ecotoxicology -- 9.2.2 Ecotoxicity -- 9.3 Methods -- 9.3.1 Plant phytotoxicity testing -- 9.3.2 Animal toxicity test -- 9.3.3 Algal test. 9.3.4 Luminescent bacteria test. |
| Record Nr. | UNINA-9911006912503321 |
Rudnik Ewa
|
||
| Marrickville : , : Elsevier, , 2019 | ||
| Materiale a stampa | ||
| Lo trovi qui: Univ. Federico II | ||
| ||
Compostable polymer materials / / Ewa Rudnik
| Compostable polymer materials / / Ewa Rudnik |
| Autore | Rudnik Ewa, dr. inz. |
| Edizione | [1st ed.] |
| Pubbl/distr/stampa | Boston ; ; Amsterdam ; ; London, : Elsevier Science, 2008 |
| Descrizione fisica | 1 online resource (225 p.) |
| Disciplina | 668.49 |
| Soggetto topico |
Biodegradable plastics
Plastics - Biodegradation |
| ISBN |
9786611189341
9781281189349 1281189340 9780080560847 0080560849 |
| Formato | Materiale a stampa |
| Livello bibliografico | Monografia |
| Lingua di pubblicazione | eng |
| Nota di contenuto |
Front Cover; Compostable Polymer Materials; Copyright Page; Contents; Preface; Symbols and abbreviations; Chapter 1. Introduction; 1.1 Situation in Europe; 1.2 Situation in the United States; 1.3 Situation in other regions of the world; References; Chapter 2. Compostable polymer materials - definitions, structures and methods of preparation; 2.1 Biodegradable polymers from renewable resources; 2.2 Other compostable polymers from renewable resources; 2.3 Biodegradable polymers from petrochemical sources; References; Chapter 3. Properties and applications
3.1 Biodegradable polymers from renewable resources3.2 Biodegradable polymers from petrochemical sources; 3.3 Blends; 3.4 Summary; References; Chapter 4. Thermal and thermooxidative degradation; 4.1 Biodegradable polymers from renewable resources; 4.2 Biodegradable polymers from petrochemical sources; 4.3 Blends; 4.4 Summary of thermal stability of compostable polymer materials; References; Chapter 5. Composting methods and legislation; 5.1 Composting definitions; 5.2 Composting process and methods; 5.3 Composting of biodegradable polymers; 5.4 Labelling systems in different regions 5.5 Cooperation between certification and labelling systemsReferences; Chapter 6. Biodegradability testing of compostable polymer materials; 6.1 Definitions related to biodegradation testing; 6.2 International standards related to composting; 6.3 Principles of main standards related to composting and biodegradability testing; 6.4 Composting at laboratory scale; 6.5 Biodegradability testing methods; 6.6 Biodegradation of biodegradable polymers from renewable resources; 6.7 Biodegradation of biodegradable polymers from petrochemical sources; 6.8 Biodegradation of blends 6.9 Summary of compostingReferences; Chapter 7. Ecotoxicological assessment; 7.1 Introduction; 7.2 Definitions; 7.3 Methods; 7.4 Compostable polymers ecotoxicity testing; 7.5 Conclusions; References; Chapter 8. Environmental impact of compostable polymer materials; 8.1 Introduction; 8.2 Life cycle assessment methodology; 8.3 Life cycle assessment of poly(lactic acid); 8.4 Polyhydroxyalkanoates; 8.5 Starch-based polymers; 8.6 Blends; 8.7 Overview; 8.8 Conclusions; References; Chapter 9. Perspectives; 9.1 Price evolution; 9.2 Capacity; 9.3 Legislation initiatives; 9.4 Demand estimation 9.5 ConclusionsReferences; Index |
| Record Nr. | UNINA-9910583021403321 |
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Rudnik Ewa, dr. inz.
