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Guideline sentencing : an outline of appellate case law on selected issues / / Federal Judicial Center
| Guideline sentencing : an outline of appellate case law on selected issues / / Federal Judicial Center |
| Pubbl/distr/stampa | [Washington, D.C.] : , : Federal Judicial Center, , -2002 |
| Descrizione fisica | 1 online resource (volumes) |
| Disciplina |
345.73/0772
347.305772 |
| Soggetto topico |
Sentences (Criminal procedure) - United States
Appellate procedure - United States Appellate procedure Sentences (Criminal procedure) |
| Soggetto genere / forma |
Digests.
Periodicals. |
| Formato | Materiale a stampa  |
| Livello bibliografico | Periodico |
| Lingua di pubblicazione | eng |
| Altri titoli varianti | Guideline sentencing |
| Record Nr. | UNINA-9910708087403321 |
| [Washington, D.C.] : , : Federal Judicial Center, , -2002 | ||
| Materiale a stampa | ||
| Lo trovi qui: Univ. Federico II | ||
| ||
Research on sentencing [[electronic resource] ] : the search for reform / / Alfred Blumstein ... [et al.], editors ; Panel on Sentencing Research, Committee on Research on Law Enforcement and the Administration of Justice, Commission on Behavioral and Social Sciences and Education, National Research Council
| Research on sentencing [[electronic resource] ] : the search for reform / / Alfred Blumstein ... [et al.], editors ; Panel on Sentencing Research, Committee on Research on Law Enforcement and the Administration of Justice, Commission on Behavioral and Social Sciences and Education, National Research Council |
| Pubbl/distr/stampa | Washington, D.C., : National Academy Press, 1983- |
| Descrizione fisica | v. <1> |
| Disciplina |
345.73/0772
347.305772 |
| Altri autori (Persone) | BlumsteinAlfred |
| Soggetto topico |
Sentences (Criminal procedure) - United States
Sentences (Criminal procedure) - United States - States |
| Soggetto genere / forma | Electronic books. |
| ISBN |
1-280-24590-5
9786610245901 0-309-56392-5 0-585-19496-3 |
| Formato | Materiale a stampa |
| Livello bibliografico | Monografia |
| Lingua di pubblicazione | eng |
| Record Nr. | UNINA-9910455773303321 |
| Washington, D.C., : National Academy Press, 1983- | ||
| Materiale a stampa | ||
| Lo trovi qui: Univ. Federico II | ||
| ||
Research on sentencing [[electronic resource] ] : the search for reform / / Alfred Blumstein ... [et al.], editors ; Panel on Sentencing Research, Committee on Research on Law Enforcement and the Administration of Justice, Commission on Behavioral and Social Sciences and Education, National Research Council
| Research on sentencing [[electronic resource] ] : the search for reform / / Alfred Blumstein ... [et al.], editors ; Panel on Sentencing Research, Committee on Research on Law Enforcement and the Administration of Justice, Commission on Behavioral and Social Sciences and Education, National Research Council |
| Pubbl/distr/stampa | Washington, D.C., : National Academy Press, 1983- |
| Descrizione fisica | v. <1> |
| Disciplina |
345.73/0772
347.305772 |
| Altri autori (Persone) | BlumsteinAlfred |
| Soggetto topico |
Sentences (Criminal procedure) - United States
Sentences (Criminal procedure) - United States - States |
| ISBN |
1-280-24590-5
9786610245901 0-309-56392-5 0-585-19496-3 |
| Formato | Materiale a stampa |
| Livello bibliografico | Monografia |
| Lingua di pubblicazione | eng |
| Record Nr. | UNINA-9910778682103321 |
| Washington, D.C., : National Academy Press, 1983- | ||
| Materiale a stampa | ||
| Lo trovi qui: Univ. Federico II | ||
| ||
Research on sentencing [[electronic resource] ] . Volume II : the search for reform / / Alfred Blumstein ... [et al.], editors ; Panel on Sentencing Research, Committee on Research on Law Enforcement and the Administration of Justice, Commission on Behavioral and Social Sciences and Education, National Research Council
