Autore	Broekaert J. A. C. <1948->
Edizione	[2nd completely rev. and extd. ed.]
Pubbl/distr/stampa	Weinheim, : Wiley-VCH, 2005
Descrizione fisica	1 online resource (428 p.)
Disciplina	543.0858 543.52
Soggetto topico	Atomic spectroscopy Flame spectroscopy Plasma spectroscopy
Soggetto genere / forma	Electronic books.
ISBN	1-280-52112-0 9786610521128 3-527-60665-3 3-527-60677-7
Formato	Materiale a stampa
Livello bibliografico	Monografia
Lingua di pubblicazione	eng
Nota di contenuto	Analytical Atomic Spectrometry with Flames and Plasmas; Contents; Preface; Introduction; 1 Basic Principles; 1.1 Atomic structure; 1.2 Plasmas; 1.3 Emission and absorption of radiation; 1.4 Ionization; 1.5 Dissociation; 1.6 Sources for atomic spectrometry; 1.7 Analytical atomic spectrometry; 2 Spectrometric Instrumentation; 2.1 Figures of merit of an analytical method; 2.2 Optical spectrometers; 2.2.1 Optical systems; 2.2.2 Radiation detectors; 2.2.3 Miniaturized spectrometers; 2.2.4 Non-dispersive spectrometers; 2.3 Mass spectrometers; 2.3.1 Types of mass spectrometers; 2.3.2 Ion detection 2.3.3 Ion extraction2.3.4 Ion optics and transmission; 2.4 Data acquisition and treatment; 2.5 Traceability; 3 Sample Introduction Devices; 3.1 Sample introduction by pneumatic nebulization; 3.2 Ultrasonic nebulization; 3.3 Hydride and other volatile species generation; 3.4 Electrothermal vaporization; 3.4.1 The volatilization process; 3.4.2 Types of electrothermal devices; 3.4.3 Temperature programming; 3.4.4 Analytical performance; 3.5 Direct solids sampling; 3.5.1 Thermal methods; 3.5.2 Slurry atomization; 3.5.3 Arc and spark ablation; 3.5.4 Laser ablation; 3.6 Cathodic sputtering 4 Atomic Absorption Spectrometry4.1 Principles; 4.2 Atomic absorption spectrometers; 4.2.1 Spectrometers; 4.2.2 Primary radiation sources; 4.3 Flame atomic absorption; 4.3.1 Flames and burners; 4.3.2 Nebulizers; 4.3.3 Figures of merit; 4.4 Electrothermal atomic absorption; 4.4.1 Atomizers; 4.4.2 Thermochemistry; 4.4.3 Figures of merit; 4.5 Special techniques; 4.5.1 Hydride and cold-vapor techniques; 4.5.2 Direct solids sampling; 4.5.3 Indirect determinations; 4.5.4 Flow injection analysis; 4.5.5 Diode laser atomic absorption spectrometry; 4.6 Background correction procedures 4.6.1 Correction for background absorption with the deuterium lamp technique4.6.2 Background correction with the aid of the Zeeman effect; 4.6.3 Smith-Hieftje technique; 4.6.4 Coherent forward scattering; 4.7 Fields of application; 4.8 Outlook; 5 Optical Emission Spectrometry; 5.1 Principles; 5.2 Atomic emission spectrometers; 5.3 Flame emission; 5.4 Arcs and sparks; 5.4.1 Arc emission spectrometry; 5.4.1.1 Arc characteristics; 5.4.1.2 DC arc spectrometry; 5.4.1.3 AC arc spectrometry; 5.4.2 Spark emission spectrometry; 5.4.2.1 Sparks; 5.4.2.2 Analytical features; 5.5 Plasma source OES 5.5.1 DC plasma-jet OES5.5.1.1 Types of plasma jets; 5.5.1.2 Three-electrode plasma jet; 5.5.2 Inductively coupled plasma OES; 5.5.2.1 The inductively coupled plasma; 5.5.2.2 Instrumentation; 5.5.2.3 Analytical performance; 5.5.2.4 Applications; 5.5.3 Low-power high-frequency plasmas; 5.5.4 Microwave plasmas; 5.6 Glow discharge OES; 5.6.1 Hollow cathodes for OES; 5.6.2 Furnace emission spectrometry; 5.6.3 DC glow discharges with a flat cathode; 5.6.4 RF glow discharges; 5.6.5 New developments; 5.7 Laser sources; 6 Plasma Mass Spectrometry; 6.1 ICP mass spectrometry; 6.1.1 Instrumentation 6.1.2 Analytical features
Record Nr.	UNINA-9910143993603321

Autore	Joosten Heinz-Gerd
Pubbl/distr/stampa	Berlin, [Germany] ; ; Boston, [Massachusetts] : , : De Gruyter, , 2018
Descrizione fisica	1 online resource (318 pages)
Disciplina	543.52
Soggetto topico	Atomic emission spectroscopy
Soggetto genere / forma	Electronic books.