|
||
| Boston ; ; Amsterdam ; ; London, : Elsevier Science, 2008 | ||
| Materiale a stampa | ||
| Lo trovi qui: Univ. Federico II | ||
| ||
Manufacturing flexible packaging : materials, machinery, and techniques / / Thomas Dunn
| Manufacturing flexible packaging : materials, machinery, and techniques / / Thomas Dunn |
| Autore | Dunn Thomas |
| Edizione | [1st edition] |
| Pubbl/distr/stampa | Oxford, England ; ; Waltham, Massachusetts : , : William Andrew, , 2015 |
| Descrizione fisica | 1 online resource (305 p.) |
| Disciplina | 668.49 |
| Collana | PDL Handbook Series |
| Soggetto topico |
Flexible packaging
Package goods industry |
| Soggetto genere / forma | Electronic books. |
| ISBN | 0-323-26505-7 |
| Formato | Materiale a stampa |
| Livello bibliografico | Monografia |
| Lingua di pubblicazione | eng |
| Nota di contenuto |
Front Cover; Manufacturing Flexible Packaging; Copyright Page; Contents; Introduction; Background; Reference; 1 Basics of Web Processes; Web Tension; Web Winding; Cross-Web Variation; Web Dimensional Analysis; Industry Units of Measure; Web Length Estimation; Roll Rewind Designation; 2 Rotogravure Printing; Gravure Process; Gravure Cylinders; Halftone Image Reproduction; Ink Metering; Gravure Process Innovation; Cylinder Cost and Cycle Time; Work Practices; Reference; 3 Flexographic Printing; The Flexo Process; Numerical Color Space; Flexo Ink Metering
Flexo Halftone Printing (Process Printing)Flexo Process Innovation; Reference; 4 Adhesive Lamination; Adhesive Laminating Process; Adhesive Lamination Strength; Other Coating Processes; Adhesive Laminating Innovation; Reference; 5 Extrusion Lamination and Coating; Extrusion Laminating Process; Promoting Adhesion: Melt Curtain; Promoting Adhesion: Substrate; Extrusion Coating Process; Extrusion Laminating Innovation; References; 6 Finishing and Slitting; Communicating Slit Roll Requirements; Slitting Options; Rewind Options; References; 7 In-Line Processes; Equipment Requirements Operational ConsiderationsAvailability; Performance; Quality; Success Criteria; 8 OEE Effectiveness; Overall Equipment Effectiveness; Availability; Performance; Quality; OEE Calculation; References; 9 Efficiency and Cost Accounting; Efficiency; Material Waste; Time Waste; Cost Accounting; Minimum Order Size; References; 10 Basics of Control Systems; Distributed Control Systems; Data Inputs; Process Feedback; Open-Loop Control System; Closed-Loop Control System; PID Controls; References; 11 Rotogravure Presses; Press Components; Ink Viscosity; Electrostatic Assist; Image Monitoring 12 Flexographic PressesPress Components; Plate Cylinder Pressure; Plates, Mounting Tape, and Plate Sleeves; Drying Technology; Reference; 13 Adhesive Laminators; Dry Bond Laminators; Solventless Laminators; Online Coating Measurement; 14 Flexible Packaging Extrusion Coating/Laminating Line; Line Configuration; Gauge Measurement and Control; 15 Slitters; 16 Preventative Maintenance versus Available Production Time; Availability; Preventative Maintenance; Calibration; Actual Operating Time; 17 Setup/Cleanup versus Scheduled Production Time; Performance; Setup and Cleanup Decreased Speeds and Minor StoppagesIncreased Speeds; 18 Saleable Product versus Product Produced; Quality; Reference; 19 Paper; Paper Dimensioning; Paper Grades; Paper Coatings; Paper for Flexible Packaging; References; 20 Foil; Production; Converting; Commercial Trends; References; 21 Unoriented Plastic Films; Flexible Films; Cast; Tubular; General Film Property Effects; References; 22 Oriented Plastic Films; Film Orientation; Oriented Film Applications; Cast (Tenter); Tubular (Bubble); Special Oriented Film Effects; References; 23 Bulk Polyolefin Resins; Polymer Structure Functional Description |
| Record Nr. | UNISA-996426340603316 |
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Dunn Thomas
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| Oxford, England ; ; Waltham, Massachusetts : , : William Andrew, , 2015 | ||
| Materiale a stampa | ||
| Lo trovi qui: Univ. di Salerno | ||
| ||
Manufacturing flexible packaging : materials, machinery, and techniques / Thomas Dunn
| Manufacturing flexible packaging : materials, machinery, and techniques / Thomas Dunn |
| Autore | DUNN, Thomas |