| Research on sentencing [[electronic resource] ] . Volume II : the search for reform / / Alfred Blumstein ... [et al.], editors ; Panel on Sentencing Research, Committee on Research on Law Enforcement and the Administration of Justice, Commission on Behavioral and Social Sciences and Education, National Research Council |
| Pubbl/distr/stampa | Washington, D.C., : National Academy Press, 1983- |
| Descrizione fisica | 1 online resource |
| Disciplina |
345.73/0772
347.305772 |
| Altri autori (Persone) | BlumsteinAlfred |
| Soggetto topico |
Sentences (Criminal procedure) - United States
Sentences (Criminal procedure) - United States - States |
| ISBN |
1-280-24594-8
9786610245949 0-309-56785-8 0-585-18217-5 |
| Formato | Materiale a stampa |
| Livello bibliografico | Monografia |
| Lingua di pubblicazione | eng |
| Record Nr. | UNINA-9910778683103321 |
| Washington, D.C., : National Academy Press, 1983- | ||
| Materiale a stampa | ||
| Lo trovi qui: Univ. Federico II | ||
| ||
Research on sentencing : the search for reform / / Alfred Blumstein ... [et al.], editors ; Panel on Sentencing Research, Committee on Research on Law Enforcement and the Administration of Justice, Commission on Behavioral and Social Sciences and Education, National Research Council
| Research on sentencing : the search for reform / / Alfred Blumstein ... [et al.], editors ; Panel on Sentencing Research, Committee on Research on Law Enforcement and the Administration of Justice, Commission on Behavioral and Social Sciences and Education, National Research Council |
| Edizione | [1st ed.] |
| Pubbl/distr/stampa | Washington, D.C., : National Academy Press, 1983- |
| Descrizione fisica | v. <1> |
| Disciplina |
345.73/0772
347.305772 |
| Altri autori (Persone) | BlumsteinAlfred |
| Soggetto topico |
Sentences (Criminal procedure) - United States
Sentences (Criminal procedure) - United States - States |
| ISBN |
1-280-24590-5
9786610245901 0-309-56392-5 0-585-19496-3 |
| Formato | Materiale a stampa |
| Livello bibliografico | Monografia |
| Lingua di pubblicazione | eng |
| Nota di contenuto |
Research on Sentencing: The Search for Reform -- Copyright -- Contents -- Preface -- Summary -- INTRODUCTION -- BACKGROUND -- The Sentencing Reform Movement -- Goals of Sentencing -- SCOPE OF THE STUDY -- DETERMINANTS OF SENTENCES -- INTRODUCTION: DISCRIMINATION AND DISPARITY -- THE RANGE OF VARIABLES CONSIDERED AND THEIR EXPLANATORY POWER -- THE PRIMARY DETERMINANTS OF SENTENCES -- DISCRIMINATION BY RACE -- Prison Populations -- The Sentencing Process -- DISCRIMINATION BY SOCIOECONOMIC STATUS -- DISCRIMINATION BY SEX -- CASE-PROCESSING VARIABLES -- DISPARITY -- STRUCTURING SENTENCING DECISIONS -- POLICY AND TECHNICAL CHOICES -- DEVELOPING, IMPLEMENTING, AND ENFORCING NEW SENTENCING POLICIES -- ASSESSMENT OF THE EFFECTS OF NEW SENTENCING POLICIES -- THE RESULTS OF REFORMS -- THE METHODOLOGY OF IMPACT STUDIES -- SENTENCING POLICIES AND PRISON POPULATIONS -- RESEARCH AGENDA -- SENTENCING PRACTICE AND BEHAVIOR -- ESTIMATING THE EFFECTS OF CHANGES IN SENTENCING POLICY -- NATURAL EXPERIMENTS TO STUDY THE EFFECTS OF SENTENCING CHANGES -- 1 Introduction: Sentencing Practices and the Sentencing Reform Movement -- THE PROCESSES THAT CONSTITUTE SENTENCING -- VICTIMS AND WITNESSES -- POLICE -- PROSECUTORS -- JUDGES -- PAROLE BOARDS -- CORRECTIONS ADMINISTRATORS -- EXECUTIVE CLEMENCY: COMMUTATIONS AND PARDONS -- LEGISLATURES -- THE SYSTEM AS A WHOLE -- THE GOALS OF CRIMINAL SANCTIONS -- NORMATIVE GOALS -- FUNCTIONAL GOALS -- AMERICAN SENTENCING IN COMPARATIVE AND HISTORICAL PERSPECTIVE -- CONTEMPORARY AMERICAN SENTENCING -- Prosecutors -- Parole Boards -- Trial Judges -- EUROPEAN SENTENCING SYSTEMS -- Plea Bargaining -- Parole -- Appellate Sentence Review -- THE DEVLOPMENT OF AMERICAN SENTENCING STRUCTURES AND EFFORTS TO REFORM THEM -- Colonial America -- 1790-1820: Reform of the Law -- 1820-1900: Emphasis on Prisons -- 1900-1970: The Rehabilitative Model.
