Nota di contenuto |
Intro -- CONSUMER PRODUCT SAFETY COMMISSION ISSUES -- CONSUMER PRODUCT SAFETY COMMISSION ISSUES -- CONTENTS -- PREFACE -- Chapter 1 BETTER INFORMATION AND PLANNING WOULD STRENGTHEN CPSC'S OVERSIGHT OF IMPORTED PRODUCTS -- WHY GAO DID THIS STUDY -- WHAT GAO RECOMMENDS -- WHAT GAO FOUND -- ABBREVIATIONS -- BACKGROUND -- CPSC Protects Consumers Primarily through Product Safety Standards -- Import Safety Responsibility within CPSC -- CPSC Works Closely with CBP at Ports of Entry -- CPSC'S AUTHORITIES HAVE THE POTENTIAL TO BE EFFECTIVE, BUT IMPLEMENTATION IS LIMITED BY INCOMPLETE INFORMATION ON IMPORTED PRODUCTS AND RESOURCE AND PRACTICAL CONSTRAINTS -- Consensus Exists That CPSC Has Broad Authority over Imported Products, but CPSC's Assessment of Effectiveness Has Been Limited -- Implementation of CPSC's New Authorities to Prevent Entry of Unsafe Products into the United States Has Been Delayed -- CPSC Needs Better Targeting Information to Strengthen Enforcement with CBP at Ports of Entry -- Updated MOU with CBP Would Be Useful as CPSC Develops Its Risk Assessment Methodology -- Better Advance Shipment Data Would Strengthen CPSC's Targeting Efforts -- CPSC's Enforcement of Import Safety Authorities Is Limited by Resource and Practical Constraints -- AUTHORITIES OF SELECT AGENCIES ARE COMPARABLE TO CPSC'S, BUT FDA AND USDA'S BORDER SURVEILLANCE ACTIVITIES AND OVERSEAS PRESENCE PROVIDE USEFUL INFORMATION FOR STRENGTHENING CPSC'S IMPLEMENTATION OF ITS AUTHORITIES -- CPSC's Authorities to Prevent the Entry of Unsafe Products Are Generally Comparable to Those of Other Federal Agencies -- Other Federal Agencies' Border Surveillance and Overseas Activities to Prevent the Entry of Unsafe Products May Be Useful for CPSC to Consider.
INFORMATION SHARING AND COOPERATION AMONG COUNTRIES PROVIDE WAY TO BRIDGE DIFFERENCES AND STRENGTHEN CPSC'S IMPLEMENTATION OF ITS AUTHORITIES, BUT CPSC LACKS A COMPREHENSIVE PLAN TO GUIDE ITS WORK -- While Similarities in Import Safety Authorities and Challenges Exist among Certain Countries, Their Institutional Structures and Implementation Reflect Unique National Approaches -- Engagement among Countries Provides Ways to Address Shared Import Safety Challenges -- CPSC Has Not Developed Long-term Plans for International Activities -- CPSC HAS ESTABLISHED ANNUAL GOALS AND SHORT-TERM PLANS TO PREVENT THE ENTRY OF UNSAFE PRODUCTS, BUT LACKS A LONG-TERM PLAN FOR THE FUTURE -- CPSC Has Established Short-term Plans and Annual Goals for Import Safety -- CPSC Has Recognized the Need for U.S. Consumer Product Safety Policy to Comply with WTO Obligations and International Trade Agreements -- CPSC Lacks a Long-term Plan to Prevent the Entry of Unsafe Products -- CONCLUSIONS -- RECOMMENDATIONS FOR EXECUTIVE ACTION -- AGENCY COMMENTS AND OUR EVALUATION -- APPENDIX I. OBJECTIVES, SCOPE, AND METHODOLOGY -- APPENDIX II. PERSONAL JURISDICTION OVER FOREIGN MANUFACTURERS FOR CPSC ENFORCEMENT PURPOSES -- APPENDIX III. KEY AUTHORITIES OF SELECT FEDERAL AGENCIES -- APPENDIX IV. KEY AUTHORITIES OF SELECTED INTERNATIONAL ENTITIES -- Australia -- Environment for Consumer Product Safety in Australia -- Regulatory Framework/System -- Future Plans -- Canada -- Environment for Consumer Product Safety in Canada -- Regulatory Framework/System -- Future Plans -- European Union -- Environment for Consumer Product Safety in the EU -- Regulatory Framework in the EU -- Japan -- Environment for Consumer Product Safety in Japan -- Regulatory Framework/System -- Future Plans -- China -- Environment for Consumer Product Safety in China -- End Notes.
