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Cover -- Title Page -- Copyright Page -- Contents -- Chapter 1. The Rare Earth Resources of Europe and Greenland: Mining Potential and Challenges -- 1.1. Introduction -- 1.2. The extreme diversity of rare earths -- 1.2.1. Rare earth elements -- 1.2.2. Rare earth minerals -- 1.3. The economy of rare earths in the world and their place in Europe -- 1.3.1. The application domains for rare earths -- 1.3.2. The evolution of prices -- 1.3.3. Europe in the rare earth economy -- 1.4. Classification of rare earth deposits -- 1.4.1. Primary endogenous deposits -- 1.4.2. Secondary exogenous deposits -- 1.5. Rare earths deposits in Europe -- 1.5.1. Rare earth indices in the Baltic shield -- 1.5.2. The rare earths indices of the Caledonides -- 1.5.3. Rare earth occurrences in the Variscan belt -- 1.5.4. Rare earths indices from the Mesozoic -- 1.5.5. Rare earth occurrences from the Cenozoic and Quaternary -- 1.6. The rare earths deposits of Greenland -- 1.6.1. The alkaline provinces of the Archean (2,750-2,700 Ma) -- 1.6.2. Paleoproterozoic deposits at Karrat (NIAQ and UMIA) -- 1.6.3. Pegmatites from the late Paleoproterozoic (1,800.1,785 Ma) -- 1.6.4. Gardar Mesoproterozoic alkaline province -- 1.6.5. Carbonatites from the Neoproterozoic to the Mesozoic (southwestern Greenland) -- 1.6.6. Milne Land Jurassic.Cretaceous REE-Ti-Zr paleoplacer -- 1.6.7. Alkaline complexes from the Paleogene (central and eastern Greenland) -- 1.7. The origin of the rare earth deposits in Europe and Greenland -- 1.7.1. Partial melting and crystal fractionation -- 1.7.2. Chlorinity of hydrothermal systems -- 1.7.3. Exogenous rare earth cycle -- 1.8. Strengths and weaknesses of rare earths deposits in Europe and Greenland -- 1.9. Conclusion -- 1.10. Acknowledgments -- 1.11. References -- Chapter 2. The Cornubian Batholith: Post-Collisional Variscan Granites and Resources.
2.1. Introduction -- 2.2. Tectonic context of magmatism and resources -- 2.2.1. Variscan tectonics -- 2.2.2. Post-Variscan tectonics -- 2.3. Lamprophyres and basalts -- 2.4. The Cornubian Batholith and associated felsic igneous rocks -- 2.4.1. Geophysical data -- 2.4.2. Field occurrence -- 2.4.3. Mineralogical and textural variation -- 2.4.4. Mineral chemistry -- 2.4.5. Whole-rock geochemistry -- 2.4.6. Geochronology -- 2.4.7. Synthesis -- 2.5. Granite-related mineralization -- 2.5.1. Disseminated magmatic mineralization -- 2.5.2. Pegmatites -- 2.5.3. Replacement deposits -- 2.5.4. Mineralization associated with greisen and potassic alteration -- 2.5.5. Tourmaline-dominated veins, lodes and intrusive breccias -- 2.5.6. Polymetallic sulfide lodes -- 2.5.7. Mineralization models -- 2.6. Post-granite mineralization -- 2.6.1. Cross-course mineralization -- 2.6.2. Five-element (Co-Ni-Bi-As-Ag) and uranium mineralization -- 2.6.3. Hydrocarbons -- 2.7. China clay -- 2.8. The past, present and future of the resources sector in SW England -- 2.8.1. W, Sn, Cu -- 2.8.2. Lithium micas (St Austell granite) -- 2.8.3. Deep geothermal energy -- 2.8.4. Lithium brines -- 2.8.5. Industrial minerals, aggregates and building stones -- 2.9. Environmental, cultural and social impact of mining -- 2.10. References -- Chapter 3. The W Deposit at Panasqueira (Portugal): A Critical Bibliographical Review -- 3.1. Introduction -- 3.2. Geological context -- 3.2.1. Regional context -- 3.2.2. Local geological setting -- 3.2.3. Mineralized vein system -- 3.2.4. The RMG granitic suite at Panasqueira -- 3.3. Relative chronology of the alteration and mineralization stages -- 3.3.1. Historical overview and methodological considerations -- 3.3.2. The paragenetic succession at Panasqueira -- 3.3.3. Wallrock alterations -- 3.3.4. Consequences and implications of revising the paragenesis.
3.3.5. Absolute chronology -- 3.4. The opening of the veins -- 3.4.1. The opening conditions -- 3.4.2. The origin of the flat joints -- 3.4.3. The place of flat joints in the regional history -- 3.5. P and T conditions at the early and late stages -- 3.5.1. The early stages (stages I-III) -- 3.5.2. Late stages (stages IV-V) -- 3.6. Characterization of the origin of fluids -- 3.6.1. Geochemical arguments: the early stages (I to III-A) -- 3.6.2. Geochemical arguments: the late stages (III-B, IV, V) -- 3.6.3. Mass balances and the source of the fluids -- 3.6.4. Presence of a magmatic component -- 3.7. Role of the Panasqueira granites -- 3.8. Panasqueira: a magmatic and hydrothermal system of crustal scale -- 3.9. References -- Appendix 1. The Rare Earth Resources of Europe and Greenland: Mining Potential and Challenges -- Appendix 2. The Cornubian Batholith: Post-Collisional Variscan Granites and Resources -- Appendix 3. The Panasqueira W Deposit (Portugal): A Critical Bibliographic Review -- List of Authors -- Index -- Summary of Volume 2 -- EULA.
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Le drame des houillères / Michel Toromanoff