THE CURRENT SENTENCING REFORM MOVEMENT -- Prison Uprisings and the Civil Rights Movement -- The Philosophy of Rights and Control of Discretion -- Demand for Accountability -- Rejection of Rehabilitation -- Disparity and Discrimination -- Crime Control -- The Role of Social Science Research in Sentencing Changes -- SCOPE OF THIS REPORT -- 2 Determinants of Sentences -- ISSUES -- THE RANGE OF VARIABLES CONSIDERED AS DETERMINANTS OF SENTENCES -- DISCRIMINATION AND DISPARITY -- Discrimination -- Disparity -- ALTERNATE METHODOLOGICAL APPROACHES TO ANALYSES OF SENTENCING -- Observation and Interviews -- Experiments -- Statistical and Combined Approaches -- FINDINGS -- METHODOLOGICAL CONCERNS -- THE PRIMARY DETERMINANTS OF SENTENCES -- Offense Seriousness -- Offender's Prior Record -- Methodological Issues -- DISCRIMINATION BY RACE -- Prison Populations -- Studies of Sentencing -- Measurement Errors and Their Consequences -- DISCRIMINATION BY SOCIOECONOMIC STATUS -- DISCRIMINATION BY SEX -- CASE-PROCESSING VARIABLES -- DISPARITY -- CONCLUSION -- 3 Structuring Sentencing Decisions -- THE VARIETY OF INNOVATIONS -- THE RETREAT FROM INDETERMINACY -- CLASSIFICATION OF OFFENSES -- REASONS REQUIREMENTS AND PRESUMPTIONS -- SENTENCING INSTITUTES -- SENTENCING COUNCILS -- ABOLITION OR REGULATION OF PLEA NEGOTIATION -- MANDATORY MINIMUM SENTENCES -- STATUTORY DETERMINATE SENTENCING LAWS (ABOLITION OF PAROLE) -- PRESUMPTIVE/PRESCRIPTIVE SENTENCING GUIDELINES AND SENTENCING COMMISSIONS -- VOLUNTARY/DESCRIPTIVE SENTENCING GUIDELINES -- PAROLE GUIDELINES -- APPELLATE SENTENCE REVIEW -- DEVELOPING GUIDELINES: MODELING AND DATA ISSUES -- MODELING PAST PRACTICE -- USING EMPIRICAL DATA -- DATA DEFINITION -- Data Collection -- Sample Design -- DEVELOPING GUIDELINES: POLICY AND TECHNICAL CHOICES -- UNAVOIDABLE POLICY CHOICES -- The Guidelines Offense -- Guilty-Plea Discounts. Social Variables -- Urban/Rural Differences -- Comment -- PRACTICAL ISSUES IN STRUCTURING SENTENCING DISCRETION -- Approaches for Formatting and Presenting Sentencing Standards -- Organizing Principles of Guidelines Matrices -- Linking Offender Score to Current Offense -- Specificity of Sentencing Standards -- Philosophical Implications -- THE PROCESSES OF DEVELOPING, IMPLEMENTING, AND ENFORCING NEW SENTENCING STANDARDS -- DEVELOPMENT PROCESSES AND IMPLEMENTATION -- ENFORCEMENT -- Legal Authority -- Review Mechanisms -- 4 Sentencing Reforms and Their Effects -- COMPLIANCE WITH SENTENCING REFORMS -- ABOLITION OF PLEA BARGAINING -- MANDATORY SENTENCING LAWS -- DETERMINATE SENTENCING IN CALIFORNIA -- SENTENCING GUIDELINES -- PAROLE REFORMS -- Parole Abolition -- Parole Guidelines -- ADAPTIVE RESPONSES TO SENTENCING REFORMS -- ADAPTATIONS TO PLEA-BARGAINING BANS -- Alaska -- "Hampton" County -- Wayne County, Michigan -- MANDATORY SENTENCING LAWS -- CALIFORNIA'S DETERMINATE SENTENCING LAW -- Charging -- Plea Bargaining -- SENTENCING GUIDELINES -- PAROLE GUIDELINES -- THE USE AND SEVERITY OF SANCTIONS -- PLEA-BARGAINING BANS -- MANDATORY MINIMUM SENTENCING LAWS -- CALIFORNIA'S DETERMINATE SENTENCING LAW -- Trends in Prison Use -- Factors Contributing to Increased Prison Use -- Impact on Length and Disparity of Prison Terms -- SENTENCING GUIDELINES -- PAROLE GUIDELINES -- Departure Rates -- Changes in Disparity and Severity -- CONCLUSIONS -- SUBSTANTIVE FINDINGS -- Formal Compliance -- Adaptive Responses -- Sentencing Outcomes, Disparity, and Marginal Cases -- METHODOLOGICAL CONCERNS -- The Need for Extended Observation Periods -- The Need for Outcome Measures at All Levels of Case Processing -- The Need for Adequate Controls for Changes in Case Attributes -- The Need for Qualitative Analysis of System Functioning. 5 Sentencing Policies and Their Impact on Prison Populations -- CHANGES IN PRISON POPULATIONS AND THEIR IMPLICATIONS -- INCREASES IN PRISON POPULATIONS -- PRISON CAPACITY AND CONDITIONS OF CONFINEMENT -- Inmate Health and Behavior -- Determinate Sentencing and Institutional Programs -- Inmate Misconduct, Disciplinary Procedures, and Determinate Sentencing -- PROJECTION OF PRISON POPULATIONS: NEED, TECHNOLOGY, AND USES -- NEED FOR PROJECTIONS OF PRISON POPULATIONS -- PROJECTION METHODS: THEIR USES AND SHORTCOMINGS -- Naive Projections Using the Existing Situation as a Baseline -- Extrapolations of Time-Series Data -- Use of Predictor Variables -- Projections Based on Demographic-Specific Incarceration Rates -- Disaggregated Flow Models -- Microsimulation Models -- ESTIMATING THE EFFECTS OF SENTENCING POLICY CHANGES ON PRISON POPULATIONS -- ALTERNATIVE STRATEGIES FOR HANDLING INCREASING PRISON POPULATIONS -- INCREASING PRISON CAPACITY: THE POPULATION-CONSTRUCTION NEXUS -- ALTERNATIVES TO INCARCERATION -- MECHANISMS TO CONTROL INFLOW AND RELEASE OF PRISONERS -- IMPACT OF ALTERNATIVE STRATEGIES -- 6 Research Agenda for the Study of Sentencing -- GENERAL RESEARCH STRATEGY -- A BALANCED PROGRAM -- CAPITALIZING ON NATURAL EXPERIMENTS: THE IMPORTANCE OF TIMING -- DATA NEEDS -- DIVERSIFYING RESEARCH APPROACHES -- DETERMINANTS OF SENTENCES -- DISCRIMINATION -- CASE-PROCESSING VARIABLES -- DISPARITY -- PUBLIC OPINION -- RESEARCH APPROACHES -- STRUCTURING SENTENCING DECISIONS -- PREDICTION RESEARCH AND SELECTIVE INCAPACITATION -- APPELLATE REVIEW -- IMPLEMENTATION OF NEW POLICIES -- EFFECTS OF SENTENCING REFORMS -- SENTENCING POLICY AND PRISONS -- References -- APPENDIX A Participants, Conference on Sentencing Research -- APPENDIX B Biographical Sketches, Panel Members and Staff. |
| Record Nr. | UNINA-9910811953903321 |
| Washington, D.C., : National Academy Press, 1983- | ||
| Materiale a stampa | ||
| Lo trovi qui: Univ. Federico II | ||
| ||
Research on sentencing [[electronic resource] ] . Volume II : the search for reform / / Alfred Blumstein ... [et al.], editors ; Panel on Sentencing Research, Committee on Research on Law Enforcement and the Administration of Justice, Commission on Behavioral and Social Sciences and Education, National Research Council
| Research on sentencing [[electronic resource] ] . Volume II : the search for reform / / Alfred Blumstein ... [et al.], editors ; Panel on Sentencing Research, Committee on Research on Law Enforcement and the Administration of Justice, Commission on Behavioral and Social Sciences and Education, National Research Council |
| Edizione | [1st ed.] |
| Pubbl/distr/stampa | Washington, D.C., : National Academy Press, 1983- |
| Descrizione fisica | 1 online resource |
| Disciplina |
345.73/0772
347.305772 |
| Altri autori (Persone) | BlumsteinAlfred |
| Soggetto topico |
Sentences (Criminal procedure) - United States
Sentences (Criminal procedure) - United States - States |
| ISBN |
1-280-24594-8
9786610245949 0-309-56785-8 0-585-18217-5 |
| Formato | Materiale a stampa |
| Livello bibliografico | Monografia |
| Lingua di pubblicazione | eng |
| Nota di contenuto |
Research on Sentencing -- Copyright -- Contents -- Preface -- 1-Making Sense of Sentencing-A Review and Critique of Sentencing Research -- TWO INCIPIENT THEORIES OF SENTENCING -- DEFINITIONAL PROBLEMS IN SENTENCING RESEARCH -- METHODOLOGICAL PROBLEMS IN SENTENCING RESEARCH -- Alternative Measures of Sentence Severity -- Sampling Problems -- Measurement of Legitimized Influences on Criminal Sentencing -- Measurement of Nonlegitimized Influences on Sentencing -- Measurement of Contextual Effects -- THE PROBLEM OF CUMULATION -- RACE AND SENTENCING -- Clarke and Koch (1977) -- Gibson (1978) -- Hagan and Bernstein (1979) -- Kelly (1976) -- LaFree (1980) -- Lizotte (1978) -- Myers (1979) -- Pope (1975) -- Thomson and Zingraff (1981) -- Unnever, Frazier, and Henretta (1980) -- DISCUSSION AND CONCLUSIONS -- REFERENCES -- 2-Discrimination in the Criminal Justice System-A Critical Appraisal of the Literature -- INTRODUCTION -- (1) The Absence of Formal Models of Processing Decisions in the Criminal Justice System -- (2) Sample Selection Biases Resulting from Screening and Processing Decisions -- (3) Use of Arbitrary Scales to Measure Qualitatively Different Dispositions -- ORGANIZATION OF THE PAPER -- THE ANALYSIS OF BINARY VARIABLES -- SELECTION -- Selection Bias -- Selection Bias at Different Processing Stages of the Criminal Justice System -- Procedures to Deal with Selection Bias -- A MODEL OF THE CRIMINAL JUSTICE SYSTEM -- Background Discussion of the Model -- Trial and Sentencing -- Plea Bargaining -- The Decision to Charge -- The Model of the Decision to Prosecute, Plea Bargaining, and Conviction and Sentencing -- REVIEW OF SELECTED STUDIES -- Sample Selection Bias -- Mixing Guilty Pleas and Trial Convictions -- Mixing Outcomes -- GENERALIZED MODELS OF SENTENCING -- Two Models of Sentencing Decisions -- Latent Variable Model of Sentencing.
