| Pubbl/distr/stampa |
Hoboken, New Jersey : , : John Wiley & Sons, Inc., , [2022]
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| Descrizione fisica |
1 online resource (929 pages)
|
| Disciplina |
621.3126
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| Soggetto topico |
Energy storage
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| ISBN |
1-119-76010-0
1-119-23939-7
1-119-76014-3
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| Formato |
Materiale a stampa  |
| Livello bibliografico |
Monografia |
| Lingua di pubblicazione |
eng
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| Nota di contenuto |
Intro -- Advances in Energy Storage -- Contents -- List of Contributors -- 1 Energy Storage Solutions for Future Energy Systems -- 1.1 The Role of Energy Storage -- 1.2 The Definition of Energy Storage -- 1.2.1 What is an Energy Storage? -- 1.2.2 What is Actually Stored? -- 1.2.3 Energy Storage System and Its Application -- 1.2.4 Energy and Power Storage -- 1.2.5 Temporal Mismatch between Supply and Demand -- 1.3 Technologies for Energy Storage -- 1.3.1 How Can Energy be Stored? -- 1.3.2 Structure of Energy Storage Technologies -- 1.4 Applications for Energy Storage -- 1.4.1 List of Applications -- 1.4.2 Energy Storage Configurations and New Fields of Application -- Part I Electrochemical, Electrical, and Super Magnetic Energy Storages -- 2 An Introduction to Electrochemistry in Modern Power Sources -- 2.1 Introduction -- 2.2 Electrode Reactions -- 2.3 Electrochemical Cells -- 2.4 The Case for Electrochemical Power Sources -- 2.5 The Thermodynamics of Electrochemical Cells -- 2.6 The Actual Cell Voltage: Thermodynamic, Electrode Kinetic, and Ohmic Losses -- 2.7 Faraday's Laws and Charge Capacity -- 2.8 The Performance of Cells: Charge Capacity and Specific Energy Capability -- 2.9 Types of Electrochemical Device for Energy Conversion -- 3 Standalone Batteries for Power Backup and Energy Storage -- 3.1 Introduction -- 3.2 Standalone Battery Technologies -- 3.2.1 Lead-acid Battery -- 3.2.2 Lithium-ion Battery -- 3.2.3 Redox Flow Batteries -- 3.2.4 Sodium-Sulfur Battery -- 3.3 Comparisons -- 3.4 Conclusions -- 4 Environmental Aspects and Recycling of Battery Materials -- 4.1 Introduction -- 4.2 Classical Batteries -- 4.3 Summary -- 4.4 Future Perspectives -- 4.5 Future Developments -- 5 Supercapacitors for Short-term, High Power Energy Storage -- 5.1 Introduction -- 5.2 Electrode Materials -- 5.2.1 Carbons -- 5.2.2 Conducting Polymers.
5.2.3 Metal Oxides/Hydroxides -- 5.2.4 Other Metal Compounds -- 5.3 Supercapacitor Devices -- 5.3.1 Symmetric Supercapacitors -- 5.3.2 Asymmetric (Hybrid) Supercapacitors -- 5.4 Conclusions -- 5.4.1 Materials -- 5.4.2 Devices -- 5.5 Outlook -- 5.5.1 The Importance of Materials -- 6 Overview of Superconducting Magnetic Energy Storage Technology -- 6.1 Introduction -- 6.2 The Principle of SMES -- 6.2.1 The Configuration of SMES -- 6.2.2 The Components of SMES -- 6.3 Development Status of SMES -- 6.3.1 SMES with LTc Superconductor -- 6.3.2 SMES with HTc Superconductor -- 6.3.3 Simulation Research about the Application of SMES in a Power Grid -- 6.4 Development Trend of SMES -- 6.4.1 Promising Ways to Develop SMES -- 6.4.2 Promising Applications of SMES -- 6.5 Research Topics for Developing SMES -- 6.5.1 Key Problems Concerned with SMES Components -- 6.5.2 Key Problems Concerned with SMES Operation -- 6.6 Conclusions -- 7 Key Technologies of Superconducting Magnets for SMES -- 7.1 Introduction -- 7.1.1 Key Parameters of SMES Magnets -- 7.1.2 Structures of SMES Magnets -- 7.2 The Development of SMES Magnets -- 7.2.1 LTS SMES -- 7.2.2 HTS SMES -- 7.3 Considerations in the Design of SMES Magnets -- 7.3.1 The Current-carrying Capacity -- 7.3.2 Mechanical Properties -- 7.3.3 AC Loss and the Cooling Design -- 7.3.4 Insulation Design -- 7.3.5 The Optimization Design and the Field-circuit Coupling Design -- 7.4 Current Leads of SMES Magnets -- 7.4.1 Classification of Current Leads -- 7.4.2 The Method of Designing Current Leads -- 7.4.3 Cases of Current Leads -- 7.5 Quench Protection for SMES Magnets -- 7.6 Summary -- 8 Testing Technologies for Developing SMES -- 8.1 Introduction -- 8.2 HTS Tape Property Test Method -- 8.2.1 HTS Tapes Critical Current Measurement -- 8.2.2 AC Loss Measurement of High Temperature Superconducting Tapes.
