Lithospheric discontinuities / / Huaiyu Yuan, Barbara Romanowicz, editors

• Autore: Yuan Huaiyu
• Pubblicazione: Hoboken, New Jersey : , : Wiley, , 2019
• Edizione: 1st ed.
• Descrizione fisica: 1 online resource (ix, 208 pages, 16 unnumbered of plates) : illustrations
• Disciplina: 551
• Soggetto topico: Lithosphere
• Soggetto non controllato: Continents; Science
• Persona (resp. second.): YuanHuaiyu; RomanowiczBarbara
• Nota di contenuto: Intro -- Title Page -- Copyright Page -- Contents -- Contributors -- Preface -- Introduction-Lithospheric Discontinuities -- REFERENCES -- Chapter 1 On the Origin of the Upper Mantle Seismic Discontinuities -- 1.1. INTRODUCTION -- 1.2. SEISMOLOGICAL OBSERVATIONS RELEVANT TO THE LAB AND THE MLD -- 1.2.1. General Introduction: Long Wavelength Versus Short Wavelength Seismology -- 1.2.2. Some Examples: Isotropic Velocity-Depth Models -- 1.2.3. Anisotropy -- 1.2.4. Attenuation -- 1.3. GEOLOGICAL/PETROLOGICAL OBSERVATIONS RELEVANT TO THE LAB AND MLD -- 1.3.1. The LAB in the Oceanic Upper Mantle -- 1.3.2. Composition and Evolution of the Continental Lithosphere -- 1.4. MODELS FOR THE LAB AND THE MLD -- 1.4.1. Partial Melting -- 1.4.2. Chemical/Mineralogical Layering -- 1.4.3. Layering in Anisotropy -- 1.4.4. Temperature Effects -- 1.4.5. Temperature and Water Effects -- 1.5. ELASTICALLY ACCOMMODATED GRAIN‐BOUNDARY SLIDING MODEL -- 1.5.1. Deformation of a Polycrystalline Material: the Role of Grain‐Boundary Sliding -- 1.5.2. Experimental Observations on Anelasticity Including EAGBS -- 1.6. DISCUSSION -- 1.6.1. Partial Melt Model Versus Subsolidus Models for the LAB -- 1.6.2. The Frozen‐Melt Model for the MLD -- 1.6.3. Layered Anisotropy Model for the MLD and the LAB -- 1.6.4. EAGBS Model for the MLD and the LAB -- 1.7. SUMMARY AND FUTURE DIRECTIONS -- ACKNOWLEDGMENTS -- REFERENCES -- Chapter 2 The Evolution of the Oceanic Lithosphere: An Electromagnetic Perspective -- 2.1. INTRODUCTION -- 2.2. LITHOSPHERE-ASTHENOSPHERE BOUNDARY -- 2.3. ELECTRICAL CONDUCTIVITY OF THE MANTLE -- 2.3.1. Water -- 2.3.2. Melts -- 2.3.3. Electrical Anisotropy -- 2.4. OCEANIC LITHOSPHERE -- 2.4.1. Formation at Mid‐Ocean Ridges -- 2.4.2. Lithospheric Evolution -- 2.4.3. Melt at the LAB? -- 2.4.4. Melt in the Asthenosphere -- 2.5. GAPS IN KNOWLEDGE -- 2.6. SUMMARY. ; ACKNOWLEDGMENTS -- REFERENCES -- Chapter 3 Lithospheric and Asthenospheric Structure Below Oceans from Anisotropic Tomography -- 3.1. INTRODUCTION -- 3.2. ANISOTROPY TOMOGRAPHY FROM SURFACE‐WAVE DATA -- 3.3. AZIMUTHAL ANISOTROPY AND PLATE MOTION -- 3.4. GEODYNAMIC CONSEQUENCES -- ACKNOWLEDGMENTS -- REFERENCES -- Chapter 4 Seismic Imaging of the Base of the Ocean Plates -- 4.1. INTRODUCTION -- 4.2. ISOTROPY METHODS -- 4.2.1. Surface Waves -- 4.2.2. Teleseismic P‐to‐S and S‐to‐P Converted Phases -- 4.2.3. Teleseismic Reflections -- 4.2.4. Active Source Reflections -- 4.3. ANISOTROPY METHODS -- 4.3.1. SKS -- 4.3.2. Surface Waves -- 