An Alternative Model of the Sentencing Decision -- Modeling Indeterminate Sentences -- EXPERIMENTS IN SENTENCING RESEARCH -- CONCLUSIONS -- Appendix -- NOTES -- REFERENCES -- 3-The Role of Extralegal Factors in Determining Criminal Case Disposition -- INTRODUCTION -- EMPIRICAL STUDIES OF DISCRIMINATION IN THE CRIMINAL JUSTICE SYSTEM -- Case Disposition and Sentencing Studies -- (1) Seriousness of the Offense -- (2) Prior Record -- (3) Type of Legal Representation -- (4) Release on Bail -- (5) Type of Conviction -- (6) Miscellaneous Factors -- (7) Discriminatory or Extralegal Factors -- The Conviction Process -- The Plea Decision -- Release on Bail -- Setting of Bail -- Choice of Legal Representation -- The Charge Decision -- The Decision to Prosecute -- Summary of the Major Findings -- BIASES INDUCED BY MEASUREMENT ERROR AND OMITTED VARIABLES -- The Statistical Consequences of Failing to Control Adequately for the Primary Determinants -- Correlations Between the Primary Determinants and Extralegal Variables -- Alternative Interpretations of Results Reported in the Literature -- Future Research Directions -- AN ILLUSTRATIVE STRUCTURAL MODEL OF CRIMINAL CASE DISPOSITIONS -- ESTIMABILITY OF THE PARAMETERS OF THE ILLUSTRATIVE STRUCTURAL MODEL -- HOW THE ILLUSTRATIVE STRUCTURAL MODEL ALLOWS DISENTANGLING THE VARIOUS SOURCES OF RACE-OUTCOME CORRELATIONS: A HEURISTIC… -- IDENTIFICATION IN LATENT VARIABLE MODELS WITH SAMPLE SELECTION -- ADDITIONAL SPECIFICATION ISSUES -- CONCLUDING REMARKS -- NOTES -- REFERENCES -- 4-Empirically Based Sentencing Guidelines and Ethical Considerations -- INTRODUCTION -- THE SIMPLEST CASE: NO ETHICALLY IRRELEVANT VARIABLES -- THE PRESENCE OF A SINGLE ETHICALLY IRRELEVANT VARIABLE: THE LINEAR CASE -- NONLINEARITIES AND MORE THAN ONE ETHICALLY IRRELEVANT VARIABLE -- CONCLUSION -- NOTES. 5-The Construction of Sentencing Guidelines-A Methodological Critique -- INTRODUCTION -- THE CONCEPT OF DECISION-MAKING GUIDELINES -- (1) Ranges Rather than Points -- (2) Nonmandatory Ranges -- THE DESCRIPTION OF PAST SENTENCING PRACTICE -- PROBLEMS OF MODEL DEVELOPMENT -- Step (1) -- Step (2) -- Step (3) -- How Many Models? -- What Variables Should Be Included? -- FROM MODELS TO GUIDELINES -- The Decision to Incarcerate -- Widths of Prescribed "Normal" Ranges -- ASSESSING THE STRUCTURE AND IMPACT OF GUIDELINES -- CONCLUSIONS -- NOTES -- REFERENCES -- 6-The Politics of Sentencing Reform-Sentencing Guidelines in Pennsylvania and Minnesota -- DISPARITY, SEVERITY, AND THE DISTRIBUTION OF AUTHORITY: CENTRAL ISSUES IN SENTENCING REFORM -- LEGISLATIVE POLITICS AND SENTENCING REFORM -- Minnesota -- Pennsylvania -- THE STATUTES AND THE MANDATES OF THE COMMISSIONS -- INTERPRETING THE MANDATES AND CREATING GUIDELINES -- Membership, Leadership, and Staff -- The Guidelines: Construction Process and Their Content -- Key Elements in Designing the Guidelines -- Minnesota -- Pennsylvania -- THE POLITICS OF GUIDELINE DEVELOPMENT: THE ROLE OF INTEREST GROUPS -- CONCLUSION -- NOTES -- REFERENCES -- 7-Sentencing Reforms and Their Impacts -- INTRODUCTION -- Impacts Considered -- Innovations Considered -- ABOLITION OF PLEA BARGAINING -- Plea Bargaining Ban in Alaska -- Prosecutorial Involvement in Sentence Bargaining -- Charge