Autore	Henke Kevin R
Pubbl/distr/stampa	Hoboken, NJ, : Wiley, 2009
Descrizione fisica	1 online resource (589 p.)
Disciplina	628.5/2 628.52
Altri autori (Persone)	HenkeKevin R
Soggetto topico	Arsenic Arsenic - Toxicology Groundwater - Arsenic content Arsenic wastes Environmental chemistry
Soggetto genere / forma	Electronic books.
ISBN	1-282-34937-6 9786612349379 0-470-74112-0 0-470-74113-9
Formato	Materiale a stampa
Livello bibliografico	Monografia
Lingua di pubblicazione	eng
Nota di contenuto	Arsenic; Contents; List of contributors; Preface; 1. Introduction; 1.1 Arsenic origin, chemistry, and use; 1.2 Arsenic environmental impacts; 1.3 Arsenic toxicity; 1.4 Arsenic treatment and remediation; 1.4.1 Introduction; 1.4.2 Treatment and remediation of water; 1.4.3 Treatment and remediation of solid wastes, soils, and sediments; 1.4.4 Treatment of flue gases; References; 2. Arsenic Chemistry; 2.1 Introduction; 2.2 Atomic structure and isotopes of arsenic; 2.3 Arsenic valence state and bonding; 2.4 Chemistry of arsenic solids; 2.4.1 Elemental arsenic 2.4.2 Common arsenic minerals and other solid arsenic compounds2.4.3 Arsine and other volatile arsenic compounds; 2.4.4 Organoarsenicals; 2.5 Introduction to arsenic oxidation and reduction; 2.5.1 Arsenic oxidation; 2.5.2 Arsenic reduction; 2.6 Introduction to arsenic methylation and demethylation; 2.7 Arsenic in water; 2.7.1 Introduction; 2.7.2 Aqueous solubility of arsenic compounds and thermodynamics; 2.7.3 Dissolved arsenic species; 2.7.4 Dissociation of arsenious and arsenic acids; 2.7.5 Eh-pH diagrams, and their limitations 2.7.6 Sorption, ion exchange, precipitation, and coprecipitation of arsenic in water2.8 Chemistry of gaseous arsenic emissions; References; 3 Arsenic in Natural Environments; 3.1 Introduction; 3.2 Nucleosynthesis: the origin of arsenic; 3.2.1 The Big Bang; 3.2.2 Arsenic formation in stars; 3.3 Arsenic in the universe as a whole; 3.4 Arsenic chemistry of the solar system; 3.4.1 Arsenic in the Sun, Moon, and planets; 3.4.2 Arsenic in meteorites and tektites; 3.5 Arsenic in the bulk Earth, crusts, and interior 3.5.1 Estimating arsenic concentrations of the bulk Earth and the Earth's core and mantle3.5.2 The core; 3.5.3 The mantle; 3.5.4 The Earth's crusts; 3.6 Arsenic in hydrothermal and geothermal fluids and their deposits; 3.6.1 Introduction; 3.6.2 Origins of hydrothermal fluids and their arsenic; 3.6.3 Arsenic chemistry of hydrothermal fluids; 3.6.4 Arsenic mineralogy of hydrothermal deposits; 3.6.5 Surface and near-surface oxidation of hydrothermal arsenic; 3.6.6 Arsenic chemistry in hot springs; 3.6.7 Arsenic in geothermal power plant scales; 3.6.8 Arsenic in volcanic gas emissions 3.6.9 Environmental impacts of arsenic in hydrothermal and geothermal fluids3.7 Oxidation of arsenic-bearing sulfides in geologic materials and mining wastes; 3.7.1 Oxidation of sulfide minerals; 3.7.2 Factors influencing the oxidation of arsenic-bearing sulfide minerals; 3.7.3 Environmental consequences of sulfide and arsenic oxidation; 3.7.4 Oxidation chemistry of major arsenic-bearing sulfides; 3.8 Interactions between arsenic and natural organic matter (NOM); 3.9 Sorption and coprecipitation of arsenic with iron and other (oxy)(hydr)oxides; 3.9.1 Introduction 3.9.2 Iron, aluminum, and manganese (oxy)(hydr)oxides
Record Nr.	UNINA-9910146107503321

Pubbl/distr/stampa	London, United Kingdom : , : IntechOpen, , [2022]
Descrizione fisica	1 online resource (106 pages) : illustrations
Disciplina	628.52
Soggetto topico	Arsenic - Environmental aspects
ISBN	1-83969-666-4
Formato	Materiale a stampa
Livello bibliografico	Monografia
Lingua di pubblicazione	eng
Record Nr.	UNINA-9910586654303321

Autore	Klöpffer Walter <1938->
Pubbl/distr/stampa	Weinheim, : Wiley-VCH
Descrizione fisica	1 online resource (261 p.)
