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Investing in research [[electronic resource] ] : a proposal to strengthen the agricultural, food, and environmental system / / Board on Agriculture, National Research Council
| Investing in research [[electronic resource] ] : a proposal to strengthen the agricultural, food, and environmental system / / Board on Agriculture, National Research Council |
| Pubbl/distr/stampa | Washington, D.C., : National Academy Press, 1989 |
| Descrizione fisica | 1 online resource (167 p.) |
| Disciplina | 630/.7973 |
| Soggetto topico |
Agriculture - Research grants - United States
Food - Research grants - United States Natural resources - Management - Research grants - United States Agriculture - Research - United States - Finance Food - Research - United States - Finance Natural resources - Management - Research - United States - Finance |
| Soggetto genere / forma | Electronic books. |
| ISBN |
1-280-21423-6
9786610214235 0-309-53597-2 0-585-14903-8 |
| Formato | Materiale a stampa  |
| Livello bibliografico | Monografia |
| Lingua di pubblicazione | eng |
| Record Nr. | UNINA-9910455904803321 |
| Washington, D.C., : National Academy Press, 1989 | ||
| Materiale a stampa | ||
| Lo trovi qui: Univ. Federico II | ||
| ||
Investing in research [[electronic resource] ] : a proposal to strengthen the agricultural, food, and environmental system / / Board on Agriculture, National Research Council
| Investing in research [[electronic resource] ] : a proposal to strengthen the agricultural, food, and environmental system / / Board on Agriculture, National Research Council |
| Pubbl/distr/stampa | Washington, D.C., : National Academy Press, 1989 |
| Descrizione fisica | 1 online resource (167 p.) |
| Disciplina | 630/.7973 |
| Soggetto topico |
Agriculture - Research grants - United States
Food - Research grants - United States Natural resources - Management - Research grants - United States Agriculture - Research - United States - Finance Food - Research - United States - Finance Natural resources - Management - Research - United States - Finance |
| ISBN |
1-280-21423-6
9786610214235 0-309-53597-2 0-585-14903-8 |
| Formato | Materiale a stampa |
| Livello bibliografico | Monografia |
| Lingua di pubblicazione | eng |
| Record Nr. | UNINA-9910778786003321 |
| Washington, D.C., : National Academy Press, 1989 | ||
| Materiale a stampa | ||
| Lo trovi qui: Univ. Federico II | ||
| ||
Investing in research : a proposal to strengthen the agricultural, food, and environmental system / / Board on Agriculture, National Research Council
| Investing in research : a proposal to strengthen the agricultural, food, and environmental system / / Board on Agriculture, National Research Council |
| Edizione | [1st ed.] |
| Pubbl/distr/stampa | Washington, D.C., : National Academy Press, 1989 |
| Descrizione fisica | 1 online resource (167 p.) |
| Disciplina | 630/.7973 |
| Soggetto topico |
Agriculture - Research grants - United States
Food - Research grants - United States Natural resources - Management - Research grants - United States Agriculture - Research - United States - Finance Food - Research - United States - Finance Natural resources - Management - Research - United States - Finance |
| ISBN |
1-280-21423-6
9786610214235 0-309-53597-2 0-585-14903-8 |
| Formato | Materiale a stampa |
| Livello bibliografico | Monografia |
| Lingua di pubblicazione | eng |
| Nota di contenuto |
