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Intro -- Preface (Reprinted from the First Edition) -- Reference -- Acknowledgments -- Contents -- Editors and Contributors -- About the Editors -- Contributors -- 1: Essential Components of a Successful Breast Core Needle Biopsy Program: Imaging Modalities, Sampling Techniques, Specimen Processing, Radiologic/Pathologic Correlation, and Appropriate Follow-Up -- Introduction -- Benefits to Patients -- Benefits to Radiologists -- Benefits to Pathologists -- Benefits to Surgeons -- Benefits for Biomedical Research -- Benefits to the Medical Care System -- Breast Imaging Modalities -- Breast Imaging Reporting and Data System (BI-RADS) -- Mammography -- Masses -- Size -- Margin -- Density -- Architectural Distortion -- Focal Asymmetry -- Calcifications -- Reasons for Absent Calcifications -- Ultrasound -- Magnetic Resonance Imaging -- Focus of Enhancement -- Mass-Like Enhancement -- Non-mass Enhancement -- Types of Needle Biopsies -- Needle Size -- Fine Needle Aspiration -- Advantages -- Disadvantages -- Core Needle Biopsies: Non-vacuum-Assisted -- Advantages -- Disadvantages -- Core Needle Biopsies: Vacuum-Assisted -- Advantages -- Disadvantages -- Core Needle Biopsy: Cryobiopsy -- Disadvantages -- Very Large Core Needle Biopsies -- Advantage -- Disadvantages -- "Intact" Biopsies -- Advantages -- Disadvantages -- Tru-Cut Core Needle Biopsies for Palpable Masses -- Clips and Bio-absorbable Carrier Material -- Clips -- Bio-absorbable Carrier Material (BCM) -- Core Needle Biopsy Specimen Processing -- Specimen Requisition Form -- Specimen Preparation in the Radiology Department -- Touch Preparations from Cores -- Specimen Processing in the Pathology Department -- Specimen Processing: Histology -- Procedure-Related Tissue Changes in Core Needle Biopsies -- Radiologic/Pathologic Correlation -- Role of Pathologist -- Role of Radiologist.
Role of a Core Correlation Conference -- Excisions and Mastectomies After Core Needle Biopsies -- Clips -- Causes of Clip Migration -- Localization Devices -- Specimen Radiography of Excisions -- Mastectomies -- Core Sites in Excisions and Mastectomies -- Gross Appearance -- Acute Biopsy Site Changes and Biodegradable Carrier Material (BCM) -- Carcinomas with Indeterminant Size by Pathology -- Effects on Molecular Assays -- Epithelial Displacement -- True Needle Track Seeding by Malignant Cells -- Squamous Cells at Core Sites -- Reactive Spindle Cell Nodule -- Infarction -- Hemorrhage -- Cautery or Freezing Artifact -- Healed Core Needle Biopsy Sites -- Missing Cancers After Core Needle Biopsy -- Complete Removal of Cancer by Core Needle Biopsy -- Neoadjuvant Therapy -- The Surgery Did Not Remove the Cancer -- The Original Core Needle Biopsy Diagnosis Was Incorrect -- The Cancer Was Not Found in the Specimen -- The Specimen Has Been Misidentified -- Recurrent Cancers After Core Needle Biopsy -- Carcinoma at a Prior Core Site Showing Carcinoma -- Carcinoma at the Site of the Needle Track -- Carcinoma at a Prior Core Site Showing Benign Results -- References -- 2: Pattern-Based Evaluation of Breast Core Needle Biopsies -- Introduction -- Pattern-Based Approach to Core Needle Biopsies -- Small Glandular Proliferations -- ER-Positive Small Glandular Proliferations -- ER-Negative (Triple-Negative) Small Glandular Proliferations -- Spindle Cell Proliferations -- Cystically Dominant Lesions of the Breast -- Characteristics of Luminal Secretions and Calcifications in Cystically Dominant Lesions -- References -- 3: Multiples in Core Needle Biopsy Samples -- Introduction -- The Value of H& -- E Levels -- Scenario 1: Seemingly Nondiagnostic Findings on Initial H& -- E Levels -- Scenario 2: Excluding Concomitant Microinvasive Carcinoma.
Scenario 3: Incomplete or Tangential Sections -- Multiple Diagnoses in Core Needle Biopsy Samples -- Multiplex Immunohistochemistry -- References -- 4: Inflammatory, Reactive, and Infectious Conditions of the Breast -- Fat Necrosis -- Overview -- Gross and Radiologic features -- Microscopic Features -- Differential Diagnosis -- Prognosis -- Mammary Duct Ectasia -- Overview -- Gross and Radiologic Features -- Microscopic Features -- Differential Diagnosis -- Immunohistochemistry -- Pathogenesis -- Prognosis -- Granulomatous Lobular Mastitis -- Overview -- Gross and Radiologic Features -- Microscopic Features -- Differential Diagnosis -- Special Histochemical Stains and Methods to Identify Bacteria -- Pathogenesis -- Prognosis -- Sarcoidosis -- Overview -- Gross and Radiologic Features -- Microscopic Features -- Differential Diagnosis -- Prognosis -- Diabetic Mastopathy -- Overview -- Gross and Radiologic Features -- Microscopic and Immunohistochemical Features -- Differential Diagnosis -- Pathogenesis -- Prognosis -- Amyloidosis -- Overview -- Pathogenesis -- Gross and Radiologic Findings -- Microscopic Features -- Differential Diagnosis -- Prognosis -- IgG4-Related Sclerosing Mastitis -- Overview -- Gross and Radiologic Features -- Microscopic Features -- Differential Diagnosis -- Prognosis -- Inflammatory Myofibroblastic Tumor -- Overview -- Gross and Radiologic Features -- Microscopic Features -- Immunohistochemistry -- Differential Diagnosis -- Prognosis -- Abscess and Infectious Conditions of the Breast -- Overview -- Abscess -- Overview -- Radiologic Features -- Microscopic Features -- Differential Diagnosis -- Pathogenesis -- Prognosis -- Other Infectious Conditions -- Bacterial Infections -- Tuberculous Mastitis -- Fungal Infections -- Parasitic Infections -- References.
