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Intro -- Contents -- Notes on Contributors -- Abbreviations -- List of Tables -- Philosophical, Theoretical and Historical Overview of The Responsibility to Protect -- Africa's Engagement with the Responsibility to Protect in the Twenty-First Century -- Introduction -- References -- Responsibility-to-Protect and a Tri-dimensional Methodology: Exploring the Epistemic-Morality of an Interventionist Principle -- Introduction and the Problem Statement -- The Conceptual Framework and Analysis -- The Principle of the Responsibility-to-Protect (RtoP) at the International Level: A Brevity of the Evolution -- Some Arguments For and Against the RtoP Principle in Contemporary Period -- Against -- For -- A Tri-dimensional Methodology of Evaluation, the R2P Principle, and Justification -- Summary and Conclusion -- References -- From Peacekeeping to Responsibility to Protect: Unpacking the Genealogy and History of the RtoP Doctrine in the International Humanitarian System -- Introduction -- Peacekeeping: Unpacking Its Origin, Development and Contexts -- Conceptualizing Peacekeeping -- Origins and Development of Peacekeeping -- The Contexts of Peacekeeping -- Responsibility to Protect (RtoP) Doctrine: Origin and Contending Views -- What Is the Responsibility to Protect (RtoP)? -- Origin and Evolution of the Responsibility to Protect (R2P) -- Pillars of the R2P Doctrine -- The First Pillar -- The Second Pillar -- The Third Pillar -- From Peacekeeping to Responsibility to Protect (RtoP): A Metamorphosis of Mandate? -- A Prognosis on the RtoP and the Rise of Responsibility While Protecting (RwP) -- Conclusion -- References -- Theory and Pratice of The Responsibility to Protect in Africa -- Responsibility to Protect in Libya or Regime Change? What We Have Learned? -- Introduction -- Background to NATO Invasion of Libya.
The Principle of Just Cause and Libyan Intervention -- The Responsibility to Protect (RtoP) Implementation in Libya, How Far Did NATO Prevent, React, and Rebuilt Libya? -- Conclusion -- References -- Horizontal Inequality and Violence in Cote d'Ivoire: The Complexity of the Responsibility to Protect (RtoP) Doctrine -- Introduction -- Build-up to Armed Violence in Côte d'Ivoire -- Application of the Principle of Responsibility to Protect (RtoP) in Côte d'Ivoire -- References -- On Responsibility for the Security of Others: An Ethnographic Case Study of Civilian Joint Task Force Insurgent Peace in Borno State, North-Eastern Region of Nigeria -- Introduction -- Insurgent Peace and the Responsibility to Protect -- Local Security and Insurgent Peace -- The CJTF's Responsibility to Protect Versus Local Security -- The Introduction of the Responsibility to Protect -- The Direction of the CJTF Local Security -- Local Security and the Responsibility to Protect: An Unstable Calm? -- Standpoints from Fieldwork in Borno State -- Ideological Misperceptions -- The Conflation of Local Security Mechanisms and the Responsibility to Protect -- The Local Politics of the Responsibility to Protect -- Implications of the Responsibility to Protect Mandate for the CJTF's Insurgent Peace Plan and Local Security -- Conclusion -- References -- Conflict-Proofing Civilian Protection Rules in the Sahel: The Challenge of the Responsibility to Protect -- Introduction -- The Right to Protect Civilians in Non-international Armed Conflicts -- Obligations Not to Direct Attacks Against Civilians -- Prohibition of Indiscriminate Attacks -- Prohibition of Attacks on Non-military Objects -- Prohibitions Relating to Human Rights in Armed Conflict -- Prohibition of Serious Human Rights Violations -- Prohibition of Acts of Sexual Violence.
The Ineffectiveness of Local Prevention and Protection Approaches -- Insufficient Civilian Means of Prevention -- Inadequate Protection Responses -- Conclusion -- References -- The Anglophone Cameroon Conflict and the Responsibility to Protect -- Introduction -- Perspectives on Anglophone Cameroon Crisis: A Literature Review -- The Genesis of the Anglophone Cameroon Crisis: A Historical Background -- The Anglophone Cameroon Crisis -- The Situation in Anglophone Cameroon and the RtoP: Making a Case for the RtoP -- Challenges to the RtoP in Anglophone Cameroon: Reasons for Failure -- Conclusion -- References -- The Responsibility to Protect and International Community Response to the Boko Haram Insurgency in Nigeria -- Introduction -- Conceptual Clarification & -- Theoretical Discourse -- The Ethology of International Community Response to the Boko Haram Insurgency in Nigeria. -- Conclusion -- References -- From Regionalization of Peacekeeping to the Responsibility to Protect (RtoP) in Africa: The Gambia Experience -- Introduction -- Review of Related Literature -- Gambia's 2016 Election Crisis: A Brief Overview -- The Post-Election Crisis in the Gambia and Regional Efforts to Maintain Peace -- ECOWAS's Military Intervention, the People's Reaction and Its Implications -- Conclusion & -- Recommendation -- References -- The Responsibility to Protect in American Foreign Policy Towards Africa -- Introduction -- Literature Review on U.S. Foreign Policy Towards Africa -- Responsibility to Protect and the Making of U.S. Foreign Policy in Africa -- Temporary Protected Status to Cameroon Nationals -- Military Intervention in Libya's Arab Spring -- The Strategic Relevance of the U.S. Africa Command -- Concluding thoughts -- References -- Emerging and Contending Issues from The Pratice of The Responsibility to Protect in Africa.