Chapter 2 CONSUMER PRODUCT SAFETY COMMISSION: CPSIA IMPLEMENTATION -- SUMMARY -- ABOUT THE AGENCY -- CPSIA: MAJOR PROVISIONS -- CONGRESS ACTS TO STRENGTHEN CPSC -- CPSIA IMPLEMENTATION PLAGUED BY CONCERNS AND CONFUSION -- CONGRESSIONAL INVOLVEMENT AND LEGISLATION -- End Notes -- Chapter 3 BETTER DATA COLLECTION AND ASSESSMENT OF CONSUMER INFORMATION EFFORTS COULD HELP PROTECT MINORITY CHILDREN -- WHY GAO DID THIS STUDY -- WHAT GAO RECOMMENDS -- WHAT GAO FOUND -- ABBREVIATIONS -- BACKGROUND -- CPSC Efforts to Inform Consumers about Product Hazards -- Related Department of Health and Human Services Efforts -- Injury and Death Data Sources Used by CPSC -- FEW STUDIES ASSESS RACIAL AND ETHNIC DIFFERENCES IN CHILDREN'S RISK OF DEATH FROM INJURIES RELATED TO CONSUMER PRODUCTS, AND DATA LIMITATIONS CONSTRAIN CPSC ANALYSIS -- Few Studies Assess Racial and Ethnic Differences in Child Death Rates from Injuries Related to Consumer Products -- Drowning -- Suffocation -- Poisoning -- CPSC Has Not Analyzed Racial and Ethnic Differences in Product-Related Injury and Death because of Data Limitations -- NEISS System -- Death Certificates -- CPSC HAS DEVELOPED OR MODIFIED SOME CONSUMER INFORMATION EFFORTS TO REACH SPECIFIC MINORITY POPULATIONS, BUT HAS NOT ASSESSED THE RESULTS OF THESE EFFORTS -- CPSC Has Tailored Some Outreach for Hispanic Communities and Established Relationships to Assist in Reaching Other Minority Populations -- CPSC Has Used Some Consumer Input to Develop Safety Information, but Has Not Assessed Outreach Efforts to Specific Audiences -- CONCLUSIONS -- RECOMMENDATIONS FOR EXECUTIVE ACTION -- AGENCY COMMENTS AND OUR EVALUATION -- APPENDIX I. OBJECTIVES, SCOPE, AND METHODOLOGY -- APPENDIX II. KEY PRACTICES FOR CONSUMER EDUCATION PLANNING -- APPENDIX III. COMMENTS FROM THE DEPARTMENT OF HEALTH AND HUMAN SERVICES -- Related GAO Products.
End Notes -- Chapter 4 CONSUMER PRODUCT SAFETY IMPROVEMENT ACT OF 2008: P.L.110-314 -- SUMMARY -- BACKGROUND -- CURRENT LEGISLATION: P.L. 110-314 -- Children's Product Safety -- Lead Content and Measurement (101) -- Third-Party Testing and Certification of Children's Products (102) -- Tracking Labels for Children's Products (103) -- Standards and Registration Forms for Durable Nursery Products (104) -- Labeling for Certain Toy and Game Advertising (105) -- Adoption of a Mandatory Toy Safety Standard (106) -- Study of Disparities in Injury/Death Rates of Minority Children (107) -- Ban on Specified Phthalates and Certain Alternatives in Certain Children's Products and Child Care Articles (108) -- Strengthening Commission Administration and Resources -- Reauthorization Years and Funding (201) -- Full Commission Funding and Interim Quorum (202) -- Personnel (202(c)) -- Reports to Congress (203) -- Expedited Rulemaking Procedures (204) -- Inspector General Audits and Reports (205) -- Ban on Industry-Sponsored Travel (206) -- Information Sharing with Other Government Agencies (207) -- Employee Training Exchanges (208) -- Repeal of CPSA 30(d) (237) -- Cost-Benefit Analysis under the PPPA (233) -- Enhanced Enforcement and Cooperation -- Prohibition on Stockpiling (213) -- Prohibited Acts (216) -- Penalties (217) -- Enforcement by State Attorneys General (218) -- Whistleblower Protections (219) -- Federal Law Preemption (231) -- Enhanced Inspection, Public Notice, and Recall -- Public Disclosure of Information (211) -- Establishment of a Public Consumer Product Safety Database (212) -- Substantial Product Hazard Reporting Requirement (214(a)(2)) -- Enhanced Public Notice of Substantial Product Hazards -- Enhanced Authority for Corrective Action Plans and Recalls (214) -- Requirements for Recall Notice Content (214(c)).
Identification of Supply Chain (215(b)) -- Financial Responsibility (224) -- Annual Reporting Requirement (209) -- Inspection of Certified Proprietary Laboratories (215(a)) -- Safety of Imported and Exported Products -- Export of Recalled and Nonconforming Products (221) -- Development of Methodology to Identify Unsafe Imports (222) -- Cooperation with U.S. Customs and Border Protection (222(c)) -- Substantial Product Hazard List and Destruction of Unsafe Imports (223) -- Study of CPSC Authority Related to Imported Products (225) -- Miscellaneous Provisions -- Adoption of a Mandatory All-Terrain Vehicles (ATVs) Safety Standard (232) -- Formaldehyde Study (234) -- Expedited Judicial Review -- Definitions -- Pool and Spa Safety Act Technical Corrections -- Provisions Deleted in the Conference Agreement -- End Notes -- Chapter 5 CONSUMER PRODUCT SAFETY IMPROVEMENT ACT (CPSIA): NEW REQUIREMENTS AND EMERGING IMPLEMENTATION ISSUES -- SUMMARY -- INTRODUCTION -- Definition of Consumer Product -- Definition of Children's Product -- CERTIFICATION AND TESTING -- General Conformity Certification -- Children's Product Third-Party Testing and Certification -- Stay of Enforcement of Certification and Testing -- APPLICABILITY OF CERTAIN NEW PRODUCT STANDARDS -- Lead -- Lead-Based Paint Standard and Inventory -- Lead Content/Substrate Standard -- Inventory Manufactured before Effective Date of New Standard -- Statutory Exemptions and Implementing Regulations -- Applicability to Specific Products -- Phthalates -- Inventory Manufactured before Effective Date (Court Ordered Application) -- Standard Concerns Certain Children's Toys and Children's Products -- Applicability to Specific Products -- California Phthalates Ban -- Toy Safety Standard -- IMPLEMENTATION CONCERNS OF SPECIFIC STAKEHOLDERS -- Small Businesses -- Second-hand Resellers.
State Petitions for Exemption from Preemption.
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