| Nota di contenuto |
Front Cover -- Contents -- Foreword -- Acknowledgments -- About the Authors -- Abbreviations -- Overview -- Resource-Rich Countries Have Higher National Incomes, but Their Populations Are Not Less Poor, and Their Human Development Is Low -- While There Are Compelling Reasons for Resource-Rich Countries to Invest in Human Capital, Their Investment Is Paltry and Ineffective -- Resource Rents Exacerbate Governance Challenges: Tackling Them Requires Strengthening Institutions, Incentives, and Information -- The Returns to Making Smart Investments in Human Capital Are High -- Conclusion: Invest Early and Smartly -- Notes -- References -- Chapter 1 Human Capital in Resource-Rich Countries -- Abstract -- Introduction -- Natural Resource Wealth, National Income, Poverty, and Inequality -- Natural Resource Wealth and Human Development -- Public Spending on Education and Health in Resource-Rich Countries -- Conclusions -- Notes -- References -- Chapter 2 An Economic Rationale for Investing in Human Capital -- Abstract -- Why Governments Should Invest in Human Capital -- Why Governments Do Not Invest More in Human Capital -- Natural Resource Revenues and Investment in Human Capital -- Violent Conflict: Human Capital Investment and Political Instability -- Conclusions -- Notes -- References -- Chapter 3 Delivering Human Development Services in Resource-Rich Countries -- Abstract -- Governance Challenges and Service Delivery -- Levers for Improving the Governance of Service Delivery -- Notes -- References -- Chapter 4 Key Investments to Build the Foundations of Human Capital -- Abstract -- The Foundations of Human Capital -- Interventions to Strengthen the Foundations of Human Capital -- The Role of Cash Transfers in Increasing Demand for Health and Education Services -- Going to Scale with ECD and Cash Transfers -- Conclusions.
Annex 4A: Cash Transfer Programs in Africa -- Notes -- References -- Boxes -- Box O.1 Transparency to Improve the Quality of Political Engagement -- Box O.2 Malaysia: Managing Mineral Resources Revenues for Human Development -- Box O.3 The Human Capital of Parents and Offspring -- Box 1.1 Country Classification -- Box 1.2 New Data on Inequalities in Education and Health Indicators -- Box 1.3 Gender Gaps in Education Outcomes -- Box 2.1 Private Returns to Human Capital -- Box 2.2 Modeling Natural Resources and Human Capital across Generations -- Box 2.3 Using Dynamic Stochastic General Equilibrium Modeling to Guide Investments -- Box 2.4 Natural Resources and Conflict -- Box 2.5 Angola: Conflict, Natural Resource Wealth, and Low Human Development Outcomes -- Box 2.6 The Effect of Parents' Education on the Education of Their Children -- Box 3.1 Does Taxation Increase Transparency? -- Box 3.2 Service Delivery Indicators: Health and Education Services Need Improvement -- Box 3.3 Public Expenditures on Health Services in Ethiopia, Guinea, Malawi, Madagascar, Senegal, and Sierra Leone -- Box 3.4 Eight "Must-Have" Features for an Efficient Public Investment Management System -- Box 3.5 The Role of Parliaments in Managing Resource Wealth -- Box 3.6 Results-Based Financing: A Tale of Two Sub-Saharan African Countries -- Box 3.7 Direct Dividend Payments -- Box 3.8 Transparency to Improve the Quality of Political Engagement -- Box 3.9 Social Accountability in Resource-Rich Countries -- Box 3.10 Botswana: A Diversified Portfolio of Investing Natural Resource Wealth -- Box 3.11 Chile: Managing Natural Resource Wealth for Stability -- Box 4.1 The Consequences of Early Childhood Growth Failure over the Life Course in Guatemala -- Box 4.2 Community-Based Growth Promotion Programs -- Box 4.3 Mineral Wealth and the Protection of Human Capital.
Box 4.4 What Types of Interventions Improve Student Learning? -- Box 4.5 The Role of Technical and Vocational Education and Training -- Box 4.6 Cash Transfers in Sub-Saharan Africa: What Do They Achieve? -- Figures -- Figure O.1 The Prices of Natural Resources Are Volatile: Index of Real Prices, 1990-2015 (January 2010 = 100) -- Figure O.2 In SSA, Oil-Rich Countries Grew Substantially Faster Than Other Countries: Cumulative Growth in GNI per Capita, 1995-2013 -- Figure O.3 Resource Wealth Is Not Associated with Substantially Lower Poverty: Headcount Poverty Rates Relative to Non-Resource-Rich SSA Countries at a Poverty Threshold of US2.50 a Day -- Figure O.4 Resource-Rich Countries in SSA Fare Poorly on the Human Development Index: HDI and GNI per Capita in 2013 -- Figure O.5 Resource-Rich Countries in SSA Have Low School Participation and High Infant Mortality: Indicators Relative to Non-Resource-Rich SSA Countries, Controlling for GNI per Capita -- Figure O.6 Rich-Poor Gaps in Education and Health Are Largest in SSA Resource-Rich Countries: Differences between the Richest and Poorest Quintiles on Outcome Indicators -- Figure O.7 Increased Public Spending Is Not Associated with Improved Outcomes in Oil-Rich Countries: Association between Public Spending and Outcomes, Controlling for Other Factors -- Figure O.8 An Optimal Public Investment Portfolio Is Likely to Be Balanced: Positive Complementarities Suggest Higher Levels of Investment -- Figure O.9 Governance Indicators Are Worse In Resource-Rich Countries -- Figure O.10 Accountability Framework for Service Delivery -- Figure O.11 Early Investments Have the Highest Returns: Indicative Rate of Return to Investments at Each Age -- Figure 1.1 Strategies for Managing Resource Rents Need to Account for Booms and Busts: Index of the Real Price of Natural Resources, 1990-2015.