Bargaining and Other Circumvention -- Consequences of the Ban on Case Processing -- Screening -- Dismissals of Cases -- Method of Disposition -- Sanctions Policies -- Disposition Time -- Conclusion -- Participants' Reactions -- Was the Ban a Good Thing? -- Implications of the Alaska Experience -- The "Hampton" County Charge Bargaining Ban -- Screening -- Dismissals -- Sanctions -- Practitioners' Reactions -- Conclusion -- Michigan -- Dispositions. Adaptive Responses -- MANDATORY SENTENCING LAWS -- Michigan -- Arrest and Case Screening -- Dismissal and Conviction Rates -- Sanctioning Rates -- Trial Rates -- Massachusetts -- Arrests and Prosecutorial Screening -- Dismissal and Conviction -- Sanctions and Delay -- New York -- Dismissal -- Incarceration Rates -- Severity of Prison Sentences -- Trial Rates -- Delays in Court -- Conclusion -- DETERMINATE SENTENCING IN CALIFORNIA -- Description of the California Uniform Determinate Sentencing Law -- Formal Compliance With DSL -- Selection of Base Terms -- Enhancements -- Probation Ineligibility -- Charging -- Plea Bargaining After DSL -- Patterns and Trends in Plea Bargaining -- Guilty Plea Rates -- Timing of Guilty Pleas -- Variations in Plea Bargaining Practices -- Impact on Prison Use -- Trends in Prison Use -- Factors Contributing to Increased Prison Use -- Changes in Probation Subsidies -- Changes in Case Filtering -- Demographic Changes -- Increases in Punitiveness -- Impact on Length of Terms -- Length of Prison Terms -- Variability in Prison Terms -- Implications for the Size of the Prison Population -- Conclusions -- SENTENCING GUIDELINES -- Guideline Types -- Formal Compliance -- Voluntary/Descriptive Guidelines -- Presumptive/Prescriptive Guidelines -- Variability in Sentences -- Case Processing -- Prison Use -- Conclusion -- PAROLE REFORMS -- Parole Abolition -- Parole Guidelines -- Severity -- Accuracy -- Variability -- Disparity Reduction -- CONCLUSION -- Substantive Findings -- Procedural Compliance -- Adaptive Responses -- Marginal Cases -- Methodological Concerns -- The Necessity for Extended Observation Periods -- The Necessity for Outcome Measures at All Levels of Case Processing -- The Necessity for Adequate Controls for Changes in Case Attributes -- The Necessity for Qualitative Analysis of System Functioning -- NOTES. REFERENCES -- 8-The Impact of Changes in Sentencing Policy on Prison Populations -- THE NEED FOR ESTIMATES -- PROJECTION OF FUTURE PRISON POPULATIONS AS A BASELINE FOR THE IMPACT ESTIMATE -- Naive Projection-Current Situation as a Baseline -- Extrapolation of the Time Series of Prison Populations -- Multivariate Regression -- Projections Based on Demographic-Specific Incarceration Rates -- Disaggregated Flow Models -- Microsimulation Models -- IMPACT ESTIMATION -- Identification of Population Subsets -- Establishment of Values of Policy Variables -- Behavioral Response to the New Policy -- Calculation of the Effects of the Sentencing Policy Change -- Estimation of the Impact of a Mandatory Minimum Sentencing Bill -- SUMMARY AND FURTHER RESEARCH NEEDS -- NOTES -- REFERENCES. |
| Record Nr. | UNINA-9910829114403321 |
| Washington, D.C., : National Academy Press, 1983- | ||
| Materiale a stampa | ||
| Lo trovi qui: Univ. Federico II | ||
| ||