8.3 Magnet Coils Experimental Methods -- 8.3.1 AC Loss Measurements of the Superconducting Coil -- 8.3.2 SMES Superconducting Magnet's Inductance Measurement -- 8.3.3 SMES Superconducting Magnet's Insulation Measurement -- 8.4 SMES Test -- 8.4.1 Preparation Work -- 8.4.2 Test of the Magnet -- 8.4.3 Test of Power Regulation Characteristic -- 8.4.4 Response Characteristic of an SMES System Test -- 8.5 Conclusions -- 9 Superconducting Wires and Tapes for SMES -- 9.1 Introduction -- 9.2 A Brief Explanation of Superconductivity -- 9.2.1 Zero Resistance and the Messiner Effect -- 9.2.2 Critical Parameters of a Superconductor -- 9.2.3 Type I and Type II Superconductors -- 9.2.4 Flux Motion and AC Loss -- 9.2.5 Stability of Superconducting Wires -- 9.2.6 Key Paramaters for Evaluating a Superconducting Wire -- 9.3 Wires Made from LTc Superconductors -- 9.3.1 NbTi -- 9.3.2 Nb3Sn -- 9.4 Wires or Tapes Made from HTc Superconductors -- 9.4.1 BSCCO-2223/Ag Tapes -- 9.4.2 REBCO Coated Conductors -- 9.4.3 BSCCO-2212 -- 9.4.4 Research on Larger Current HTS Conductors -- 9.4.5 MgB2 -- 9.5 Discussion -- 10 Cryogenic Technology -- 10.1 Introduction -- 10.1.1 Function of Cryogenic for SMES -- 10.1.2 Cool-down Method of Superconducting Magnets -- 10.2 Cryogens -- 10.2.1 Cryogenic Media -- 10.2.2 Helium (He) -- 10.2.3 Nitrogen (N2) -- 10.3 Cryo-cooler -- 10.3.1 Stirling Refrigerator -- 10.3.2 GM Refrigerator -- 10.3.3 Pulse Tube Refrigerator -- 10.3.4 Development Trends -- 10.4 Cryogenic System -- 10.4.1 Cryogenic System of Large-scale Magnet -- 10.4.2 Forced Cooling by Supercritical Helium -- 10.4.3 Conduction-cooled Method -- 10.5 Vacuum Technology -- 10.5.1 Vacuum Pump -- 10.5.2 Measurement of Vacuum -- 10.6 An Evaluation Method for Conduction-cooled SMES Cryogenic Cooling Systems -- 10.6.1 Definition of Factor -- 10.6.2 Evaluation Procedure -- 10.7 Case Study.