Investing in Research -- Copyright -- Preface -- Acknowledgments -- Contents -- Investing in Research -- 1 Executive Summary -- URGENCY FOR CHANGE -- Competitiveness -- Human Health and Well-Being -- Natural Resources and the Environment -- New Knowledge -- THE PROPOSAL -- An Expanded Public Investment -- Program Areas and Scientific Scope -- Grant Types -- Attention to Multidisciplinary Research -- Strengthening Institutions and Human Resources -- Size and Duration of Support -- RATIONALE FOR THE PROPOSAL -- A Federal Initiative -- A 500 Million Increase -- Support with New Money -- The Central Role of USDA -- Competitive Grants -- FISCAL REALITIES -- Trade-Offs -- Redirection within the USDA Research Budget -- Reinvesting Subsidy Savings -- Federal Investment -- Investing Now -- CONCLUSION -- 2 The Proposal -- AN EXPANDED PUBLIC INVESTMENT -- PROGRAM AREAS AND SCIENTIFIC SCOPE -- TYPES OF GRANTS -- ATTENTION TO MULTIDISCIPLINARY RESEARCH -- STRENGTHEN INSTITUTIONS AND HUMAN RESOURCES -- SIZE AND DURATION OF SUPPORT -- NOTES -- 3 Rationale for the Proposal -- A FEDERAL INITIATIVE -- State Sector -- Private Sector -- Level of Effort -- Prospects for Growth -- Focus of Private Sector R& -- D -- Diffusion of R& -- D Results -- Federal Sector -- A 500 MILLION INCREASE -- Investing in Agriculture -- Adequacy of Funding -- Size and Duration of Grants -- Number and Size of Grants by Type -- Availability of Scientists -- SUPPORT WITH NEW MONEY -- Consequences of the Lack of R& -- D Growth -- State-Federal Partnership -- Fiscal Realities -- Trade-Offs -- Redirection within the USDA Research Budget -- Investment of Subsidy Savings -- Investment Using Non-USDA Funds -- Investment Now -- A CENTRAL ROLE FOR USDA -- Linkages with ARS -- Linkages with State Agricultural Experiment Stations -- Linkages with the Cooperative Extension Service.
Linkages with Other Federal Agencies -- THE ROLE OF COMPETITIVE GRANTS -- Federal R& -- D Funding Mechanisms -- Intramural Funding -- Formula Funding -- Special Grants -- Competitive Grants -- FY 1988 Distribution of Funds -- The Advantages of Competitive Grants -- Responsiveness and Flexibility -- Talent and Openness -- Balance among Funding Mechanisms -- ATTENTION TO MULTIDISCIPLINARY RESEARCH -- STRENGTHEN INSTITUTIONS AND HUMAN RESOURCES -- NOTE -- 4 Challenges Facing the Research System -- COMPETITIVENESS AND ECONOMIC PERFORMANCE -- International Agricultural Trade and Markets -- Policy Context -- Issues -- National Economic Performance -- Needing and Using Policy -- Developing New Uses and Markets for Agricultural and Forest Products -- Developing Value-Added Products -- Reducing Producer and Processor Costs -- Challenges -- HUMAN HEALTH AND WELL-BEING -- Designing Food Products for Improved Health -- Challenges -- Food Safety -- Pestecide Residues -- Challenges -- Microbiological Contamination -- Challenges -- Risk Assessment and Management -- Challenges -- NATURAL RESOURCES STEWARDSHIP -- Water Quality and Quantity -- Challenges -- Challenges -- Soil Resources -- Challenges -- Global Atmospheric Change -- Challenges -- Biological and Genetic Diversity -- Challenges -- Ecosystem Structure and Function -- Challenges -- Pests and Pesticides -- Challenges -- Waste Management -- Challenges -- 5 Program Areas and Scientific Opportunities -- PROGRAM AREAS -- PLANT SYSTEMS -- Genetics and Diversity -- Plant Developmental Biology -- Energy, Carbon Metabolism, and Minerals -- Plant and Pest Interactions -- Ecology and Plant Populations -- Waste Management -- Plant Production Economics -- ANIMAL SYSTEMS -- Cellular Growth and Development -- Genetics and Reproduction -- Molecular Basis of Disease -- Uses of Animal Wastes. Animal Production Systems and Economics -- NUTRITION, FOOD QUALITY, AND HEALTH -- New Dimensions of Nutritional and Food Sciences -- Food Contaminants and Microbial Hazards -- Food Biotechnology -- Designing