Breast cancer, from bench to personalized medicine / / edited by Saima Shakil Malik and Nosheen Masood

• Pubblicazione: Gateway East, Singapore : , : Springer, , [2022]; ©2022
• Descrizione fisica: 1 online resource (534 pages)
• Disciplina: 616.9449
• Soggetto topico: Breast - Cancer - Treatment; Breast - Cancer; Càncer de mama; Terapèutica
• Soggetto genere / forma: Llibres electrònics
• Persona (resp. second.): MalikSaima Shakil; MasoodNosheen
• Nota di bibliografia: Includes bibliographical references and index.
• Nota di contenuto: Intro -- Foreword -- Preface -- Acknowledgment -- Contents -- About the Editors -- Part I: Overview of Breast Cancer -- 1: Epidemiology and Risk Factors of Breast Cancer -- 1.1 Introduction -- 1.1.1 Invasive Ductal Carcinoma -- 1.1.2 Invasive Lobular Carcinoma -- 1.2 Morphological and Molecular Classification of Breast Tumors -- 1.2.1 Morphological Classification -- 1.2.2 Molecular Classification -- 1.3 Global Distribution and Epidemiology of Breast Cancer -- 1.4 Risk Factors Influencing Tumor Behavior -- 1.4.1 Genetic Factors -- 1.4.1.1 BRCA -- 1.4.1.2 PALB2 -- 1.4.1.3 TP53 -- 1.4.1.4 ATM -- 1.4.1.5 CDH1 -- 1.4.1.6 CHEK2 -- 1.4.1.7 STK11 -- 1.4.1.8 NF1 -- 1.4.1.9 NBN -- 1.4.2 Epigenetic Factors -- 1.4.3 Demographic Factors -- 1.4.4 Blood Group -- 1.4.5 Reproductive Factors -- 1.4.5.1 Menarche Age -- 1.4.5.2 Full-Term Pregnancy -- 1.4.5.3 Abortion -- 1.4.5.4 Menstrual Cycle -- 1.4.6 Endocrine Factors -- 1.4.6.1 Contraceptive Methods -- 1.4.6.2 Ovulation-Stimulating Drugs -- 1.4.6.3 Postmenopausal Hormone Therapy -- 1.4.7 Family History -- 1.4.8 Breast Density and Lactation -- 1.4.9 Environmental Factors -- 1.4.9.1 Environmental Factors -- 1.4.9.2 Radiation -- 1.4.9.3 Exposure to Various Chemicals -- 1.4.9.4 Lifestyle Factors -- 1.4.9.5 Body Mass Index (BMI) -- 1.4.9.6 Hyperglycemia -- 1.4.9.7 Alcohol Consumption -- 1.4.9.8 Smoking -- 1.4.9.9 Diet -- 1.4.9.10 Sleep Patterns -- 1.4.9.11 Caffeine -- 1.4.9.12 Physical Activity -- 1.4.9.13 Vitamin D -- 1.4.9.14 Socioeconomic Status -- 1.5 Prevention Strategies and Treatments for Breast Cancer -- 1.6 Conclusion -- References -- 2: Histopathological Characteristics: Breast Cancer Subtypes Depending on Receptor Status, Clinical and Pathological Staging o... -- 2.1 Introduction -- 2.2 Histological Classification of Breast Cancer -- 2.2.1 Invasive Breast Cancer -- 2.2.1.1 Invasive Ductal Carcinoma. ; 2.2.1.1.1 Medullary Breast Carcinoma -- Histological Organization of Medullary Breast Carcinoma -- 2.2.1.1.2 Metaplastic Carcinoma -- Histological Organization of Metaplastic Breast Cancer -- 2.2.1.1.3 Adenoid Cystic Carcinoma -- Histological Organization of Adenoid Cystic Carcinoma of Breast -- 2.2.1.1.4 Mucinous Carcinoma -- Histological Organization of Mucinous Carcinoma -- 2.2.1.1.5 Tubular Carcinoma -- Histological Organization of Tubular Carcinoma -- 2.2.1.1.6 Carcinoma with Papillary Morphology -- Histological Organization of Papillary Carcinoma -- 2.2.1.1.7 Apocrine Carcinoma (Androgen-Receptor Positive and Estrogen-Receptor Negative) -- Histological Organization of Apocrine Carcinoma -- 2.2.1.1.8 Neuroendocrine Carcinoma -- Histological Organization of Neuroendocrine Carcinoma -- 2.2.1.2 Invasive Lobular Carcinoma -- 2.2.1.2.1 Histological Organization of Invasive Lobular Carcinoma. -- 2.3 Conclusion -- References -- 3: Relationship