10.7.1 Circulating Liquid Helium Cooling System -- 10.7.2 Cryo-cooler-cooled System -- 10.7.3 Cryo-cooler and Liquid-nitrogen/Gas-helium Combined Cooling System -- 11 Control Strategies for Different Application Modes of SMES -- 11.1 Overview of the Control Strategies for SMES Applications -- 11.2 Robust Control for SMES in Coordination with Wind Generators -- 11.2.1 Problem Formulation: Stability Issues Brought by Renewable Sources -- 11.2.2 System Modeling and Analysis -- 11.2.3 Robust Coordinative Control Strategy -- 11.2.4 Simulation, Observations, and Conclusion -- 11.3 Anti-windup Compensation for SMES-Based Power System Damping Controller -- 11.3.1 Major Concern on the Capacity of SMES -- 11.3.2 Problem Formulation -- 11.3.3 Anti-windup Compensation Scheme -- 11.3.4 Simulation Validation -- 11.4 Monitoring and Control Unit of SMES -- 11.4.1 General Functionalities of the MCU for SMES -- 11.4.2 Design and Implementation -- 11.4.3 Laboratory and Field Tests -- 11.5 Conclusion -- Part II Mechanical Energy Storage and Pumped Hydro Energy Storage -- 12 Overview of Pumped Hydro Resource -- 12.1 Pumped Hydro Storage Basic Concepts -- 12.1.1 PHS Schematic Drawing -- 12.1.2 Pumping and Generating Cycles -- 12.1.3 PHS Basic Math. Calculation -- 12.1.4 Sub-types of PHS -- 12.1.5 PHS A Complex and Multidisciplinary Project -- 12.2 Historic Perspective -- 12.2.1 Before and Around 1900 -- 12.2.2 From 1920 to 1960 -- 12.2.3 From 1960 to 2000 -- 12.2.4 After 2000 -- 12.3 Worldwide Installed Base -- 12.4 The Future for PHS -- 13 Pumped Storage Machines - Motor Generators -- 13.1 Synchronous Machine Fixed Speed -- 13.1.1 Operating Principle and Components -- 13.1.2 Excitation System -- 13.1.3 Converters for Grid Connection -- 13.1.4 Power Chart -- 13.1.5 Load Change (P/M/n - Curve) -- 13.1.6 Advantages/Disadvantages.
13.2 Doubly fed Induction Machine Adjustable Speed (DFIM) -- 13.2.1 History -- 13.2.2 Operating Principle and Components -- 13.2.3 Converters for Grid Connection -- 13.2.4 Load Chance (P/M/n - Curve) -- 13.2.5 Advantages/Disadvantages -- 13.2.6 Comparison of Doubly Feed Induction Machine (DFIM) with Fixed Speed Synchronous Machine -- 13.3 Synchronous Machine Adjustable Speed (FFIM) -- 13.3.1 Operating Principle and Components -- 13.3.2 Converters for Grid Connection -- 13.3.3 Advantages/Disadvantages -- 13.3.4 Comparison of DFIM and FFIM -- 14 Pumped Storage Machines - Ternary Units -- 14.1 Ternary Units -- 14.1.1 Introduction -- 14.1.2 System of Pumped Storage Plant with Ternary Units -- 14.1.3 Arrangement and Machine Concepts of Ternary Units -- 14.1.4 Advantages of Ternary Units and Comparison to Pump Turbines -- 14.1.5 Examples of Pumped Storage Plants with Ternary Units -- 15 Hydro-Mechanical Equipment -- 15.1 Steel-lined Pressure Conduits -- 15.1.1 Introduction -- 15.1.2 General Layout of Pumped Storage Pressure Conduits -- 15.1.3 Loading Conditions and Main Analytical Approaches -- 15.1.4 Safety Concepts and Application of Standards -- 15.1.5 Aspects of Material Choice -- 15.2 Typical Control and Shut-Off Devices for Pumped Storage Plants -- 15.2.1 General Arrangement of Control and Shut-Off Devices -- 15.2.2 Gates and their Main Applications -- 15.2.3 Valves and their Main Applications -- 16 Pumped Storage Machines - Hydraulic Short-circuit Operation -- 16.1 Hydraulic Short-circuit Operation -- 16.1.1 Introduction -- 16.1.2 Regulation of Hydro Turbines and Storage Pumps -- 16.1.3 Example of Hydraulic Short-circuit -- 16.1.4 Purpose and Efficiency -- 16.1.5 Different Power Plant Concepts -- 16.1.6 Hydraulic Short-circuit with Ternary Units -- 16.1.7 Hydraulic Short-circuit with Multi-shaft Arrangements -- 16.1.8 Comparison of Concepts.
16.1.9 Implementation Hydraulic Short Circuit in Existing Plants.
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| Record Nr. | UNINA-9910573100803321 |
Info
1402-2021 : IEEE Guide for Physical Security of Electric Power Substations / / Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers
