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3D visual communications / / Guan-Ming Su, Dolby Labs, California, USA [and three others]
3D visual communications / / Guan-Ming Su, Dolby Labs, California, USA [and three others]
Autore Su Guan-Ming
Edizione [1st edition]
Pubbl/distr/stampa Chichester, West Sussex, United Kingdom : , : John Wiley & Sons Inc., , 2013
Descrizione fisica 1 online resource (xiv, 342 pages ) : illustrations (black and white)
Disciplina 006.7
Altri autori (Persone) LaiYu-Chi
KwasinskiAndres
WangHaohong <1973->
Soggetto topico Multimedia communications
Three-dimensional display systems
Soggetto genere / forma Electronic books.
ISBN 1-299-18805-2
1-118-35802-3
1-118-35803-1
1-118-35805-8
Formato Materiale a stampa
Livello bibliografico Monografia
Lingua di pubblicazione eng
Nota di contenuto Preface ix About the Authors xiii 1 Introduction 1 1.1 Why 3D Communications? 1 1.2 End-to-End 3D Visual Ecosystem 3 1.2.1 3D Modeling and Representation 5 1.2.2 3D Content Creation 6 1.2.3 3D Video Compression 7 1.2.4 3D Content Delivery 8 1.2.5 3D Display 9 1.2.6 3D QoE 9 1.3 3D Visual Communications 10 1.4 Challenges and Opportunities 11 References 15 2 3D Graphics and Rendering 17 2.1 3DTV Content Processing Procedure 19 2.2 3D Scene Representation with Explicit Geometry - Geometry Based Representation 22 2.2.1 Surface Based Representation 23 2.2.2 Point Based Representation 37 2.2.3 Point Based Construction 38 2.2.4 Point Based Compression and Encoding for Transmission 38 2.2.5 Point Based Rendering: Splatting 39 2.2.6 Volumetric Representation 40 2.2.7 Volumetric Construction 40 2.2.8 Volumetric Compression and Encoding for Transmission 41 2.2.9 Volumetric Rendering 42 2.3 3D Scene Representation without Geometry - Image-Based Representation 43 2.3.1 Plenoptic Function 43 2.3.2 Single Texture Representation 46 2.3.3 Multiple Texture Representation 48 2.3.4 Image Based Animation 51 2.4 3D Scene Representation with Implicit Geometry - Depth-Image-Based Representation 51 2.4.1 History of Depth-Image-Based Representation 52 2.4.2 Fundamental Concept Depth-Image-Based Representation 53 2.4.3 Depth Construction 56 2.4.4 Depth-Image-Based Animation 57 References 57 3 3D Display Systems 63 3.1 Depth Cues and Applications to 3D Display 63 3.1.1 Monocular Depth Cues 63 3.1.2 Binocular Depth Cues 64 3.2 Stereoscopic Display 65 3.2.1 Wavelength Division (Color) Multiplexing 65 3.2.2 Polarization Multiplexing 69 3.2.3 Time Multiplexing 69 3.3 Autostereoscopic Display 71 3.3.1 Occlusion-Based Approach 71 3.3.2 Refraction-Based Approach 75 3.4 Multi-View System 78 3.4.1 Head Tracking Enabled Multi-View Display 79 3.4.2 Automultiscopic 79 3.5 Recent Advances in Hologram System Study 83 References 84 4 3D Content Creation 85 4.1 3D Scene Modeling and Creation 85 4.1.1 Geometry-Based Modeling 86 4.1.2 Image-Based Modeling 86 4.1.3 Hybrid Approaches 87 4.2 3D Content Capturing 87 4.2.1 Stereo Camera 87 4.2.2 Depth Camera 88 4.2.3 Multi-View Camera 88 4.2.4 3D Capturing with Monoscopic Camera 89 4.3 2D-to-3D Video Conversion 101 4.3.1 Automatic 2D-to-3D Conversion 103 4.3.2 Interactive 2D-to-3D Conversion 111 4.3.3 Showcase of 3D Conversion System Design 112 4.4 3D Multi-View Generation 125 References 126 5 3D Video Coding and Standards 129 5.1 Fundamentals of Video Coding 129 5.2 Two-View Stereo Video Coding 142 5.2.1 Individual View Coding 142 5.2.2 Inter-View Prediction Stereo Video Coding 143 5.3 Frame-Compatible Stereo Coding 144 5.3.1 Half-Resolution Frame-Compatible Stereo Coding 144 5.3.2 Full-Resolution Frame-Compatible Layer Approach 146 5.4 Video Plus Depth Coding 148 5.5 Multiple View Coding 156 5.6 Multi-View Video Plus Depth (MVD) Video 160 5.7 Layered Depth Video (LDV) 163 5.8 MPEG-4 BIFS and AFX 165 5.9 Free-View Point Video 166 References 167 6 Communication Networks 171 6.1 IP Networks 171 6.1.1 Packet Networks 171 6.1.2 Layered Network Protocols Architecture 172 6.2 Wireless Communications 174 6.2.1 Modulation 175 6.2.2 The Wireless Channel 177 6.2.3 Adaptive Modulation and Coding 191 6.3 Wireless Networking 193 6.4 4G Standards and Systems 193 6.4.1 Evolved Universal Terrestrial Radio Access Network (E-UTRAN) 195 6.4.2 Evolved Packet Core (EPC) 200 6.4.3 Long Term Evolution-Advance (LTE-A) 201 6.4.4 IEEE 802.16 - WiMAX 202 References 203 7 Quality of Experience 205 7.1 3D Artifacts 205 7.1.1 Fundamentals of 3D Human Visual System 205 7.1.2 Coordinate Transform for Camera and Display System 206 7.1.3 Keystone Distortion 211 7.1.4 Depth-Plane Curvature 212 7.1.5 Shear Distortion 212 7.1.6 Puppet-Theater Effect 213 7.1.7 Cardboard Effect 215 7.1.8 Asymmetries in Stereo Camera Rig 216 7.1.9 Crosstalk 217 7.1.10 Picket-Fence Effect and Lattice Artifacts 217 7.1.11 Hybrid DCT Lossy Compression Artifact 218 7.1.12 Depth Map Bleeding and Depth Ringing 219 7.1.13 Artifacts Introduced by Unreliable Communication Networks 219 7.1.14 Artifacts from New View Synthesis 219 7.1.15 Summary of 3D Artifacts 220 7.2 QoE Measurement 220 7.2.1 Subjective Evaluations 222 7.2.2 2D Image and Video QoE Measurement 226 7.2.3 3D Video HVS Based QoE Measurement 235 7.2.4 Postscript on Quality of Assessment 246 7.3 QoE Oriented System Design 247 7.3.1 Focus Cues and Perceptual Distortions 247 7.3.2 Visual Fatigue 249 References 250 8 3D Video over Networks 259 8.1 Transmission-Induced Error 259 8.2 Error Resilience 267 8.3 Error Concealment 270 8.4 Unequal Error Protection 275 8.5 Multiple Description Coding 279 8.6 Cross-Layer Design 282 References 286 9 3D Applications 289 9.1 Glass-Less Two-View Systems 289 9.1.1 Spatially Multiplexed Systems 290 9.1.2 Temporally Multiplexed Systems 290 9.2 3D Capture and Display Systems 291 9.3 Two-View Gaming Systems 294 9.4 3D Mobile 298 9.4.1 HTC EVO 3D 298 9.4.2 Mobile 3D Perception 299 9.5 Augmented Reality 302 9.5.1 Medical Visualization 304 9.5.2 Mobile Phone Applications 306 References 309 10 Advanced 3D Video Streaming Applications 313 10.1 Rate Control in Adaptive Streaming 313 10.1.1 Fundamentals of Rate Control 313 10.1.2 Two-View Stereo Video Streaming 318 10.1.3 MVC Streaming 318 10.1.4 MVD Streaming 319 10.2 Multi-View Video View Switching 321 10.3 Peer-to-Peer 3D Video Streaming 325 10.4 3D Video Broadcasting 328 10.5 3D Video over 4G Networks 329 References 331 Index 335
Record Nr. UNINA-9910208831703321
Su Guan-Ming  
Chichester, West Sussex, United Kingdom : , : John Wiley & Sons Inc., , 2013
Materiale a stampa
Lo trovi qui: Univ. Federico II
Opac: Controlla la disponibilità qui
3D visual communications / / Guan-Ming Su, Dolby Labs, California, USA [and three others]
3D visual communications / / Guan-Ming Su, Dolby Labs, California, USA [and three others]
Autore Su Guan-Ming
Edizione [1st edition]
Pubbl/distr/stampa Chichester, West Sussex, United Kingdom : , : John Wiley & Sons Inc., , 2013
Descrizione fisica 1 online resource (xiv, 342 pages ) : illustrations (black and white)
Disciplina 006.7
Altri autori (Persone) LaiYu-Chi
KwasinskiAndres
WangHaohong <1973->
Soggetto topico Multimedia communications
Three-dimensional display systems
ISBN 1-299-18805-2
1-118-35802-3
1-118-35803-1
1-118-35805-8
Formato Materiale a stampa
Livello bibliografico Monografia
Lingua di pubblicazione eng
Nota di contenuto Preface ix About the Authors xiii 1 Introduction 1 1.1 Why 3D Communications? 1 1.2 End-to-End 3D Visual Ecosystem 3 1.2.1 3D Modeling and Representation 5 1.2.2 3D Content Creation 6 1.2.3 3D Video Compression 7 1.2.4 3D Content Delivery 8 1.2.5 3D Display 9 1.2.6 3D QoE 9 1.3 3D Visual Communications 10 1.4 Challenges and Opportunities 11 References 15 2 3D Graphics and Rendering 17 2.1 3DTV Content Processing Procedure 19 2.2 3D Scene Representation with Explicit Geometry - Geometry Based Representation 22 2.2.1 Surface Based Representation 23 2.2.2 Point Based Representation 37 2.2.3 Point Based Construction 38 2.2.4 Point Based Compression and Encoding for Transmission 38 2.2.5 Point Based Rendering: Splatting 39 2.2.6 Volumetric Representation 40 2.2.7 Volumetric Construction 40 2.2.8 Volumetric Compression and Encoding for Transmission 41 2.2.9 Volumetric Rendering 42 2.3 3D Scene Representation without Geometry - Image-Based Representation 43 2.3.1 Plenoptic Function 43 2.3.2 Single Texture Representation 46 2.3.3 Multiple Texture Representation 48 2.3.4 Image Based Animation 51 2.4 3D Scene Representation with Implicit Geometry - Depth-Image-Based Representation 51 2.4.1 History of Depth-Image-Based Representation 52 2.4.2 Fundamental Concept Depth-Image-Based Representation 53 2.4.3 Depth Construction 56 2.4.4 Depth-Image-Based Animation 57 References 57 3 3D Display Systems 63 3.1 Depth Cues and Applications to 3D Display 63 3.1.1 Monocular Depth Cues 63 3.1.2 Binocular Depth Cues 64 3.2 Stereoscopic Display 65 3.2.1 Wavelength Division (Color) Multiplexing 65 3.2.2 Polarization Multiplexing 69 3.2.3 Time Multiplexing 69 3.3 Autostereoscopic Display 71 3.3.1 Occlusion-Based Approach 71 3.3.2 Refraction-Based Approach 75 3.4 Multi-View System 78 3.4.1 Head Tracking Enabled Multi-View Display 79 3.4.2 Automultiscopic 79 3.5 Recent Advances in Hologram System Study 83 References 84 4 3D Content Creation 85 4.1 3D Scene Modeling and Creation 85 4.1.1 Geometry-Based Modeling 86 4.1.2 Image-Based Modeling 86 4.1.3 Hybrid Approaches 87 4.2 3D Content Capturing 87 4.2.1 Stereo Camera 87 4.2.2 Depth Camera 88 4.2.3 Multi-View Camera 88 4.2.4 3D Capturing with Monoscopic Camera 89 4.3 2D-to-3D Video Conversion 101 4.3.1 Automatic 2D-to-3D Conversion 103 4.3.2 Interactive 2D-to-3D Conversion 111 4.3.3 Showcase of 3D Conversion System Design 112 4.4 3D Multi-View Generation 125 References 126 5 3D Video Coding and Standards 129 5.1 Fundamentals of Video Coding 129 5.2 Two-View Stereo Video Coding 142 5.2.1 Individual View Coding 142 5.2.2 Inter-View Prediction Stereo Video Coding 143 5.3 Frame-Compatible Stereo Coding 144 5.3.1 Half-Resolution Frame-Compatible Stereo Coding 144 5.3.2 Full-Resolution Frame-Compatible Layer Approach 146 5.4 Video Plus Depth Coding 148 5.5 Multiple View Coding 156 5.6 Multi-View Video Plus Depth (MVD) Video 160 5.7 Layered Depth Video (LDV) 163 5.8 MPEG-4 BIFS and AFX 165 5.9 Free-View Point Video 166 References 167 6 Communication Networks 171 6.1 IP Networks 171 6.1.1 Packet Networks 171 6.1.2 Layered Network Protocols Architecture 172 6.2 Wireless Communications 174 6.2.1 Modulation 175 6.2.2 The Wireless Channel 177 6.2.3 Adaptive Modulation and Coding 191 6.3 Wireless Networking 193 6.4 4G Standards and Systems 193 6.4.1 Evolved Universal Terrestrial Radio Access Network (E-UTRAN) 195 6.4.2 Evolved Packet Core (EPC) 200 6.4.3 Long Term Evolution-Advance (LTE-A) 201 6.4.4 IEEE 802.16 - WiMAX 202 References 203 7 Quality of Experience 205 7.1 3D Artifacts 205 7.1.1 Fundamentals of 3D Human Visual System 205 7.1.2 Coordinate Transform for Camera and Display System 206 7.1.3 Keystone Distortion 211 7.1.4 Depth-Plane Curvature 212 7.1.5 Shear Distortion 212 7.1.6 Puppet-Theater Effect 213 7.1.7 Cardboard Effect 215 7.1.8 Asymmetries in Stereo Camera Rig 216 7.1.9 Crosstalk 217 7.1.10 Picket-Fence Effect and Lattice Artifacts 217 7.1.11 Hybrid DCT Lossy Compression Artifact 218 7.1.12 Depth Map Bleeding and Depth Ringing 219 7.1.13 Artifacts Introduced by Unreliable Communication Networks 219 7.1.14 Artifacts from New View Synthesis 219 7.1.15 Summary of 3D Artifacts 220 7.2 QoE Measurement 220 7.2.1 Subjective Evaluations 222 7.2.2 2D Image and Video QoE Measurement 226 7.2.3 3D Video HVS Based QoE Measurement 235 7.2.4 Postscript on Quality of Assessment 246 7.3 QoE Oriented System Design 247 7.3.1 Focus Cues and Perceptual Distortions 247 7.3.2 Visual Fatigue 249 References 250 8 3D Video over Networks 259 8.1 Transmission-Induced Error 259 8.2 Error Resilience 267 8.3 Error Concealment 270 8.4 Unequal Error Protection 275 8.5 Multiple Description Coding 279 8.6 Cross-Layer Design 282 References 286 9 3D Applications 289 9.1 Glass-Less Two-View Systems 289 9.1.1 Spatially Multiplexed Systems 290 9.1.2 Temporally Multiplexed Systems 290 9.2 3D Capture and Display Systems 291 9.3 Two-View Gaming Systems 294 9.4 3D Mobile 298 9.4.1 HTC EVO 3D 298 9.4.2 Mobile 3D Perception 299 9.5 Augmented Reality 302 9.5.1 Medical Visualization 304 9.5.2 Mobile Phone Applications 306 References 309 10 Advanced 3D Video Streaming Applications 313 10.1 Rate Control in Adaptive Streaming 313 10.1.1 Fundamentals of Rate Control 313 10.1.2 Two-View Stereo Video Streaming 318 10.1.3 MVC Streaming 318 10.1.4 MVD Streaming 319 10.2 Multi-View Video View Switching 321 10.3 Peer-to-Peer 3D Video Streaming 325 10.4 3D Video Broadcasting 328 10.5 3D Video over 4G Networks 329 References 331 Index 335
Record Nr. UNINA-9910830765103321
Su Guan-Ming  
Chichester, West Sussex, United Kingdom : , : John Wiley & Sons Inc., , 2013
Materiale a stampa
Lo trovi qui: Univ. Federico II
Opac: Controlla la disponibilità qui
4G wireless video communications / / Haohong Wang ... [et al.]
4G wireless video communications / / Haohong Wang ... [et al.]
Autore Wang Haohong
Edizione [1st edition]
Pubbl/distr/stampa Chichester, U.K. : , : Wiley, , 2009
Descrizione fisica 1 online resource (422 p.)
Disciplina 621.384
Altri autori (Persone) WangHaohong <1973->
Collana Wireless communications and mobile computing
Soggetto topico Multimedia communications
Wireless communication systems
Video telephone
ISBN 1-282-68155-9
9786612681554
0-470-74516-9
0-470-74517-7
Formato Materiale a stampa
Livello bibliografico Monografia
Lingua di pubblicazione eng
Nota di contenuto -- Forward xiii -- Preface xv -- About the Authors xxi -- About the Series Editors xxv -- 1 Introduction 1 -- 1.1 Why 4G? 1 -- 1.2 4G Status and Key Technologies 3 -- 1.2.1 3GPP LTE 3 -- 1.2.2 Mobile WiMAX 4 -- 1.3 Video Over Wireless 5 -- 1.3.1 Video Compression Basics 5 -- 1.3.2 Video Coding Standards 9 -- 1.3.3 Error Resilience 10 -- 1.3.4 Network Integration 12 -- 1.3.5 Cross-Layer Design for Wireless Video Delivery 14 -- 1.4 Challenges and Opportunities for 4G Wireless Video 15 -- References 17 -- 2 Wireless Communications and Networking 19 -- 2.1 Characteristics and Modeling of Wireless Channels 19 -- 2.1.1 Degradation in Radio Propagation 19 -- 2.1.2 Rayleigh Fading Channel 20 -- 2.2 Adaptive Modulation and Coding 23 -- 2.2.1 Basics of Modulation Schemes 23 -- 2.2.2 System Model of AMC 25 -- 2.2.3 Channel Quality Estimation and Prediction 26 -- 2.2.4 Modulation and Coding Parameter Adaptation 28 -- 2.2.5 Estimation Error and Delay in AMC 30 -- 2.2.6 Selection of Adaptation Interval 30 -- 2.3 Orthogonal Frequency Division Multiplexing 31 -- 2.3.1 Background 31 -- 2.3.2 System Model and Implementation 31 -- 2.3.3 Pros and Cons 33 -- 2.4 Multiple-Input Multiple-Output Systems 34 -- 2.4.1 MIMO System Model 34 -- 2.4.2 MIMO Capacity Gain: Multiplexing 35 -- 2.4.3 MIMO Diversity Gain: Beamforming 35 -- 2.4.4 Diversity-Multiplexing Trade-offs 35 -- 2.4.5 Space-Time Coding 36 -- 2.5 Cross-Layer Design of AMC and HARQ 37 -- 2.5.1 Background 38 -- 2.5.2 System Modeling 39 -- 2.5.3 Cross-Layer Design 41 -- 2.5.4 Performance Analysis 44 -- 2.5.5 Performance 45 -- 2.6 Wireless Networking 47 -- 2.6.1 Layering Network Architectures 48 -- 2.6.2 Network Service Models 50 -- 2.6.3 Multiplexing Methods 51 -- 2.6.4 Connection Management in IP-Based Data Networks 53 -- 2.6.5 QoS Handoff 54 -- 2.7 Summary 55 -- References 56 -- 3 Video Coding and Communications 59 -- 3.1 Digital Video Compression / Why and How Much? 59 -- 3.2 Basics 60 -- 3.2.1 Video Formats 60 -- 3.3 Information Theory 64.
3.3.1 Entropy and Mutual Information 65 -- 3.3.2 Encoding of an Information Source 66 -- 3.3.3 Variable Length Coding 68 -- 3.3.4 Quantization 71 -- 3.4 Encoder Architectures 73 -- 3.4.1 DPCM 73 -- 3.4.2 Hybrid Transform-DPCM Architecture 77 -- 3.4.3 A Typical Hybrid Transform DPCM-based Video Codec 79 -- 3.4.4 Motion Compensation 82 -- 3.4.5 DCT and Quantization 83 -- 3.4.6 Procedures Performed at the Decoder 84 -- 3.5 Wavelet-Based Video Compression 86 -- 3.5.1 Motion-Compensated Temporal Wavelet Transform Using Lifting 90 -- References 94 -- 4 4G Wireless Communications and Networking 97 -- 4.1 IMT-Advanced and 4G 97 -- 4.2 LTE 99 -- 4.2.1 Introduction 101 -- 4.2.2 Protocol Architecture 102 -- 4.2.3 LTE Layer 2 107 -- 4.2.4 The Evolution of Architecture 110 -- 4.2.5 LTE Standardization 110 -- 4.3 WIMAX-IEEE 802.16m 112 -- 4.3.1 Network Architecture 113 -- 4.3.2 System Reference Model 114 -- 4.3.3 Protocol Structure 114 -- 4.3.4 Other Functions Supported by IEEE 802.16m for Further Study 125 -- 4.4 3GPP2 UMB 125 -- 4.4.1 Architecture Reference Model 126 -- 4.4.2 Layering Architecture and Protocols 127 -- Acknowledgements 133 -- References 133 -- 5 Advanced Video Coding (AVC)/H.264 Standard 135 -- 5.1 Digital Video Compression Standards 135 -- 5.2 AVC/H.264 Coding Algorithm 138 -- 5.2.1 Temporal Prediction 139 -- 5.2.2 Spatial Prediction 147 -- 5.2.3 The Transform 148 -- 5.2.4 Quantization and Scaling 151 -- 5.2.5 Scanning 151 -- 5.2.6 Variable Length Lossless Codecs 152 -- 5.2.7 Deblocking Filter 155 -- 5.2.8 Hierarchy in the Coded Video 156 -- 5.2.9 Buffers 158 -- 5.2.10 Encapsulation/Packetization 159 -- 5.2.11 Profiles 160 -- 5.2.12 Levels 163 -- 5.2.13 Parameter Sets 167 -- 5.2.14 Supplemental Enhancement Information (SEI) 167 -- 5.2.15 Subjective Tests 168 -- References 168 -- 6 Content Analysis for Communications 171 -- 6.1 Introduction 171 -- 6.2 Content Analysis 173 -- 6.2.1 Low-Level Feature Extraction 174 -- 6.2.2 Image Segmentation 179 -- 6.2.3 Video Object Segmentation 185.
6.2.4 Video Structure Understanding 200 -- 6.2.5 Analysis Methods in Compressed Domain 208 -- 6.3 Content-Based Video Representation 209 -- 6.4 Content-Based Video Coding and Communications 212 -- 6.4.1 Object-Based Video Coding 212 -- 6.4.2 Error Resilience for Object-Based Video 215 -- 6.5 Content Description and Management 217 -- 6.5.1 MPEG-7 217 -- 6.5.2 MPEG-21 219 -- References 219 -- 7 Video Error Resilience and Error Concealment 223 -- 7.1 Introduction 223 -- 7.2 Error Resilience 224 -- 7.2.1 Resynchronization Markers 224 -- 7.2.2 Reversible Variable Length Coding (RVLC) 225 -- 7.2.3 Error-Resilient Entropy Coding (EREC) 226 -- 7.2.4 Independent Segment Decoding 228 -- 7.2.5 Insertion of Intra Blocks or Frames 228 -- 7.2.6 Scalable Coding 229 -- 7.2.7 Multiple Description Coding 230 -- 7.3 Channel Coding 232 -- 7.4 Error Concealment 234 -- 7.4.1 Intra Error Concealment Techniques 234 -- 7.4.2 Inter Error Concealment Techniques 234 -- 7.5 Error Resilience Features of H.264/AVC 236 -- 7.5.1 Picture Segmentation 236 -- 7.5.2 Intra Placement 236 -- 7.5.3 Reference Picture Selection 237 -- 7.5.4 Data Partitioning 237 -- 7.5.5 Parameter Sets 237 -- 7.5.6 Flexible Macroblock Ordering 238 -- 7.5.7 Redundant Slices (RSs) 239 -- References 239 -- 8 Cross-Layer Optimized Video Delivery over 4G Wireless Networks 241 -- 8.1 Why Cross-Layer Design? 241 -- 8.2 Quality-Driven Cross-Layer Framework 242 -- 8.3 Application Layer 244 -- 8.4 Rate Control at the Transport Layer 244 -- 8.4.1 Background 244 -- 8.4.2 System Model 246 -- 8.4.3 Network Setting 246 -- 8.4.4 Problem Formulation 248 -- 8.4.5 Problem Solution 248 -- 8.4.6 Performance Evaluation 249 -- 8.5 Routing at the Network Layer 252 -- 8.5.1 Background 252 -- 8.5.2 System Model 254 -- 8.5.3 Routing Metric 255 -- 8.5.4 Problem Formulation 257 -- 8.5.5 Problem Solution 258 -- 8.5.6 Implementation Considerations 262 -- 8.5.7 Performance Evaluation 263 -- 8.6 Content-Aware Real-Time Video Streaming 265 -- 8.6.1 Background 265.