Foods for Optimal Nutrition and Safety -- Quality Specifications, Processing, and Health -- Packaging and Distribution Methods -- NATURAL RESOURCES AND THE ENVIRONMENT -- Water Quality and Water Management -- Quality and Productivity of Soils and Land Use -- Effect of Environment on Agricultural Productivity -- Atmospheric and Climatic Change -- Biological and Genetic Diversity -- Forests, Rangelands, and Wildlife -- Development of a Land Ethic -- ENGINEERING, PRODUCTS, AND PROCESS -- Water Quality and Management -- Sensors -- Computing and Information Management -- Bioengineering -- Bioprocessing -- Innovation in Equipment Manufacturing -- Production Efficiency and Resource Conservation -- MARKETS, TRADE, AND POLICY -- Markets and Trade -- Technological Innovation and Value-Added Products -- Economic Performance -- Rural Development -- RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN PROGRAM AREAS AND RECOGNIZED PRIORITIES -- RELATIONSHIPS AMONG THE SIX MAJOR PROGRAM AREAS, SCIENTIFIC DISCIPLINES, AND NATIONAL PRIORITIES -- SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY BUDGET PRIORITIES -- Responding to USDA's Missions -- Strengthening the Science and Technology Infrastructure -- Targeting National Priorities -- Supporting Major Science and Technology Initiatives -- CONCLUSION -- 6 Institutional and Administrative Issues -- PROGRAM'S LOCATION IN USDA -- Option I: Major Unit within the Office of Science and Education -- Option II: Retention within the Cooperative State Research Service -- Option III: Creation of a Separate Institute -- PROGRAM TRANSITIONS -- Program Planning and Advisory Committees -- The Peer Review Process -- Administrative Changes. NEED TO MANAGE FOR MULTIDISCIPLINARY SUCCESS -- PROGRAM EVALUATION AND ACCOUNTABILITY -- Appendixes -- A Public and Private Sector Programs and Funding Trends -- Federal R& -- D Expenditures by Agency and Area of Science -- Research Shares by Area of Science -- U.S. Department of Agriculture Expenditure Levels, Trends, and Priorities -- Major Shifts in USDA Budget Priorities -- Overview of the Publicly Funded R& -- D System -- Agricultural Research Service -- Economic Research Service -- U.S. Forest Service -- State Agricultural Experiment Stations -- Competitive Research Grants Office -- Extension Service -- Combined USDA Funding Trends -- Higher Education Activities in USDA -- B Private Sector Research Activities and Prospects -- Private R& -- D Support By Area Of Technology -- Trends In Public And Private Sector Research Focus -- Private Sector Capacity To Increase R& -- D -- Pesticide Industry -- Seed Industry -- Fertilizer Industry -- Machinery -- Livestock Industry -- Veterinary Services -- Factors Influencing Private Sector R& -- D -- Corporate Consolidation -- C Setting and Acting Upon Budget Priorities -- Current Priority-Setting Mechanisms -- Congressional Budget Actions -- Specificity of Program Guidance by the U.S. Congress Through the Appropriations Process -- D Statements of Program Objectives and Funding Response -- Agricultural Research Service -- Joint Council for Food and Agricultural Sciences -- Users Advisory Board -- Agency Budget Recommendations -- Agricultural Research Service -- Cooperative State Research Service -- Economic Research Service -- Extension Service -- U.S. Forest Service -- Human Nutrition Information Service -- National Agricultural Research Committee -- A Review of the Impact of Priority-Setting Mechanisms on Budget Allocations -- References. |
| Record Nr. | UNINA-9910811950303321 |
| Washington, D.C., : National Academy Press, 1989 | ||
| Materiale a stampa | ||
| Lo trovi qui: Univ. Federico II | ||
| ||