of Breast Cancer with Other Hormone-Sensitive Cancers -- 3.1 Introduction -- 3.2 Role of Hormones in Breast Cancer -- 3.2.1 Tumor-Promoting Effects of Estrogen -- 3.2.2 Tumor-Promoting Effects of Progesterone -- 3.2.3 Melatonin and Hormone-Dependent Breast Cancer -- 3.2.4 Hormonal Contraception and Breast Cancer -- 3.2.5 Menopause Hormone Therapy and Breast Cancer -- 3.3 Relation Between Breast Cancer and Other Hormones Related to Cancer -- 3.3.1 Different Hormones Sensitive Cancers -- 3.3.2 Breast Cancer and Ovarian Cancer -- 3.3.3 Breast Cancer and Endometrial Cancer -- 3.4 Biomarkers in Breast and OHRC -- 3.4.1 N1-Acetylspermidine as a Chemical Biomarker -- 3.4.2 Mucin-1, Urokinase-Type Plasminogen Activator as Protein Biomarker -- 3.4.3 Ki-67 as a Prophetic Marker in Breast Cancer -- 3.4.4 HER2 as a Prophetic Marker in Breast Cancer -- 3.5 Genetics Behind Hormonal Breast Cancer. ; 3.5.1 BRCA1 and BRCA2 Gene Mutation -- 3.5.2 High Menace Gene Mutations in PALB2, PTEN, and TP53 Genes -- 3.5.3 Moderate Menace Gene Mutations in ATM and cdh1genes -- 3.5.4 Less Risk Gene Mutations in CHEK2, NBN, NF1, and STK11 Genes -- 3.6 Conclusion -- References -- 4: Cancer Care and Psychosocial Needs -- 4.1 Introduction -- 4.1.1 Death and Survival Rates -- 4.1.2 Risk Factors -- 4.1.2.1 Inherent Risk Factors -- 4.1.2.2 Environmental Factors -- 4.1.2.3 Behavioral Risk Factors -- 4.2 Living with Cancer -- 4.2.1 Adjusting to Diagnosis and Treatment -- 4.3 Cancer Induced Stressor -- 4.3.1 Psychosocial Stressors -- 4.3.2 Consequences of Stressors -- 4.4 Psychosocial Aspects of Cancer -- 4.4.1 Social Support -- 4.4.2 Communication -- 4.4.3 Management of Psychosocial Aspects -- 4.4.4 Psychotherapy with Cancer Patients -- References -- Part II: Cell and Molecular Biology of Breast Cancer (Diagnosis and Prognosis) -- 5: Implications of BRCA1, BRCA2 Gene in Overall Development and Prognosis of Breast Cancer -- 5.1 Introduction -- 5.1.1 Genes Related to Breast Cancer -- 5.2 Importance of Detection of BRCA Mutations -- 5.3 Pathology of BRCA1 and BRCA2 Associated Breast Cancers -- 5.3.1 BRCA-1 and BRCA-2 Probability Models -- 5.3.2 BOADICEA Model -- 5.3.3 BRCAPRO Model -- 5.3.4 Couch Model -- 5.3.5 Manchester Model -- 5.3.6 Myriad Model -- 5.3.7 Tyrer-Cuzick Model -- 5.4 Implication of BRCA1/2 in Hereditarily Onset of Breast Cancer -- 5.5 Advantages and Disadvantages of Screening and Genetic Testing -- 5.5.1 Advantages of Screening and Genetic Testing -- 5.5.2 Disadvantages of Screening and Genetic Testing -- 5.6 Future Perspective -- References -- 6: Early-Stage Progression of Breast Cancer -- 6.1 Early-Stage Progression of Breast Cancer -- 6.2 Epigenetics in Breast Cancer Progression -- 6.3 Molecular Classification of Breast Cancer. ; 6.4 ERPT Positive Group: Luminal Type -- 6.5 ERNT Negative Group -- 6.5.1 HER2 Enriched Subclass -- 6.5.2 Breast Like -- 6.5.3 Basal Like -- 6.6 Progression of Breast Cancer and Role of Cell Specific Polarity Proteins -- 6.7 Role of High and Low Penetrance Genes -- 6.8 High Penetrance Breast Cancer Genes -- 6.9 BRCA1 and BRCA2 -- 6.9.1 PALB2 -- 6.9.2 TP53 -- 6.9.3 PTEN -- 6.9.4 STK11 -- 6.9.5 CDH1 -- 6.10 Low Penetrance Breast Cancer Genes -- References -- 7: Noninvasive Biomarkers: Emerging Trends in Early Detection of Breast Cancer -- 7.1 Introduction -- 7.2 Types of Noninvasive Biomarkers -- 7.2.1 