8.6.2 Background 265 -- 8.6.3 Problem Formulation 266 -- 8.6.4 Routing Based on Priority Queuing 267 -- 8.6.5 Problem Solution 269 -- 8.6.6 Performance Evaluation 270 -- 8.7 Cross-Layer Optimization for Video Summary Transmission 272 -- 8.7.1 Background 272 -- 8.7.2 Problem Formulation 274 -- 8.7.3 System Model 276 -- 8.7.4 Link Adaptation for Good Content Coverage 278 -- 8.7.5 Problem Solution 280 -- 8.7.6 Performance Evaluation 283 -- 8.8 Conclusions 287 -- References 287 -- 9 Content-based Video Communications 291 -- 9.1 Network-Adaptive Video Object Encoding 291 -- 9.2 Joint Source Coding and Unequal Error Protection 294 -- 9.2.1 Problem Formulation 295 -- 9.2.2 Solution and Implementation Details 299 -- 9.2.3 Application on Energy-Efficient Wireless Network 301 -- 9.2.4 Application on Differentiated Services Networks 303 -- 9.3 Joint Source-Channel Coding with Utilization of Data Hiding 305 -- 9.3.1 Hiding Shape in Texture 308 -- 9.3.2 Joint Source-Channel Coding 309 -- 9.3.3 Joint Source-Channel Coding and Data Hiding 311 -- 9.3.4 Experimental Results 315 -- References 322 -- 10 AVC/H.264 Application / Digital TV 325 -- 10.1 Introduction 325 -- 10.1.1 Encoder Flexibility 326 -- 10.2 Random Access 326 -- 10.2.1 GOP Bazaar 327 -- 10.2.2 Buffers, Before and After 332 -- 10.3 Bitstream Splicing 335 -- 10.4 Trick Modes 337 -- 10.4.1 Fast Forward 338 -- 10.4.2 Reverse 338 -- 10.4.3 Pause 338 -- 10.5 Carriage of AVC/H.264 Over MPEG-2 Systems 338 -- 10.5.1 Packetization 339 -- 10.5.2 Audio Video Synchronization 344 -- 10.5.3 Transmitter and Receiver Clock Synchronization 344 -- 10.5.4 System Target Decoder and Timing Model 344 -- References 345 -- 11 Interactive Video Communications 347 -- 11.1 Video Conferencing and Telephony 347 -- 11.1.1 IP and Broadband Video Telephony 347 -- 11.1.2 Wireless Video Telephony 348 -- 11.1.3 3G-324M Protocol 348 -- 11.2 Region-of-Interest Video Communications 351 -- 11.2.1 ROI based Bit Allocation 351 -- 11.2.2 Content Adaptive Background Skipping 356.
References 366 -- 12 Wireless Video Streaming 369 -- 12.1 Introduction 369 -- 12.2 Streaming System Architecture 370 -- 12.2.1 Video Compression 370 -- 12.2.2 Application Layer QoS Control 372 -- 12.2.3 Protocols 374 -- 12.2.4 Video/Audio Synchronization 376 -- 12.3 Delay-Constrained Retransmission 377 -- 12.3.1 Receiver-Based Control 378 -- 12.3.2 Sender-Based Control 378 -- 12.3.3 Hybrid Control 379 -- 12.3.4 Rate-Distortion Optimal Retransmission 379 -- 12.4 Considerations for Wireless Video Streaming 382 -- 12.4.1 Cross-Layer Optimization and Physical Layer Consideration 383 -- 12.5 P2P Video Streaming 384 -- References 385 -- Index 389.
Record Nr. UNINA-9910143133003321
Wang Haohong  
Chichester, U.K. : , : Wiley, , 2009
Materiale a stampa
Lo trovi qui: Univ. Federico II
Opac: Controlla la disponibilità qui
4G wireless video communications / / Haohong Wang ... [et al.]
4G wireless video communications / / Haohong Wang ... [et al.]
Autore Wang Haohong
Edizione [1st edition]
Pubbl/distr/stampa Chichester, U.K. : , : Wiley, , 2009
Descrizione fisica 1 online resource (422 p.)
Disciplina 621.384
Altri autori (Persone) WangHaohong <1973->
Collana Wireless communications and mobile computing
Soggetto topico Multimedia communications
Wireless communication systems
Video telephone
ISBN 1-282-68155-9
9786612681554
0-470-74516-9
0-470-74517-7
Formato Materiale a stampa
Livello bibliografico Monografia
Lingua di pubblicazione eng
Nota di contenuto -- Forward xiii -- Preface xv -- About the Authors xxi -- About the Series Editors xxv -- 1 Introduction 1 -- 1.1 Why 4G? 1 -- 1.2 4G Status and Key Technologies 3 -- 1.2.1 3GPP LTE 3 -- 1.2.2 Mobile WiMAX 4 -- 1.3 Video Over Wireless 5 -- 1.3.1 Video Compression Basics 5 -- 1.3.2 Video Coding Standards 9 -- 1.3.3 Error Resilience 10 -- 1.3.4 Network Integration 12 -- 1.3.5 Cross-Layer Design for Wireless Video Delivery 14 -- 1.4 Challenges and Opportunities for 4G Wireless Video 15 -- References 17 -- 2 Wireless Communications and Networking 19 -- 2.1 Characteristics and Modeling of Wireless Channels 19 -- 2.1.1 Degradation in Radio Propagation 19 -- 2.1.2 Rayleigh Fading Channel 20 -- 2.2 Adaptive Modulation and Coding 23 -- 2.2.1 Basics of Modulation Schemes 23 -- 2.2.2 System Model of AMC 25 -- 2.2.3 Channel Quality Estimation and Prediction 26 -- 2.2.4 Modulation and Coding Parameter Adaptation 28 -- 2.2.5 Estimation Error and Delay in AMC 30 -- 2.2.6 Selection of Adaptation Interval 30 -- 2.3 Orthogonal Frequency Division Multiplexing 31 -- 2.3.1 Background 31 -- 2.3.2 System Model and Implementation 31 -- 2.3.3 Pros and Cons 33 -- 2.4 Multiple-Input Multiple-Output Systems 34 -- 2.4.1 MIMO System Model 34 -- 2.4.2 MIMO Capacity Gain: Multiplexing 35 -- 2.4.3 MIMO Diversity Gain: Beamforming 35 -- 2.4.4 Diversity-Multiplexing Trade-offs 35 -- 2.4.5 Space-Time Coding 36 -- 2.5 Cross-Layer Design of AMC and HARQ 37 -- 2.5.1 Background 38 -- 2.5.2 System Modeling 39 -- 2.5.3 Cross-Layer Design 41 -- 2.5.4 Performance Analysis 44 -- 2.5.5 Performance 45 -- 2.6 Wireless Networking 47 -- 2.6.1 Layering Network Architectures 48 -- 2.6.2 Network Service Models 50 -- 2.6.3 Multiplexing Methods 51 -- 2.6.4 Connection Management in IP-Based Data Networks 53 -- 2.6.5 QoS Handoff 54 -- 2.7 Summary 55 -- References 56 -- 3 Video Coding and Communications 59 -- 3.1 Digital Video Compression / Why and How Much? 59 -- 3.2 Basics 60 -- 3.2.1 Video Formats 60 -- 3.3 Information Theory 64.