The African Union, Responsibility to Protect and the Mantra of African Solutions to Africa Problems -- Introduction -- The Responsibility to Protect -- The Mantra of African Solutions to African Problems -- AU and R2P in Africa -- AU and the Operationalization of African Solutions to African Problems -- Problems Associated with AU Operationalization of African Solutions to African Problems -- Conclusion -- References -- Implementing the Responsibility to Protect (RtoP): Coordinating Approaches Between the United Nations Security Council and the International Criminal Court -- Introduction -- Unpacking the Atrocity Crimes Underpinning the RtoP -- Unpacking the UNSC Mandate -- Unpacking the ICC Mandate -- Linkages Between the UNSC and ICC -- Problems Underpinning the UNSC-ICC Relationship -- African Contestation of the ICC -- Moving Forward -- Conclusion -- References -- Peace Enforcement in the Face of International Military Intervention -- Introduction -- Definition of Terms -- Theoretical Underpinnings -- The Conflict Triangle -- Liberal Democratic Peace and Peacekeeping Operations -- Has International Military Interventions Ever Worked? -- International Military Interventions: Making Case for Communal Resilience and Empowerment Agenda -- Communal Resilience -- Empowerment Agenda -- Final Reflections -- References -- The Media, Armed Conflict, and the Responsibility to Protect -- Background to the Study -- News Reportage of Conflicts in Nigeria -- Social Responsibility of the Media vs. Responsibility to Protect -- Methodology -- Journalists' Views of the Responsibility to Protect and Importance of the Concept to the Vulnerable -- Journalists' Strategies of Reporting to Achieve Responsibility to Protect in Conflicts -- Challenges Faced by Journalists in Reporting Conflicts -- Conclusion and Recommendations -- Personal Interviews -- References.
The Legal Discourse on the Responsibility to Protect (R2P) in Africa -- Introduction -- International Law and the Fundamental International Norms Impacting the R2P -- Sovereign Equality of States -- Sovereignty and Non-Intervention -- Prohibition of the Threat of or Use of Force -- The R2P and Africa: An Overview -- The African Union (AU), Regional Economic Communities (RECs), and the Legal Questions of R2P in Africa -- State Sovereignty and R2P in Africa -- Intervention, Treaty-based Multilateral Actions, and R2P in Africa -- The Principle of Subsidiarity and R2P in Africa -- The Scope, Nature of Intervention, and R2P in Africa -- Conclusion -- References -- The Responsibility to Protect (RtoP) and the Avoidance of Responsibility: Ending Atrocity Crimes in Northern Nigeria -- Introduction -- Overview of the Responsibility to Protect RtoP -- Overview of Atrocity Crimes: Types and What They Are -- Genocide -- War Crimes -- Crimes Against Humanity -- Ethnic Cleansing -- Mass Killing -- Overview of Human Right Violations and Atrocity Crimes in Nigeria -- Boko Haram's Actions in Nigeria's North-East -- Bandits/Fulani Militants' Activities in the North central and Northwest Regions -- Atrocity Crimes, the International Community and Non-Authorisation of RtoP in Nigeria -- First Argument: RtoP and Controversies of Norm Status -- Second Argument: RtoP as Smokescreen for Advancing Western Interests -- Third Argument: RtoP, Divisive Intervention Outcomes -- The International Community and Non-Authorisation of RtoP in Nigeria -- References -- Environmental Challenges, Climate Change and the Responsibility to Protect (RtoP) in Africa -- Introduction -- Background to Environmental Challenges and Climate Change in Africa -- The Concept of Environmental Responsibility to Protect (RtoP).
Role of African Regional Organisations in Integrating RtoP Principles into Environmental Policies and Strategies-A Case Study of African Union Agenda 2063.
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Africa's Engagement with the Responsibility to Protect in the 21st Century