ISBN	3-11-052400-7 3-11-052487-2
Formato	Materiale a stampa
Livello bibliografico	Monografia
Lingua di pubblicazione	ger
Nota di contenuto	Frontmatter -- Vorwort -- Inhalt -- 1. Einleitung -- 2. Grundlagen der Atom-Emissions-Spektrometrie -- 3. Hardware von Funken- und Bogenspektrometern -- 4. Probenahme und Probenvorbereitung -- 5. Analytische Leistungsfähigkeit für die wichtigsten Metalle -- 6. Mobile Spektrometer -- 7. Statistik und Qualitätssicherung -- Index
Record Nr.	UNINA-9910467430003321

Autore	Civiš Svatopluk
Edizione	[1st ed. 2020.]
Pubbl/distr/stampa	Cham : , : Springer International Publishing : , : Imprint : Springer, , 2020
Descrizione fisica	1 online resource (158 pages)
Disciplina	543.52
Collana	Springer Series in Chemical Physics
Soggetto topico	Atomic structure Molecular structure Spectroscopy Microscopy Astronomy Astrophysics Physical chemistry Atomic/Molecular Structure and Spectra Spectroscopy/Spectrometry Spectroscopy and Microscopy Astronomy, Astrophysics and Cosmology Physical Chemistry
ISBN	3-030-47352-X
Formato	Materiale a stampa
Livello bibliografico	Monografia
Lingua di pubblicazione	eng
Nota di contenuto	Chapter 1 - Introduction -- Chapter 2- Experimental setup and spectral analysis -- Chapter 3 - Spectra -- Chapter 4 - Conclusion.
Record Nr.	UNISA-996418179203316

Autore	Palleschi Vincenzo
Pubbl/distr/stampa	Newark : , : John Wiley & Sons, Incorporated, , 2022
Descrizione fisica	1 online resource (381 pages)
Disciplina	543.52
Soggetto genere / forma	Electronic books.
ISBN	1-119-75961-7 1-119-75957-9 1-119-75956-0
Formato	Materiale a stampa
Livello bibliografico	Monografia
Lingua di pubblicazione	eng
Nota di contenuto	Cover -- Title Page -- Copyright Page -- Contents -- List of Contributors -- Preface -- Introduction and Brief Summary of the LIBS Development -- Part I Introduction to LIBS -- Chapter 1 LIBS Fundamentals -- 1.1 Interaction of Laser Beam with Matter -- 1.2 Basics of Laser-Matter Interaction -- 1.3 Processes in Laser-Produced Plasma -- 1.4 Factors Affecting Laser Ablation and Laser-Induced Plasma Formation -- 1.4.1 Influence of Laser Parameters on the Laser-Induced Plasmas -- 1.4.2 Laser Wavelength (λ) -- 1.4.3 Laser Pulse Duration (τ) -- 1.4.4 Laser Energy (E) -- 1.4.5 Influence of Ambient Gas -- 1.5 Plasma Properties and Plasma Emission Spectra -- References -- Chapter 2 LIBS Instrumentations -- 2.1 Basics of LIBS instrumentations -- 2.2 Lasers in LIBS Systems -- 2.3 Desirable Requirements for Atomic Emission Spectrometers/Detectors -- 2.4 Spectrometers -- 2.4.1 Czerny-Turner Optical Configuration -- 2.4.2 Paschen-Runge Design -- 2.4.3 Echelle Spectrometer Configuration -- 2.5 Detectors -- 2.5.1 Photomultiplier Detectors -- 2.5.2 Solid-State Detectors -- 2.5.3 The Interline CCD Detectors -- 2.5.3.1 The Image Intensifier -- References -- Chapter 3 Applications of LIBS -- 3.1 Industrial Applications -- 3.1.1 Metal Industry -- 3.1.2 Energy Production -- 3.2 Biomedical Applications -- 3.3 Geological and Environmental Applications -- 3.4 Cultural Heritage and Archaeology Applications -- 3.5 Other Applications -- References -- Part II Simplications of LIBS Information -- Chapter 4 LIBS Spectral Treatment -- 4.1 Introduction -- 4.2 Baseline Correction -- 4.2.1 Polynomial Algorithm -- 4.2.2 Model-free Algorithm -- 4.2.3 Wavelet Transform Model -- 4.3 Noise Filtering -- 4.3.1 Wavelet Threshold De-noising (WTD) -- 4.3.2 Baseline Correction and Noise Filtering -- 4.4 Overlapping Peak Resolution. 