5: Adenosis, Sclerosing Lesions, Microglandular Adenosis, and Mucocele-Like Lesions -- Adenosis -- Overview -- Clinical, Radiologic, and Gross Features -- Microscopic Features -- Differential Diagnosis -- Immunohistochemical Workup -- Pathogenesis -- Clinical Management and Prognosis -- Apocrine Adenosis -- Radial Scars and Complex Sclerosing Lesions -- Overview -- Clinical, Radiologic, and Gross Features -- Microscopic Features -- Differential Diagnosis -- Immunohistochemical Workup -- Pathogenesis -- Clinical Management and Prognosis -- Microglandular Adenosis -- Overview -- Clinical, Radiologic, and Gross Features -- Microscopic Features -- Differential Diagnosis -- Immunohistochemical Workup -- Pathogenesis -- Clinical Management and Prognosis -- Mucocele-Like Lesions -- Overview -- Clinical, Radiologic, and Gross Features -- Microscopic Features -- Differential Diagnosis -- Immunohistochemical Workup -- Pathogenesis -- Clinical Management and Prognosis -- References -- 6: Papillary and Epithelial-Myoepithelial Tumors -- Papillary Lesions -- Overview -- Intraductal Papilloma -- Overview and Clinical Presentation -- Gross and Radiographic Features -- Microscopic Features -- Differential Diagnosis and Immunohistochemical Features -- Molecular Features of Intraductal Papilloma -- Management of Papilloma in Core Needle Biopsy -- Prognosis -- Papillary Carcinoma -- Overview -- Gross and Radiographic Features -- Microscopic Features -- Subtypes of Papillary Carcinoma: Specific Key Features -- Papillary DCIS -- Encapsulated Papillary Carcinoma -- Solid Papillary Carcinoma -- Invasive Papillary Carcinoma -- Molecular Features of Papillary Carcinoma -- Other Considerations with Core Needle Biopsy -- Epithelial-Myoepithelial Tumors -- Pleomorphic Adenoma -- Overview -- Gross and Radiographic Features -- Microscopic Features and Differential Diagnosis.
Immunohistochemistry -- Molecular Features -- Management in Core Needle Biopsy -- Prognosis -- Adenomyoepithelioma -- Overview -- Gross and Radiographic Features -- Microscopic Features and Differential Diagnosis -- Immunohistochemistry -- Molecular Features -- Management in Core Needle Biopsy -- Malignancy in Adenomyoepithelioma (Adenomyoepithelioma with Carcinoma) -- References -- 7: Fibroepithelial Lesions -- Mammary Hamartoma -- Overview and Clinical Presentation -- Gross and Radiologic Features -- Microscopic Features -- Immunohistochemistry -- Differential Diagnosis -- Pathogenesis and Risk Factors -- Prognosis and Clinical Management -- Fibroadenoma -- Overview and Clinical Presentation -- Gross and Radiologic Features -- Microscopic Features -- Immunohistochemistry -- Differential Diagnosis -- Pathogenesis and Risk Factors -- Molecular Pathology -- Prognosis and Clinical Management -- Risk of Development of Subsequent Carcinoma -- Clinical Management and Outcomes -- Phyllodes Tumor -- Overview and Clinical Presentation -- Gross and Radiologic Features -- Microscopic Features -- Histological Features -- Phyllodes Tumor Grading -- Recurrent and Metastatic Phyllodes Tumors -- Immunohistochemistry -- Differential Diagnosis -- Pathogenesis, Molecular Pathology, and Risk Factors -- Prognosis and Clinical Management -- Local Recurrence -- Metastases and Survival -- Treatment -- References -- 8: Columnar Cell Lesions and Flat Epithelial Atypia -- Overview -- Clinical and Radiographic Features -- Microscopic Features -- Differential Diagnosis -- Immunohistochemical Features -- Pathogenesis -- Management in Core Needle Biopsy -- Prognosis -- References -- 9: Intraductal Proliferations (DCIS, ADH, and UDH) -- Introduction -- Ductal Carcinoma In Situ -- Overview -- Gross and Radiologic Features -- High-Grade DCIS Spectrum -- Low-Grade DCIS Spectrum.
Microscopic Features.
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Biopsy interpretation of the breast / / Stuart J. Schnitt, Laura C. Collins
