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Intro -- Preface -- Contents -- About the Author -- Abbreviations -- Chapter 1: Enactment, Scope of Application, and Enforcement of the Cartel Act -- 1.1 Introduction -- 1.2 Context of the Enactment of the Cartel Act in 1995 -- 1.3 Scope of Application -- 1.3.1 Application to Undertakings -- 1.3.2 Territorial Jurisdiction and Extra-territorial Application of the Cartel Act -- 1.3.3 Interface with Other Regulation -- 1.4 Choice Between Public and Private Enforcement -- 1.5 Public Enforcement of the Cartel Act -- 1.5.1 Enforcement by the Swiss Competition Authority -- 1.5.1.1 The Competition Commission -- 1.5.1.2 The Secretariat of the Competition Commission -- 1.5.2 Exclusive Public Enforcement in Merger Control -- 1.5.3 Duty to Provide Information -- 1.5.4 Preliminary Investigation of Restraints of Competition -- 1.5.5 In-depth Investigation of Restraints of Competition -- 1.5.6 Inspections, Searches and Seizure of Documents -- 1.5.7 Questioning of Witnesses and Parties -- 1.5.8 Draft Decision of the Secretariat -- 1.5.9 Hearings -- 1.5.10 Interim Measures -- 1.5.11 Prohibition Order, Sanctions and Measures -- 1.5.12 Investigative Measures in International Agreements -- 1.6 Private Enforcement by Civil Courts -- 1.6.1 Competent Courts and Procedure -- 1.6.2 Actions for Restrictions of Competition -- 1.6.3 Follow-on Actions -- 1.6.4 Opinion of the COMCO -- 1.6.5 Interim Measures -- 1.6.6 Nullity of Unlawful Agreements -- 1.6.7 Private International Law -- 1.7 Exceptional Authorisation by the Federal Council -- List of Documents -- References -- Chapter 2: Agreements -- 2.1 Introduction -- 2.2 Agreements Within the Meaning of Article 4(1) CartA -- 2.2.1 Agreements Between Independent Undertakings -- 2.2.1.1 Group Companies -- 2.2.1.2 Agency Relationship -- 2.2.2 Form of Agreements -- 2.2.2.1 Agreements as a Collective Action.
2.2.2.2 Agreements in the Form of Conventions -- 2.2.2.3 Concerted Practices -- 2.2.2.4 Decisions of Association of Undertakings -- 2.2.2.5 Global or Lasting Agreements -- 2.2.2.6 Rules on Evidence and Standard of Proof -- 2.2.3 Object or Effect Under Article 4(1) CartA -- 2.3 Restriction of Competition Under Article 5(1) CartA -- 2.3.1 Trivial Restrictions or `Cas Bagatelle´ -- 2.3.2 Situations Covered Only by Article 5(1) CartA -- 2.3.2.1 Qualitative and Quantitative Criteria to Assess Restrictions of Competition Under Article 5(1) CartA -- 2.3.2.2 Justification on Grounds of Economic Efficiency -- 2.3.2.3 Elimination of Competition and No Justification on Grounds of Economic Efficiency -- 2.4 Presumptions of Articles 5 (3) and (4) CartA -- 2.4.1 Reversal of the Presumption -- 2.4.1.1 Significant Restriction of Competition Under Article 5(1) CartA -- 2.4.1.2 Justification on Grounds of Economic Efficiency -- 2.4.1.3 Automatic, but Lower Fines -- 2.4.2 Elimination of Competition -- List of Documents -- References -- Chapter 3: Horizontal Agreements -- 3.1 Introduction -- 3.2 Price Fixing -- 3.3 Quantity Restriction -- 3.4 Market Sharing and Customer Allocation -- 3.5 Bid Rigging and Consortia in the Construction Industry -- 3.5.1 Bid Rigging -- 3.5.2 Consortia -- 3.6 Exchange of Information and Calculation Schemes -- 3.6.1 Information Exchange -- 3.6.2 Calculation Schemes -- 3.7 Non-competes in a Joint Production Company -- 3.8 Interlocking Directorates -- 3.9 Homologation and Sponsorship Agreements on Sport Products -- List of Documents -- Chapter 4: Distribution Agreements and Vertical Restraints -- 4.1 Vertical Agreements -- 4.1.1 Unilateral Conduct -- 4.1.2 Intra-Group Agreements -- 4.1.3 Agency Agreements -- 4.2 Analytical Framework -- 4.2.1 Severe Restrictions Covered by Article 5(4) CartA.