4.4.1 Curve Fitting Method -- 4.4.2 The Wavelet Transform -- 4.5 Features Selection -- 4.5.1 Principal Component Analysis -- 4.5.2 Genetic Algorithm (GA) -- 4.5.3 Wavelet Transformation (WT) -- References -- Chapter 5 Principal Component Analysis -- 5.1 Introduction -- 5.1.1 Laser-Induced Breakdown Spectroscopy (LIBS) -- 5.2 The Principal Component Analysis (PCA) -- 5.3 PCA in Some LIBS Applications -- 5.3.1 Geochemical Applications -- 5.3.2 Food and Feed Applications -- 5.3.3 Microbiological Applications -- 5.3.4 Forensic Applications -- 5.4 Conclusion -- References -- Chapter 6 Time-Dependent Spectral Analysis -- 6.1 Introduction -- 6.2 Time-Dependent LIBS Spectral Analysis -- 6.2.1 Independent Component Analysis -- 6.2.2 3D Boltzmann Plot -- 6.2.2.1 Principles of the Method -- 6.3 Applications -- 6.3.1 3D Boltzmann Plot Coupled with Independent Component Analysis -- 6.3.2 Analysis of a Carbon Plasma by 3D Boltzmann Plot Method -- 6.3.3 Assessment of the LTE Condition Through the 3D Boltzmann Plot Method -- 6.3.4 Evaluation of Self-Absorption -- 6.3.5 Determination of Transition Probabilities -- 6.3.6 3D Boltzmann Plot and Calibration-free Laser-induced Breakdown Spectroscopy -- 6.4 Conclusion -- References -- Part III Classification by LIBS -- Chapter 7 Distance-based Method -- 7.1 Cluster Analysis -- 7.1.1 Introduction -- 7.1.2 Theory -- 7.1.2.1 K-means Clustering -- 7.1.2.2 Hierarchical Clustering -- 7.1.3 Application -- 7.2 Independent Components Analysis -- 7.2.1 Introduction -- 7.2.2 Theory -- 7.2.3 Application -- 7.3 K-Nearest Neighbor -- 7.3.1 Introduction -- 7.3.2 Theory -- 7.3.3 Application -- 7.4 Linear Discriminant Analysis -- 7.4.1 Introduction -- 7.4.2 Theory -- 7.4.2.1 The Calculation Process of LDA .(Two Categories) -- 7.4.3 Application. 7.5 Partial Least Squares Discriminant Analysis -- 7.5.1 Introduction -- 7.5.2 Theory -- 7.5.3 Application -- 7.6 Principal Component Analysis -- 7.6.1 Introduction -- 7.6.2 Theory -- 7.6.3 Application -- 7.7 Soft Independent Modeling of Class Analogy -- 7.7.1 Introduction -- 7.7.2 Theory -- 7.7.3 Application -- 7.8 Conclusion and Expectation -- References -- Chapter 8 Blind Source Separation in LIBS -- 8.1 Introduction -- 8.2 Data Model -- 8.3 Analyzing LIBS Data via Blind Source Separation -- 8.3.1 Second-order BSS -- 8.3.2 Maximum Noise Fraction -- 8.3.3 Independent Component Analysis -- 8.3.4 ICA for Noisy Data -- 8.4 Numerical Examples -- 8.5 Final Remarks -- References -- Chapter 9 Artificial Neural Networks for Classification -- 9.1 Introduction and Scope -- 9.2 Artificial Neural Networks (ANNs) -- 9.3 Cost Functions and Training -- 9.4 Backpropagation -- 9.5 Convolutional Neural Networks -- 9.6 Evaluation and Tuning of ANNs -- 9.7 Regularization -- 9.8 State-of-the-art LIBS Classification Using ANNs -- 9.9 Summary -- Acknowledgments -- References -- Chapter 10 Data Fusion: LIBS + Raman -- 10.1 Introduction -- 10.2 Data Fusion Background -- 10.3 Data Treatment -- 10.4 Working with Images -- 10.4.1 Vectors