National Research Initiative [[electronic resource] ] : a vital competitive grants program in food, fiber, and natural-resources research / / Committee on an Evaluation of the US Department of Agriculture National Research Initiative Competitive Grants Program ; Board on Agriculture and Natural Resources ; National Research Council
| National Research Initiative [[electronic resource] ] : a vital competitive grants program in food, fiber, and natural-resources research / / Committee on an Evaluation of the US Department of Agriculture National Research Initiative Competitive Grants Program ; Board on Agriculture and Natural Resources ; National Research Council |
| Pubbl/distr/stampa | Washington, D.C., : National Academy Press, c2000 |
| Descrizione fisica | 1 online resource (211 p.) |
| Disciplina | 630/.7973 |
| Collana | Compass series |
| Soggetto topico |
Food - Research grants - United States
Agriculture - Research grants - United States Natural resources - Research grants - United States Fiber plants - Research grants - United States |
| Soggetto genere / forma | Electronic books. |
| ISBN |
1-280-18545-7
9786610185450 0-309-59227-5 0-585-31689-9 |
| Formato | Materiale a stampa |
| Livello bibliografico | Monografia |
| Lingua di pubblicazione | eng |
| Record Nr. | UNINA-9910455648703321 |
| Washington, D.C., : National Academy Press, c2000 | ||
| Materiale a stampa | ||
| Lo trovi qui: Univ. Federico II | ||
| ||
National Research Initiative [[electronic resource] ] : a vital competitive grants program in food, fiber, and natural-resources research / / Committee on an Evaluation of the US Department of Agriculture National Research Initiative Competitive Grants Program ; Board on Agriculture and Natural Resources ; National Research Council
| National Research Initiative [[electronic resource] ] : a vital competitive grants program in food, fiber, and natural-resources research / / Committee on an Evaluation of the US Department of Agriculture National Research Initiative Competitive Grants Program ; Board on Agriculture and Natural Resources ; National Research Council |
| Pubbl/distr/stampa | Washington, D.C., : National Academy Press, c2000 |
| Descrizione fisica | 1 online resource (211 p.) |
| Disciplina | 630/.7973 |
| Collana | Compass series |
| Soggetto topico |
Food - Research grants - United States
Agriculture - Research grants - United States Natural resources - Research grants - United States Fiber plants - Research grants - United States |
| ISBN |
0-309-18356-1
1-280-18545-7 9786610185450 0-309-59227-5 0-585-31689-9 |
| Formato | Materiale a stampa |
| Livello bibliografico | Monografia |
| Lingua di pubblicazione | eng |
| Record Nr. | UNINA-9910778618103321 |
| Washington, D.C., : National Academy Press, c2000 | ||
| Materiale a stampa | ||
| Lo trovi qui: Univ. Federico II | ||
| ||
National Research Initiative : a vital competitive grants program in food, fiber, and natural-resources research / / Committee on an Evaluation of the US Department of Agriculture National Research Initiative Competitive Grants Program ; Board on Agriculture and Natural Resources ; National Research Council
| National Research Initiative : a vital competitive grants program in food, fiber, and natural-resources research / / Committee on an Evaluation of the US Department of Agriculture National Research Initiative Competitive Grants Program ; Board on Agriculture and Natural Resources ; National Research Council |
| Edizione | [1st ed.] |
| Pubbl/distr/stampa | Washington, D.C., : National Academy Press, c2000 |
| Descrizione fisica | 1 online resource (211 p.) |
| Disciplina | 630/.7973 |
| Collana | Compass series |
| Soggetto topico |