4.2.2 Severe Restrictions from a Qualitative Standpoint Not Covered by Article 5(4) CartA -- 4.2.3 Other Significant Restrictions of Competition -- 4.2.4 Justification on Grounds of Economic Efficiency -- 4.3 Assessment of Most Common Restrictions -- 4.3.1 Price Restrictions -- 4.3.1.1 Resale Price Maintenance -- 4.3.1.2 Price Recommendations -- 4.3.1.3 Maximum Resale Prices -- 4.3.2 Territorial Allocation and Restrictions -- 4.3.2.1 Absolute Territorial Protection Against Other Distributors -- 4.3.2.2 Relative Territorial Protection Against Other Distributors -- 4.3.2.3 Territorial Protection Against the Supplier -- 4.3.2.4 Restriction of the Distributor´s Place of Establishment -- 4.3.3 Customer Allocation and Restrictions -- 4.3.3.1 Customer Protection Against Other Distributors -- 4.3.3.2 Customer Protection Against the Supplier -- 4.3.4 Exclusive Purchase Obligations -- 4.3.5 Non-Compete Obligations -- 4.3.6 On-line Sales -- 4.3.6.1 Absolute Territorial Protection -- 4.3.6.2 Resale Price Maintenance -- 4.3.6.3 Restrictions on the Effective Use of the Internet -- 4.3.6.4 Dual Pricing -- 4.3.6.5 Differentiated Conditions for Online and Offline Sales -- 4.3.7 Dual Distribution -- 4.3.8 Restrictions on Spare Parts, Repair and Maintenance Services -- List of Documents -- Reference -- Chapter 5: Abusive Conduct by Dominant Undertakings and Undertakings with Relative Market Power -- 5.1 Introduction -- 5.2 Dominant Position and Relative Market Power -- 5.2.1 The Relevant Market -- 5.2.2 Dominant Position -- 5.2.3 Relative Market Power and Economic Dependence -- 5.3 Abusive Conduct -- 5.3.1 Definition and Criteria -- 5.3.2 Abusive Conduct Covered by Article 7 (1) CartA -- 5.3.3 Specific Examples of Abuse Covered by Article 7 (2) CartA -- 5.3.3.1 Refusal to Deal -- 5.3.3.2 Discrimination -- 5.3.3.3 Unfair Prices or Conditions of Trade.
5.3.3.4 Under-Cutting of Prices or Other Conditions -- 5.3.3.5 Limitation of Production, Supply or Technical Development -- 5.3.3.6 Tying and Bundling -- 5.3.3.7 Refusal to Supply on Foreign Terms -- 5.4 Justification on Objective Grounds -- List of Documents -- Reference -- Chapter 6: Merger Control -- 6.1 Introduction -- 6.2 Mandatory Notification System -- 6.2.1 Mandatory Notification -- 6.2.2 Failure to Notify -- 6.3 Suspension Obligation -- 6.3.1 Suspension Period -- 6.3.2 Legal Effects of Transactional Arrangements -- 6.3.3 Completion in Breach of the Suspension Period (Gun-Jumping) -- 6.4 Provisional Implementation -- 6.5 Notification Triggers -- 6.5.1 Turnover of Concerned Undertakings -- 6.5.1.1 Undertakings Concerned and Turnover Calculation -- 6.5.1.2 Identification of Corporate Group -- 6.5.2 Dominant Position of One of the Concerned Undertakings -- 6.5.3 Undertaking Having a Duty to Notify -- 6.6 Meaning of Concentration -- 6.6.1 Mergers -- 6.6.2 Acquisition of Control -- 6.6.2.1 Exclusive Control -- 6.6.2.2 Joint Control over a Full Function Entity -- 6.6.2.3 Change of Control -- 6.6.3 Interdependent Transactions as a Single Economic Unit -- 6.7 Substantial Assessment -- 6.7.1 Introduction -- 6.7.2 Creation or Strengthening of a Dominant Position -- 6.7.2.1 Single-Firm Dominance -- 6.7.2.2 Collective Dominance -- 6.7.3 Elimination of Effective Competition -- 6.7.4 Competition on Other Domestic or International Markets -- 6.7.5 Efficiencies -- 6.7.6 Failing Company Defence -- 6.7.7 Remedies -- 6.7.8 Ancillary Restraints -- 6.8 Timetable and Procedure -- 6.8.1 Notification and Start of the Review Periods, Preliminary Assessment -- 6.8.2 In-depth Assessment -- 6.8.3 Parties to the Procedure and Access to File -- 6.8.4 Hearing Before the COMCO -- 6.8.5 Acts Adopted Following an In-depth Assessment.
6.8.5.1 Authorisation Under Conditions and Obligations -- 6.8.5.2 Prohibition -- 6.8.6 Appeals to the Courts -- List of Documents -- Chapter 7: Sanctions, Leniency and Amicable Settlements -- 7.1 Introduction -- 7.2 Sanctions for Unlawful Restraints of Competition -- 7.2.1 Restraints of Competition and Undertakings Subject to Fines -- 7.2.2 Legality and ECHR Conformity -- 7.2.3 Calculation of the Fine -- 7.2.3.1 Calculation of the Basic Amount -- 7.2.3.2 Increase in Function of the Duration -- 7.2.3.3 Increase for Aggravating Circumstances and Reduction for Mitigating Circumstances -- 7.2.3.4 Reduction for Partial Immunity -- 7.2.3.5 Absolute Ceiling on the Amount of Fines -- 7.2.3.6 Sample Calculation (Tables 7.1 and 7.2) -- 7.2.4 Leniency Application and Immunities -- 7.2.4.1 Complete Immunity -- 7.2.4.2 Partial Immunity -- 7.2.4.3 Confidentiality and Access to Leniency Documents -- 7.2.5 Inability to Pay -- 7.2.6 Recovery of Fines, Default Interest and Tax Deduction -- 7.2.7 Prior Notification of Restraints of Competition -- 7.2.8 Time-limitation Applicable to Administrative Sanctions -- 7.3 Amicable Settlements -- 7.4 Other Sanctions -- 7.4.1 Administrative Sanctions to Undertakings -- 7.4.2 Criminal Sanctions to Individuals -- List of Documents -- Index.
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Info
Competition Law in Switzerland : Law and Practice in a European Context / / Pranvera Këllezi