Disciplina	628.52
Altri autori (Persone)	WagnerBurkhard O
Soggetto topico	Organic compounds - Biodegradation Chemistry, Organic
Soggetto genere / forma	Electronic books.
ISBN	1-281-23920-8 9786611239206 3-527-61163-0 3-527-61162-2
Formato	Materiale a stampa
Livello bibliografico	Monografia
Lingua di pubblicazione	eng
Nota di contenuto	Atmospheric Degradation of Organic Substances; Foreword; Preface; Contents; Chapter 1 Significance of Photo-degradation in Environmental Risk Assessment; 1 Introduction; 2 Persistence and Long-range Transport Potential in Chemicals Regulation; 3 Multimedia Models as Tools to Estimate Persistence and Long-range Transport Potential; 4 Data Requirements for Multimedia Models; 5 Estimation of the Rate Constant of Organic Substances with Hydroxyl Radicals; 6 Research Requirements for Photo-degradation of Semi-volatile Substances; 7 Conclusions; References Chapter 2 Abiotic Degradation in the Atmosphere1 Introduction; 2 Photo-degradation in the Homogenous Gas Phase of the Troposphere; 2.1 Indirect Photochemical Reactions; 2.1.1 The Reaction with OH-Radicals; 2.1.1.1 Sources and Sinks of the OH-Radical; 2.1.1.2 Reactions of OH with Organic Compounds; 2.1.2 The Reaction with NO(3)-Radicals; 2.1.2.1 Sources and Sinks of the NO(3)-Radical; 2.1.2.2 Reactions of NO(3) with Organic Compounds; 2.1.3 The Reaction with Ozone; 2.1.3.1 Sources and Sinks of O(3) in the Troposphere; 2.1.3.2 Reactions of O(3) with Organic Compounds 2.2 Direct Photochemical Reactions2.2.1 Quantum Efficiency; 2.2.2 Examples of Photochemical Reactions in the Gas Phase; 3 Heterogeneous Degradation; 3.1 Degradation on Solid Surfaces; 3.1.1 Introduction; 3.1.2 Degradation on Fly Ash and Soot; 3.1.3 Degradation on Artificial Aerosols; 3.2 Degradation in Droplets; 3.2.1 Direct Photochemical Transformation; 3.2.2 Reactive Trace Compounds in Cloud, Fog and Rainwater; 3.2.3 Reactions of Organic Molecules; 3.2.4 Summary; 4 Experimental; 4.1 Indirect Photochemical Degradation; 4.1.1 Bimolecular Reaction with OH 4.1.1.1 Direct Methods for Measuring k(OH)4.1.1.2 Indirect Methods for the Measurement of k(OH); 4.1.2 Bimolecular Reaction with NO(3); 4.1.2.1 Introduction; 4.1.2.2 Absolute Measurement; 4.1.2.3 Relative Measurements; 4.1.3 Bimolecular Reaction with Ozone; 4.2 Direct Photo-transformation; 4.2.1 Determination of the Quantum Efficiency in the Gas Phase; 4.2.1.1 Gas Cuvette and Monochromatic Radiation; 4.2.1.2 Smog-chamber Method; 4.2.2 Outlook; 4.3 Degradation in the Adsorbed State; 4.3.1 Introduction; 4.3.2 Aerosol Chambers; 4.3.3 Alternative Measurements of k(OH,ads) 5 Additional Information Necessary for Calculating Lifetimes5.1 Atmospheric Lifetimes; 5.2 Indirect Photochemical Degradation; 5.2.1 Average OH Concentration in the Troposphere; 5.2.2 Average NO(3) Concentration in the Troposphere; 5.2.3 Average O(3) Concentration in the Troposphere; 5.3 Direct Photochemical Degradation; 5.3.1 Introduction; 5.3.2 Absorption Spectrum; 5.3.3 Spectral Photon Irradiance; 5.3.4 Final Comments on Direct and Indirect Photochemical Transformation; References; Chapter 3 Table of Reaction Rate Constants of Photo-Degradation Processes; 1 Content of the Table 2 Explanation of the Column Headings
Record Nr.	UNINA-9910143971703321

Autore	Dunnivant Frank M
Pubbl/distr/stampa	Hoboken, N.J., : Wiley-Interscience, c2006
Descrizione fisica	1 online resource (504 p.)