Food - Research grants - United States
Agriculture - Research grants - United States Natural resources - Research grants - United States Fiber plants - Research grants - United States |
| ISBN |
0-309-18356-1
1-280-18545-7 9786610185450 0-309-59227-5 0-585-31689-9 |
| Formato | Materiale a stampa |
| Livello bibliografico | Monografia |
| Lingua di pubblicazione | eng |
| Nota di contenuto |
NATIONAL RESEARCH INITIATIVE -- Copyright -- Preface -- Acknowledgments -- Contents -- Executive Summary -- HISTORY OF COMPETITIVE RESEARCH AT USDA -- ORGANIZATION -- STUDY PROCESS -- STATUS OF THE NATIONAL RESEARCH INITIATIVE -- THE NRI'S MISSION -- RESEARCH ACCOUNTABILITY -- PRIORITY SETTING AND ORGANIZATION -- FUNDING -- A NATIONAL FOOD, FIBER, AND NATURAL-RESOURCES RESEARCH COMPLEX -- 1 Introduction -- BRIEF HISTORY OF COMPETITIVE RESEARCH AT USDA -- NRI ORGANIZATION -- PRIOR REVIEWS OF THE NRI -- STUDY PROCESS -- OVERVIEW OF REPORT -- 2 Value of Food, Fiber, and Natural-Resources Research -- ECONOMIC CONTRIBUTIONS -- RATES OF RETURN FROM FOOD AND FIBER RESEARCH -- IMPACTS OF ADVANCES IN LIFE SCIENCES -- PUBLIC-SECTOR AND PRIVATE-SECTOR RESEARCH FUNDING -- 3 The National Research Initiative Competitive Grants Program -- QUALITY AND VALUE -- Measuring the Quality and Value of NRI-Supported Research -- Novelty and Significance of Research -- FAIRNESS -- The NRI Peer-Review Process -- Evaluation of the NRI Peer-Review Process -- RELEVANCE AND RESPONSIVENESS -- SUMMARY FINDINGS -- 4 Role and Scope of the NRI Program -- SCIENTIFIC OBJECTIVES -- Applied versus Fundamental Research -- Multidisciplinary Research -- TRAINING AND EDUCATION -- Developing Future Scientists -- Strengthening Academic Institutions in the Food and Fiber System -- Enhancing Public Understanding -- COMPLEMENTARITY -- Other USDA-Funded Research Programs -- Intramural Research -- Formula Funds: State Agricultural Experiment Stations (SAESs) and Cooperative Extension Services. -- Special Grants -- Other Competitive Grants in USDA -- Complementarity of NRI within USDA -- Other Federal Programs -- National Science Foundation -- National Institutes of Health -- Department of Energy -- Interagency Programs -- Complementarity of NRI with Other Federal Programs -- Industry and the NRI.
SUMMARY FINDINGS -- Scientific Objectives -- Training and Education -- Complementarity -- 5 Priorities and Priority-Setting at the NRI -- PROCESS -- Overview of USD A Priority-Setting Process -- NRI Priority-Setting Process -- Analysis of NRI Priority-Setting Process -- NRI RESEARCH PRIORITIES -- Funding History of the NRFs Six Divisions -- History of NRI Research Programs -- Analysis -- RESEARCH OPPORTUNITIES -- SUMMARY FINDINGS -- Priority-Setting Process -- Research Priorities -- 6 Organizational and Funding Issues -- ORGANIZATIONAL ISSUES -- Location in USDA -- NRI GOVERNANCE -- Chief Scientist -- Board of Directors -- Organization -- FUNDING ISSUES -- Total NRI Funding -- Size and Length of Grants -- Overhead Rates -- SUMMARY FINDINGS -- Organization -- Funding -- 7 Recommendations -- THE NRI'S MISSION -- RESEARCH ACCOUNTABILITY -- PRIORITY-SETTING AND ORGANIZATION -- FUNDING -- SUMMARY -- Appendixes -- Appendix A Section 1615 of the Food, Agriculture, Conservation and Trade Act of 1990 -- Appendix B Survey on the US Department of Agriculture's National Research Initiative (NRI) Competitive Grants Program -- Appendix C External Views of the NRI -- SURVEY RESULTS -- Response Rates and General Themes -- Detailed Summary of Survey Data -- INTERVIEWS WITH FORMER CHIEF SCIENTISTS -- Major Issue -- Role of the Chief Scientist -- Program Areas -- Fairness in Evaluation of Submitted