4.3.3. Active Sources -- 4.4. DISCUSSION -- 4.5. CONCLUSIONS -- ACKNOWLEDGMENTS -- REFERENCES -- Chapter 5 Electrical Discontinuities in the Continental Lithosphere Imaged with Magnetotellurics -- 5.1. INTRODUCTION -- 5.2. EXPERIMENTAL CONDUCTIVITIES OF TYPICAL LITHOSPHERIC MINERALS -- 5.2.1. The Crust -- 5.2.2. The Mantle -- 5.2.3. The Lithosphere -- 5.3. OBSERVED DISCONTINUITIES IN ELECTRICAL CONDUCTIVITY IN THE CONTINENTAL LITHOSPHERE -- 5.3.1. High‐Amplitude Discontinuities in the Lower Crust and Upper Mantle -- 5.3.2. Large‐Volume Mantle Conductors -- 5.3.3. Discontinuities Associated with Faults and Shear Zones -- 5.3.4. Lateral Conductivity Discontinuities -- 5.4. COMPARISON WITH SEISMIC DISCONTINUITIES -- 5.4.1. The Moho -- 5.4.2. The Midlithosphere Discontinuity -- 5.5. DISCUSSION AND CONCLUSIONS -- ACKNOWLEDGMENTS -- REFERENCES -- Chapter 6 A Lithosphere-Asthenosphere Boundary-a Global Model Derived from Multimode Surface‐Wave Tomography and Petrology -- 6.1. INTRODUCTION -- 6.2. UPPER MANTLE SHEAR‐WAVE‐SPEED MODEL -- 6.3. RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN VS TEMPERATURE AND COMPOSITION -- 6.4. A GLOBAL LITHOSPHERIC MODEL -- 6.5. IMPLICATIONS OF THE LITHOSPHERIC MODEL -- ACKNOWLEDGMENTS -- REFERENCES. ; Chapter 7 Frayed Edges of Cratonic Mantle Keels: Thermal Diffusion Timescales and Their Predicted Imprint on Mantle‐Velocity Structure -- 7.1. INTRODUCTION -- 7.2. METHODS -- 7.2.1. Thermal Modeling -- 7.2.2. Velocity and Density Calculations -- 7.2.3. Surface‐Wave Tomography Tests -- 7.2.4. Body‐Wave Arrival Time Residuals -- 7.3. RESULTS -- 7.4. DISCUSSION -- 7.5. CONCLUSIONS -- ACKNOWLEDGMENTS -- REFERENCES -- Chapter 8 Perspectives of the S‐Receiver‐Function Method to Image Upper Mantle Discontinuities -- 8.1. INTRODUCTION -- 8.2. OBSERVATIONS OF LITHOSPHERE-ASTHENOSPHERE BOUNDARY AND MIDLITHOSPHERIC DISCONTINUITY -- 8.3. S‐RECEIVER‐FUNCTION METHOD -- 8.3.1. Rotation of Components -- 8.3.2. Deconvolution -- 8.3.3. Moveout Correction and Migration -- 8.3.4. Advantages and Limitations -- 8.4. S‐RECEIVER FUNCTIONS FROM LARGE DATA SETS -- 8.4.1. General Aspects of S‐Receiver Functions -- 8.4.2. S‐Receiver‐Function Profiles in Central Europe -- 8.4.3. S‐Receiver‐Function Profiles in North America -- 8.5. DISCUSSION AND CONCLUSIONS -- ACKNOWLEDGMENT -- REFERENCES -- Chapter 9 Continental Lithospheric Layering Beneath Stable, Modified, and Destroyed Cratons from Seismic Daylight Imaging -- 9.1. INTRODUCTION -- 9.1.1. Lithosphere-Asthenosphere Transition -- 9.1.2. Midlithospheric Discontinuity -- 9.1.3. Tools for Imaging Lithospheric Discontinuities -- 9.2. GEOLOGIC SETTINGS -- 9.2.1. West Australian Craton -- 9.2.2. North China Craton -- 9.3. SEISMIC DAYLIGHT IMAGING -- 9.3.1. Principle of SDI -- 9.3.2. Data Processing -- 9.3.3. Synthetic Examples -- 9.4. DATA -- 9.4.1. WAC -- 9.4.2. NCC -- 9.5. RESULTS -- 9.5.1. Two Typical Styles of SDI Images -- 9.5.2. NCC -- 9.5.3. WAC -- 9.6. DISCUSSION -- 9.6.1. Understanding Autocorrelograms -- 9.6.2. MLD in NCC -- 9.6.3. MLD in the West Australian Craton -- 9.6.4. Reconciliation of Various Seismic Properties. ; 9.6.5. Tectonic implications of MLD -- 9.7. CONCLUDING REMARKS -- ACKNOWLEDGMENTS -- REFERENCES -- Chapter 10 Cratonic Lithosphere Discontinuities: Dynamics of Small‐Volume Melting, Metacratonization, and a Possible Role for Brines -- 10.1. INTRODUCTION -- 10.2. STATE OF THE ART -- 10.2.1. The Framework: Formation, Modification, and Destruction of Cratons -- 10.2.2. Geophysical and Petrological Approaches to Constraining Lithosphere Structure -- 10.2.3. Inherited Versus Imposed Cratonic Lithosphere Discontinuities -- 10.3. DISCUSSION -- 10.3.1. LADs and Melt Generation Beneath Cratonic Lithosphere-Asthenosphere Boundaries -- 10.3.2. High‐Pressure Origin of Cratonic Nuclei and the Interpretation of MLDs Within a Plate Tectonic Framework -- 10.3.3. MLDs and Melt Extraction Through Cratonic Lithospheres -- 10.4. SUMMARY AND OUTLOOK -- ACKNOWLEDGMENTS -- REFERENCES -- Index -- Supplemental Images -- EULA.
• Sommario/riassunto: "Understanding the origin and evolution of the continental crust continues to challenge Earth scientists. Lithospheric Discontinuities offers a multidisciplinary review of fine scale layering within the continental lithosphere to aid the interpretation of geologic layers. Once Earth scientists can accurately decipher the history, internal dynamics, and evolution of the continental lithosphere, we will have a clearer understanding of how the crust formed, how plate tectonics began, and how our continents became habitable. Volume highlights [include]: theories and observations of the current state of tectonic boundaries and discontinuities; contributions on field observations, laboratory experiments, and geodynamic predictions from leading experts in the field; mantle fabrics in response to various mantle deformation processes; insights on fluid distribution using geophysical observations, and thermal and viscosity constraints from dynamic modeling; discontinuities associated with lithosphere and lithosphere-asthenosphere boundary; and an integrated study of the evolving physical and chemical processes associated with lithosphere asthenosphere interaction. Written for academic and research geoscientists, particularly in the field of tectonophysics, geophysicists, geodynamics, seismology, structural geology, environmental geology, and geoengineering, Lithospheric Discontinuities is a valuable resource that sheds light on the origin and evolution of plate interaction processes"--Provided by publisher.
• Titolo autorizzato: Lithospheric discontinuities
• ISBN: 1-119-24972-4; 1-119-24973-2; 1-119-24974-0
• Formato: Materiale a stampa
• Livello bibliografico: Monografia
• Lingua di pubblicazione: Inglese
• Record Nr.: 9910830642003321
• Lo trovi qui: Univ. Federico II
• Serie: Geophysical monograph ; ; 239.