Disciplina	628.5/2 628.52
Altri autori (Persone)	AndersElliot
Soggetto topico	Pollution - Mathematical models Pollutants Environmental chemistry Environmental risk assessment Environmental policy
Soggetto genere / forma	Electronic books.
ISBN	1-280-34968-9 9786610349685 0-470-32323-X 0-471-75813-2 0-471-75812-4
Formato	Materiale a stampa
Livello bibliografico	Monografia
Lingua di pubblicazione	eng
Nota di contenuto	A BASIC INTRODUCTION TO POLLUTANT FATE AND TRANSPORT; CONTENTS; PREFACE; To the Instructor; To the Student; To the Environmental Professional; How to Use the Book with Fate® and Associated Software; Acknowledgments; SYMBOLS; GLOSSARY; PART I INTRODUCTION; CHAPTER 1 SOURCES AND TYPES OF POLLUTANT, WHY WE NEED MODELING, AND HISTORICAL CONTAMINATION EVENTS; 1.1 Introduction; 1.2 The Need for Modeling of Pollutants in Environmental Media; 1.3 Pollution Versus Contamination; Pollutant Versus Contaminant; 1.4 Pollution Classifications; 1.5 Sources of Pollution 1.6 Historic Examples of Where Fate and Transport Modeling are Useful1.6.1 Surface Water; 1.6.2 Groundwater; 1.6.3 Atmosphere; 1.7 Environmental Laws; References; PART II CHEMISTRY OF FATE AND TRANSPORT MODELING; CHAPTER 2 BASIC CHEMICAL PROCESSES IN POLLUTANT FATE AND TRANSPORT MODELING; 2.1 The Liquid Medium: Water and the Water Cycle; 2.2 Unique Properties of Water; 2.3 Concentration Units; 2.4 Chemical Aspects of Environmental Systems; 2.4.1 pH; 2.4.2 Activity; 2.4.3 Solubility; 2.4.4 Vapor Pressure; 2.4.5 Henry's Law Constant; 2.5 Reactions and Equilibrium; 2.5.1 Acid-base Chemistry 2.5.2 Oxidation-Reduction Chemistry2.6 Complexation; 2.7 Equilibrium Sorption Phenomena; 2.7.1 Sorption Surfaces; 2.7.2 Organic Matter; 2.7.3 Organic Sorbates; 2.7.4 Partition Coefficients, K(d) and K(p); 2.7.5 Ion Exchange Phenomena for Ionic Pollutants; 2.8 Transformation/Degradation Reactions; 2.8.1 Abiotic Chemical Transformations/Degradations; 2.8.2 Photochemical Transformation/Degradation Reactions; 2.8.3 Nuclear; 2.8.4 Biological; 2.9 Summary; References; CHAPTER 3 QUANTITATIVE ASPECTS OF CHEMISTRY TOWARD MODELING; 3.1 Introduction 3.2 Calculation of the Free Metal Ion Concentration in Natural Waters3.2.1 Calculating Chemical Equilibria; 3.2.2 Equilibrium Applied to More Complex Speciation Problems; 3.3 Methods for Determining K(d) and K(p); 3.4 Kinetics of the Sorption Process; 3.5 Sorption Isotherms; 3.5.1 A General Approach; 3.6 Kinetics of Transformation Reactions; 3.7 Putting It All Together: Where Chemistry Enters into the Modeling Effort; Case I: A Metal Pollutant; Case II: Hydrophobic Pollutants; References; PART III MODELING; CHAPTER 4 AN OVERVIEW OF POLLUTANT FATE AND TRANSPORT MODELING 4.1 Modeling Approaches4.1.1 Algebraic Solutions; 4.1.2 Modeling Using Differential Equations; 4.1.3 The General Approach for the Models Used in this Text; 4.1.4 Numerical Methods of Analysis; 4.2 The Quality of Modeling Results; 4.3 What Do You Do with Your Modeling Results?; References; CHAPTER 5 FATE AND TRANSPORT CONCEPTS FOR LAKE SYSTEMS; Case Study: Lake Onondaga; 5.1 Introduction; 5.2 Types of lakes and lake-forming events; 5.3 Input Sources; 5.4 Stratification of Lake Systems; 5.5 Important Factors in the Modeling of Lakes: Conceptual Model Development; 5.5.1 Definitions of Terms: 5.5.2 Detention Times and Effective Mixing Volumes
Record Nr.	UNINA-9910143566603321