| Pubbl/distr/stampa | Oxford ; Waltham, : William Andrew, 2015 |
| Descrizione fisica | Testo elettronico (PDF) (288 p.) |
| Disciplina | 668.49 |
| Collana | PDL Handbook Series |
| Soggetto topico | Imballaggi - Flessibilità |
| Formato | Risorse elettroniche  |
| Livello bibliografico | Monografia |
| Lingua di pubblicazione | eng |
| Record Nr. | UNISA-996461149803316 |
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DUNN, Thomas
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| Oxford ; Waltham, : William Andrew, 2015 | ||
| Risorse elettroniche | ||
| Lo trovi qui: Univ. di Salerno | ||
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Plastics failure : analysis and prevention / / John Moalli, editor
| Plastics failure : analysis and prevention / / John Moalli, editor |
| Pubbl/distr/stampa | Norwich, N.Y., : Plastics Design Library, c2001 |
| Descrizione fisica | 1 online resource (351 p.) |
| Disciplina |
620.1
668.49 |
| Altri autori (Persone) | MoalliJohn |
| Collana | Plastics Design Library |
| Soggetto topico |
Polymers - Fracture
Polymers - Testing Polymerization - Testing Plastics - Testing |
| ISBN |
1-282-01139-1
9786612011399 0-08-095054-X 0-8155-1865-X |
| Formato | Materiale a stampa |
| Livello bibliografico | Monografia |
| Lingua di pubblicazione | eng |
| Nota di contenuto |
Front Cover; Plastics Failure: Analysis and Prevention; Copyright Page; Contents; Preface; Chapter 1. Failure Mechanisms; Plastics Failure Due to Oxidative Degradation in Processing and Service; Durability Study of Conductive Copper Traces Within Polyimide Based Substrates; Fatigue Behavior of Discontinuous Glass Fiber Reinforced Polypropylene; Ductile Failure and Delayed Necking in Polyethylene; Chapter 2. Processing and Assembly; The Role of a Heat Affected Zone (HAZ) on Mechanical Properties in Thermally Welded Low Density Polyethylene Blown Film
Effects of Processing Conditions on the Failure Mode of an Aliphatic Polyketone TerpolymerOrientation Effects on the Weldability of Polypropylene Strapping Tape; Joint Performance of Mechanical Fasteners under Dynamic Load-Self-Tapping Screws in Comparison with Threaded Inserts in Brass and Plastic; Defect Cost Analysis; Chapter 3. Environmental Effects; Environmental Stress Cracking (ESC) of ABS (II); Residual Stress Development in Marine Coatings Under Simulated Service Conditions; Estimation of Long-term Properties of Epoxies in Body Fluids Mechanical Performance of Polyamides with Influence of Moisture and Temperature - Accurate Evaluation and Better UnderstandingTemperature-Moisture-Mechanical Response of Vinyl Ester Resin and Pultruded Vinyl Ester/E-Glass Laminated Composites; Freeze-thaw Durability of Composites for Civil Infrastructure; Chapter 4. Morphology and Fractography; Fractography of ABS; Fractography of Metals and Plastics; Crack Propagation in Continuous Glass Fiber/Polypropylene Composites: Matrix Microstructure Effect; Fracture Behavior of Polypropylene Modified with Metallocene Catalyzed Polyolefin Morphology and Mechanical Behavior of Polypropylene Hot Plate WeldsThe Influence of Morphology on the Impact Performance of an Impact Modified PP/PS Alloy; Morphological Study of Fatigue Induced Damage in Semi-crystalline Polymers; Chapter 5. Modeling of Failures and Failure processes; Failure Analysis Models for Polyacetal Molded Fittings in Plumbing Systems; Progressive Failure Analysis of Fiber Composite Structures; Calculating Thermally Induced Stresses Using a Nonlinear Viscoelastic Material Model Evaluation of a Yield Criteria and Energy Absorbing Mechanisms of Rubber Modified Epoxies in Multiaxial Stress StatesChapter 6. Design and Life Prediction; Shelf Life Failure Prediction Considerations for Irradiated Polypropylene Medical Devices; Determining Etch Compensation Factors for Printed Circuit Boards; Activation Energies of Polymer Degradation; Estimation of Time-temperature-collectives at Describing Ageing of Polymer Materials; Chapter 7. Test Methods; Standard Test Procedures for Relevant Material Properties for Structural Analysis Factors Affecting Variation in Gardner Impact Testing |
| Record Nr. | UNINA-9911004849403321 |
| Norwich, N.Y., : Plastics Design Library, c2001 | ||
| Materiale a stampa | ||
| Lo trovi qui: Univ. Federico II | ||
| ||