Blood-Based Biomarker -- 7.2.1.1 Circulating Carcinoma Proteins -- 7.2.1.2 Circulating Tumor Cells -- 7.2.1.3 Circulating Cell-Free Tumor DNA -- 7.2.1.4 Circulating miRNAs -- 7.2.1.5 Extracellular Vesicles -- 7.2.1.6 Other Blood-Based Biomarkers -- 7.2.2 Non-blood-Based Biomarkers -- 7.2.2.1 Tears -- 7.2.2.2 Breath -- 7.2.2.3 Nipple Aspirate Fluid -- 7.2.2.4 Apocrine Sweat -- 7.2.2.5 Urine -- 7.3 Biomarkers Involved in Cancer Progression/Proliferation -- 7.3.1 circRNAs -- 7.3.2 miRNAs -- 7.4 Biomarkers Involved in Cancer Metastasis -- 7.4.1 miRNAs -- 7.4.2 Chemokines -- 7.5 Biomarkers Involved in Cancer Drug Resistance -- 7.5.1 circRNA -- 7.5.2 miRNA -- 7.6 Progress of Breast Cancer Biomarker Research: Limitations, Challenges, and Future Perspective -- 7.7 Conclusion -- References -- 8: Epigenetics Involvement in Breast Cancer -- 8.1 Introduction -- 8.2 Epigenetics and Breast Cancer -- 8.3 Epigenetic Mechanisms in the Breast Cancer -- 8.3.1 DNA Methylation -- 8.3.2 Histone Modifications -- 8.3.3 Non-coding RNAs (ncRNAs) -- 8.4 Epigenetics as a Diagnostic Tool for Breast Cancer -- 8.4.1 DNA Methylation as Potential Diagnostic Biomarker -- 8.4.2 Non-coding RNAs as Potential Diagnostic Biomarker -- 8.5 Epigenetics as Predictive Biomarkers. ; 8.5.1 DNA Methylation as Predictive Markers -- 8.5.2 Histone Modifications as Predictive Biomarkers -- 8.5.3 ncRNAs as Potential Predictive Biomarkers -- 8.6 Epigenetics as Prognostic Markers in Breast Cancer -- 8.6.1 DNA Methylation as a Prognostic Biomarker -- 8.6.2 Histone Modification as a Biomarker -- 8.6.3 Non-coding RNAs as Prognostic Biomarkers -- 8.7 Epigenetics Modifications as Therapeutic Target -- 8.8 Conclusion -- References -- 9: Role of Fibrinolytic Mechanisms in Breast Cancer Diagnosis, Prognosis, and Treatment -- 9.1 Introduction: Fibrinolysis and Fibrinolytic System -- 9.2 Breast Cancer Etiology -- 9.3 Pathologies Associated with Fibrinolytic System in Breast Cancer -- 9.3.1 Breast Cancer Progression and Role of Hemostatic Function -- 9.4 Components of Fibrinolytic System -- 9.4.1 Plasminogen and Plasmin -- 9.4.2 Thrombin -- 9.4.3 Tissue Factors -- 9.5 Fibrinolytic System as Diagnostic Target -- 9.5.1 Prognostic Biomarkers -- 9.5.2 Diagnostic Biomarkers -- 9.6 Fibrinolytic System as Therapeutic Target -- 9.6.1 Inhibitors of Coagulation -- 9.6.2 Transcriptional Repression -- 9.6.3 Small Molecules and Epigenetic Agents -- 9.6.4 Toxin Conjugates -- 9.6.5 Antibodies -- 9.6.6 Peptide Inhibitors -- 9.6.7 Natural and Chemical Products -- 9.6.8 Aptamers -- 9.7 Conclusion and Future Directions -- References -- 10: MicroRNAs and Noncoding RNAs as Gene Regulators and Potential Therapeutic Agents -- 10.1 Introduction -- 10.2 Biogenesis of miRNA -- 10.2.1 Canonical Pathway Aimed at miRNA Biogenesis -- 10.2.2 Non-canonical Pathway Aimed at miRNA Biogenesis -- 10.3 MicroRNAs as a Gene Regulator -- 10.3.1 MicroRNAs Mediated Gene Silencing -- 10.3.2 MicroRNA-Mediated Translational Activation -- 10.4 Significance of Noncoding RNA into the Breast Cancer -- 10.4.1 miRNA and Breast Cancer -- 10.4.1.1 miRNAs Serve as a Tumor Suppressor. ; 10.4.1.1.1 Let-7 Family.
• Titolo autorizzato: Breast Cancer
• ISBN: 981-19-0197-X
• Formato: Materiale a stampa
• Livello bibliografico: Monografia
• Lingua di pubblicazione: Inglese
• Record Nr.: 9910568287503321
• Lo trovi qui: Univ. Federico II