Figure 1.2 In SSA, Oil-Rich Countries Grew Substantially Faster Than Other Countries: Cumulative Growth in GNI per Capita, 1995-2013 -- Figure 1.3 Natural Resource Wealth in SSA Generally Translates into Higher GNI per Capita: GNI per Capita, by Country Classification, 2013 -- Figure 1.4 In SSA, Natural Resource Wealth Is Associated with Slightly Lower Poverty Rates: Share of the Population Living on Less Than US1.25, US2.50, and US5 a Day, Most Recent Data Available -- Figure 1.5 Resource Wealth Is Not Associated with Substantially Lower Poverty: Headcount Poverty Rates Relative to Non-Resource-Rich SSA Countries at a Poverty Threshold of US2.50 a Day (Poverty Rates, by Country Category, after Controlling for GNI per C -- Figure 1.6 Workers in Industry Have Higher Levels of Education Than Workers in Agriculture or the Unpaid or Self-Employed Services Sector: Percentage of Workers at Each Education Level in Selected African Countries, by Type of Employment -- Figure 1.7 Resource-Rich Countries in SSA Fare Poorly on the Human Development Index: HDI and GNI per Capita, by Country Category, 2013 -- Figure 1.8 Patterns of Grade Completion Vary Dramatically across Countries: Grade Completion Rate (Proportion) among Young Persons Ages 15-19 Years, by Country -- Figure 1.9 In SSA, Resource-Rich Countries Have Worse Education Outcomes after Controlling for GNI per Capita: Education Outcomes Relative to Non-Resource-Rich SSA Countries, Overall and by Quintile -- Figure 1.10 Within-Country Inequalities in Health Indicators Can Be Very Large in SSA: Health Indicators in Selected Countries, by Quintile -- Figure 1.11 In SSA, Resource-Rich Countries Have Worse Health Indicators Than Other Countries after Controlling for GNI per Capita: Health Outcomes Relative to Non-Resource-Rich SSA Countries, Overall and by Quintile.
Figure 1.12 Inequalities in Education and Health Indicators Are Worse in Oil-Rich SSA Countries -- Figure 1.13 Learning in Africa's Schools Is Lagging: Performance on the TIMSS Tests of Grade 8 Students in Selected Countries -- Figure 1.14 In SSA, Public Spending on Education and Health Is Lower in Oil-Rich Countries Than in Other Countries: Public Spending on Education and Health, Relative to Non-Resource-Rich SSA Countries, after Controlling for GNI per Capita -- Figure 1.15 Public Spending on Education Is Not Associated with Statistically Significantly Higher Levels of Grade 6 Completion in Resource-Rich SSA Countries: Association between Public Spending on Education and Education Outcomes, Controlling for Other -- Figure 1.16 Public Spending on Health Has Only a Weak Association with Better Health Indicators in Resource-Rich SSA Countries: Association between Public Spending on Health and Health Indicators, Controlling for Other Factors -- Figure 2.1 The Rationale for an Optimal Investment Portfolio -- Figure 2.2 Optimal Portfolio Composition for a Less Resource-Rich Country -- Figure 2.3 Complementarities between Human and Physical Capital -- Figure 3.1 Accountability Framework for Service Delivery in Resource-Rich Countries -- Figure 3.2 Resource-Rich Countries Are Poor Performers across Governance Indicators -- Figure 3.3 Public Trust in Institutions Is Lower and Less Budget Information Is Available in Resource-Rich SSA Countries -- Figure 3.4 In SSA, Accountability for Service Delivery Is Poor in Resource-Rich Countries -- Figure 3.5 Citizens' Dissatisfaction with the Provision of Public Health and Education Is High in SSA -- Figure 3.6 Public Spending on Education Is Only Weakly Correlated with Outcomes, 2010 -- Figure B3.4.1 Features of an Efficient Public Investment Management System.
Figure 3.7 Mobile Phone Subscriptions Are Rising More Quickly in Resource-Rich Than in Non-Resource-Rich SSA: Mobile Phone Subscription Rate, 2000-13.
|
Info
From Mines and Wells to Well-Built Minds : : Turning Sub-Saharan Africa's Natural Resource Wealth into Human Capital / / Benedicte de la Briere