3.3.1 Entropy and Mutual Information 65 -- 3.3.2 Encoding of an Information Source 66 -- 3.3.3 Variable Length Coding 68 -- 3.3.4 Quantization 71 -- 3.4 Encoder Architectures 73 -- 3.4.1 DPCM 73 -- 3.4.2 Hybrid Transform-DPCM Architecture 77 -- 3.4.3 A Typical Hybrid Transform DPCM-based Video Codec 79 -- 3.4.4 Motion Compensation 82 -- 3.4.5 DCT and Quantization 83 -- 3.4.6 Procedures Performed at the Decoder 84 -- 3.5 Wavelet-Based Video Compression 86 -- 3.5.1 Motion-Compensated Temporal Wavelet Transform Using Lifting 90 -- References 94 -- 4 4G Wireless Communications and Networking 97 -- 4.1 IMT-Advanced and 4G 97 -- 4.2 LTE 99 -- 4.2.1 Introduction 101 -- 4.2.2 Protocol Architecture 102 -- 4.2.3 LTE Layer 2 107 -- 4.2.4 The Evolution of Architecture 110 -- 4.2.5 LTE Standardization 110 -- 4.3 WIMAX-IEEE 802.16m 112 -- 4.3.1 Network Architecture 113 -- 4.3.2 System Reference Model 114 -- 4.3.3 Protocol Structure 114 -- 4.3.4 Other Functions Supported by IEEE 802.16m for Further Study 125 -- 4.4 3GPP2 UMB 125 -- 4.4.1 Architecture Reference Model 126 -- 4.4.2 Layering Architecture and Protocols 127 -- Acknowledgements 133 -- References 133 -- 5 Advanced Video Coding (AVC)/H.264 Standard 135 -- 5.1 Digital Video Compression Standards 135 -- 5.2 AVC/H.264 Coding Algorithm 138 -- 5.2.1 Temporal Prediction 139 -- 5.2.2 Spatial Prediction 147 -- 5.2.3 The Transform 148 -- 5.2.4 Quantization and Scaling 151 -- 5.2.5 Scanning 151 -- 5.2.6 Variable Length Lossless Codecs 152 -- 5.2.7 Deblocking Filter 155 -- 5.2.8 Hierarchy in the Coded Video 156 -- 5.2.9 Buffers 158 -- 5.2.10 Encapsulation/Packetization 159 -- 5.2.11 Profiles 160 -- 5.2.12 Levels 163 -- 5.2.13 Parameter Sets 167 -- 5.2.14 Supplemental Enhancement Information (SEI) 167 -- 5.2.15 Subjective Tests 168 -- References 168 -- 6 Content Analysis for Communications 171 -- 6.1 Introduction 171 -- 6.2 Content Analysis 173 -- 6.2.1 Low-Level Feature Extraction 174 -- 6.2.2 Image Segmentation 179 -- 6.2.3 Video Object Segmentation 185.
6.2.4 Video Structure Understanding 200 -- 6.2.5 Analysis Methods in Compressed Domain 208 -- 6.3 Content-Based Video Representation 209 -- 6.4 Content-Based Video Coding and Communications 212 -- 6.4.1 Object-Based Video Coding 212 -- 6.4.2 Error Resilience for Object-Based Video 215 -- 6.5 Content Description and Management 217 -- 6.5.1 MPEG-7 217 -- 6.5.2 MPEG-21 219 -- References 219 -- 7 Video Error Resilience and Error Concealment 223 -- 7.1 Introduction 223 -- 7.2 Error Resilience 224 -- 7.2.1 Resynchronization Markers 224 -- 7.2.2 Reversible Variable Length Coding (RVLC) 225 -- 7.2.3 Error-Resilient Entropy Coding (EREC) 226 -- 7.2.4 Independent Segment Decoding 228 -- 7.2.5 Insertion of Intra Blocks or Frames 228 -- 7.2.6 Scalable Coding 229 -- 7.2.7 Multiple Description Coding 230 -- 7.3 Channel Coding 232 -- 7.4 Error Concealment 234 -- 7.4.1 Intra Error Concealment Techniques 234 -- 7.4.2 Inter Error Concealment Techniques 234 -- 7.5 Error Resilience Features of H.264/AVC 236 -- 7.5.1 Picture Segmentation 236 -- 7.5.2 Intra Placement 236 -- 7.5.3 Reference Picture Selection 237 -- 7.5.4 Data Partitioning 237 -- 7.5.5 Parameter Sets 237 -- 7.5.6 Flexible Macroblock Ordering 238 -- 7.5.7 Redundant Slices (RSs) 239 -- References 239 -- 8 Cross-Layer Optimized Video Delivery over 4G Wireless Networks 241 -- 8.1 Why Cross-Layer Design? 241 -- 8.2 Quality-Driven Cross-Layer Framework 242 -- 8.3 Application Layer 244 -- 8.4 Rate Control at the Transport Layer 244 -- 8.4.1 Background 244 -- 8.4.2 System Model 246 -- 8.4.3 Network Setting 246 -- 8.4.4 Problem Formulation 248 -- 8.4.5 Problem Solution 248 -- 8.4.6 Performance Evaluation 249 -- 8.5 Routing at the Network Layer 252 -- 8.5.1 Background 252 -- 8.5.2 System Model 254 -- 8.5.3 Routing Metric 255 -- 8.5.4 Problem Formulation 257 -- 8.5.5 Problem Solution 258 -- 8.5.6 Implementation Considerations 262 -- 8.5.7 Performance Evaluation 263 -- 8.6 Content-Aware Real-Time Video Streaming 265 -- 8.6.1 Background 265.