Concatenation -- 10.4.2 Vectors Co-addition -- 10.4.3 Vectors Outer Sum -- 10.4.4 Vectors Outer Product -- 10.4.5 Data Analysis -- 10.5 Applications -- 10.6 Conclusion -- References -- Part IV Quantitative Analysis -- Chapter 11 Univariate Linear Methods -- 11.1 Standards -- 11.2 Matrix Effect -- 11.3 Normalization -- 11.4 Linear vs Nonlinear Calibration Curves -- 11.5 Figures of Merit of a Calibration Curve -- 11.5.1 Coefficient of Determination -- 11.5.2 Root Mean Squared Error of Calibration -- 11.5.3 Limit of Detection -- 11.6 Inverse Calibration -- 11.7 Conclusion -- References. Chapter 12 Partial Least Squares -- 12.1 Overview -- 12.2 Partial Least Squares Regression Algorithms -- 12.2.1 Nonlinear Iterative PLS -- 12.2.2 SIMPLS Algorithm -- 12.2.3 Kernel Partial Least Squares -- 12.2.4 Locally Weighted Partial Least Squares -- 12.2.5 Dominant Factor-based Partial Least Squares -- 12.3 Partial Least Squares Discriminant Analysis -- 12.4 Results of Partial Least Squares in LIBS -- 12.4.1 Coal Analysis -- 12.4.2 Metal Analysis -- 12.4.3 Rocks, Soils, and Minerals Analysis -- 12.4.4 Organics Analysis -- 12.5 Conclusion -- References -- Chapter 13 Nonlinear Methods -- 13.1 Introduction -- 13.2 Multivariate Nonlinear Algorithms -- 13.2.1 Artificial Neural Networks -- 13.2.1.1 Conventional Artificial Neural Networks -- 13.2.1.2 Convolutional Neural Networks -- 13.2.2 Other Nonlinear Multivariate Approaches -- 13.2.2.1 The Franzini-Leoni Method -- 13.2.2.2 The Kalman Filter Approach -- 13.2.2.3 Calibration-Free Methods -- 13.3 Conclusion -- References -- Chapter 14 Laser Ablation-based Techniques - Data Fusion -- 14.1 Introduction -- 14.2 Data Fusion of Multiple Analytical Techniques -- 14.2.1 Low-level Fusion -- 14.2.2 Mid-level Fusion -- 14.2.3 High-level Fusion -- 14.3 Data Fusion of Laser Ablation-Based Techniques -- 14.3.1 Introduction -- 14.3.2 Classification of Edible Salts -- 14.3.2.1 LIBS and LA-ICP-MS Measurements of the Salt Samples -- 14.3.2.2 Mid-Level Data Fusion of LIBS and LA-ICP-MS of Salt Samples -- 14.3.2.3 PLS-DA Classification Model for Salt Samples -- 14.3.3 Coal Discrimination Analysis -- 14.3.3.1 LIBS and LA-ICP-TOF-MS Measurements of the Coal Samples -- 14.3.3.2 Mid-Level Data Fusion of LIBS and LA-ICP-TOF-MS of Coal Samples -- 14.3.3.3 PCA Combined with K-means Cluster Analysis for Coal Samples -- 14.3.3.4 PLS-DA and SVM for Coal Samples Analysis. 14.4 Comments and Future Developments -- Acknowledgments -- References -- Part V Conclusions -- Chapter 15 Conclusion -- Index -- EULA.
Record Nr.	UNINA-9910623989403321

Autore	Nölte Joachim
Edizione	[1. Aufl.]
Pubbl/distr/stampa	Weinheim, : Wiley-VCH, 2012
Descrizione fisica	1 online resource (212 p.)
Disciplina	543.52
Soggetto topico	Inductively coupled plasma atomic emission spectrometry
Soggetto genere / forma	Electronic books.
ISBN	3-527-64780-5 3-527-64781-3 3-527-64778-3
Formato	Materiale a stampa
Livello bibliografico	Monografia
Lingua di pubblicazione	ger
Nota di contenuto	3.2 Kalibrierfunktion3.3 Die Messwerte sind falsch; 3.4 Die Messwerte schwanken (schlechte Präzision oder Drift); 3.5 Merkwürdige Peaks; 3.6 Hardware; 3.7 Gefahr im Verzug; 3.8 Bekannte Problemfälle; 4 Stichwortverzeichnis
Record Nr.	UNINA-9910133836903321