Applications -- Quality of NRI Research -- USDA Administration and Management -- Economic Evaluation of NRI Program Areas -- Relationship with Congress -- TESTIMONY -- Quality and Value of Research -- Priority-Setting -- Stakeholders -- Complementarity -- Internal Processes -- Funding -- Changes for the Future -- Appendix D Outline for Interviews (June 16, 1998) with USDA Professional Staff on Internal Workings of the NRI Program. Appendix E Committee Members' Experience with the National Research Initiative, the National Institutes of Health, and the… -- Appendix F NRI Applications Funded -- Appendix G NRI Funded Contributions to Major Scientific Advances in Food, Fiber, and Natural Resources -- NRI FUNDED RESEARCH THAT HAS LED TO MAJOR SCIENTIFIC ADVANCES -- Biologically Safe Protection of Wheat from Take-all Disease by Using Soil Bacteria -- CRGO and NRI Awards to Cook and colleagues -- Patents -- Publications -- Decreasing Milk Fever In Dairy Cows: A Major Advance -- NRI Award to Goff and Horst -- Publications -- Storage-Protein Modification in Potato: Tuber Quality and Vaccine Production -- Awards to Park -- Award to Mason -- Publications -- Establishing Nutritional Requirements for Vitamin B6 and Folate in Humans -- CRGO and NRI Awards to Gregory -- Production of Cattle and Swine Embryos in Vitro, a Prelude to Cloning -- CRGO and NRI Awards to First -- Patent -- Corn from Cells, Not from Seeds -- CRGO and NRI grant awards to Phillips -- Cloning of Chitinase and Its Practical Application as a Biopesticide -- CRGO and NRI Awards to Kramer -- Patent -- Publications -- Additional Information -- Dogs and Infectious Abortion in Cows: A Mystery Solved -- NRI Awards to McAllister -- Publications -- NRI FUNDED RESEARCH WITH HIGH POTENTIAL FOR FUTURE SCIENTIFIC ADVANCES -- A Step Closer to Bioengineering Cold-Tolerant Plants -- NRI Awards (directly related to this research) -- Publications (directly related to this research) -- Reducing Processing Waste and Negative Environmental Impacts by Wood Modification -- NRI Grants (directly related to this research) -- Patent -- Publications (directly related to this research) -- Bioengineered Safe Resistance to Glyphosate Herbicide -- NRI Awards (directly related to this research) -- Publication (directly related to this research). Establishment of the Role of Steroid Hormones in Plant Growth and Development -- NRI Awards -- Patents -- Publications -- Additional Information -- Signal-Transduction Pathway of the Plant Hormone Ethylene -- NRI Awards -- Patents -- Publications -- Additional Information -- Improvements in Plant Biotechnology by Manipulation of Gene Silencing -- NRI Awards to Vicki Vance, University of South Carolina -- NRI Awards to James Carrington, Texas A& -- M University -- Patent -- Publications -- A New BAC Library Vector for Transferring Large DNA Inserts to Plants -- NRI Award -- Patent -- Publications -- Additional Information: -- Appendix H Research Needs in Food, Fiber, and Natural Resources -- PLANTS -- ANIMALS -- NUTRITION, FOOD SAFETY, AND HEALTH -- NATURAL RESOURCES AND THE ENVIRONMENT -- ENHANCING VALUE AND USE OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOREST PRODUCTS -- MARKETS, TRADE, AND RURAL DEVELOPMENT -- Appendix I Grant Performance Follow-on for Quality Evaluation -- References -- About the Authors -- RECENT PUBLICATIONS OF THE BOARD ON AGRICULTURE AND NATURAL RESOURCES. |
| Altri titoli varianti | Vital competitive grants program in food, fiber, and natural-resources research |
| Record Nr. | UNINA-9910812249903321 |
| Washington, D.C., : National Academy Press, c2000 | ||
| Materiale a stampa | ||
| Lo trovi qui: Univ. Federico II | ||
| ||