8.6.2 Background 265 -- 8.6.3 Problem Formulation 266 -- 8.6.4 Routing Based on Priority Queuing 267 -- 8.6.5 Problem Solution 269 -- 8.6.6 Performance Evaluation 270 -- 8.7 Cross-Layer Optimization for Video Summary Transmission 272 -- 8.7.1 Background 272 -- 8.7.2 Problem Formulation 274 -- 8.7.3 System Model 276 -- 8.7.4 Link Adaptation for Good Content Coverage 278 -- 8.7.5 Problem Solution 280 -- 8.7.6 Performance Evaluation 283 -- 8.8 Conclusions 287 -- References 287 -- 9 Content-based Video Communications 291 -- 9.1 Network-Adaptive Video Object Encoding 291 -- 9.2 Joint Source Coding and Unequal Error Protection 294 -- 9.2.1 Problem Formulation 295 -- 9.2.2 Solution and Implementation Details 299 -- 9.2.3 Application on Energy-Efficient Wireless Network 301 -- 9.2.4 Application on Differentiated Services Networks 303 -- 9.3 Joint Source-Channel Coding with Utilization of Data Hiding 305 -- 9.3.1 Hiding Shape in Texture 308 -- 9.3.2 Joint Source-Channel Coding 309 -- 9.3.3 Joint Source-Channel Coding and Data Hiding 311 -- 9.3.4 Experimental Results 315 -- References 322 -- 10 AVC/H.264 Application / Digital TV 325 -- 10.1 Introduction 325 -- 10.1.1 Encoder Flexibility 326 -- 10.2 Random Access 326 -- 10.2.1 GOP Bazaar 327 -- 10.2.2 Buffers, Before and After 332 -- 10.3 Bitstream Splicing 335 -- 10.4 Trick Modes 337 -- 10.4.1 Fast Forward 338 -- 10.4.2 Reverse 338 -- 10.4.3 Pause 338 -- 10.5 Carriage of AVC/H.264 Over MPEG-2 Systems 338 -- 10.5.1 Packetization 339 -- 10.5.2 Audio Video Synchronization 344 -- 10.5.3 Transmitter and Receiver Clock Synchronization 344 -- 10.5.4 System Target Decoder and Timing Model 344 -- References 345 -- 11 Interactive Video Communications 347 -- 11.1 Video Conferencing and Telephony 347 -- 11.1.1 IP and Broadband Video Telephony 347 -- 11.1.2 Wireless Video Telephony 348 -- 11.1.3 3G-324M Protocol 348 -- 11.2 Region-of-Interest Video Communications 351 -- 11.2.1 ROI based Bit Allocation 351 -- 11.2.2 Content Adaptive Background Skipping 356.
References 366 -- 12 Wireless Video Streaming 369 -- 12.1 Introduction 369 -- 12.2 Streaming System Architecture 370 -- 12.2.1 Video Compression 370 -- 12.2.2 Application Layer QoS Control 372 -- 12.2.3 Protocols 374 -- 12.2.4 Video/Audio Synchronization 376 -- 12.3 Delay-Constrained Retransmission 377 -- 12.3.1 Receiver-Based Control 378 -- 12.3.2 Sender-Based Control 378 -- 12.3.3 Hybrid Control 379 -- 12.3.4 Rate-Distortion Optimal Retransmission 379 -- 12.4 Considerations for Wireless Video Streaming 382 -- 12.4.1 Cross-Layer Optimization and Physical Layer Consideration 383 -- 12.5 P2P Video Streaming 384 -- References 385 -- Index 389.
Record Nr. UNINA-9910831192603321
Wang Haohong  
Chichester, U.K. : , : Wiley, , 2009
Materiale a stampa
Lo trovi qui: Univ. Federico II
Opac: Controlla la disponibilità qui
4G wireless video communications / / Haohong Wang ... [et al.]
4G wireless video communications / / Haohong Wang ... [et al.]
Edizione [1st edition]
Pubbl/distr/stampa Chichester, U.K., : Wiley, 2009
Descrizione fisica 1 online resource (422 p.)
Disciplina 621.384
Altri autori (Persone) WangHaohong <1973->
Collana Wiley series on wireless communications and mobile computing
Soggetto topico Multimedia communications
Wireless communication systems
Video telephone
ISBN 1-282-68155-9
9786612681554
0-470-74516-9
0-470-74517-7
Formato Materiale a stampa
Livello bibliografico Monografia
Lingua di pubblicazione eng
Nota di contenuto -- Forward xiii -- Preface xv -- About the Authors xxi -- About the Series Editors xxv -- 1 Introduction 1 -- 1.1 Why 4G? 1 -- 1.2 4G Status and Key Technologies 3 -- 1.2.1 3GPP LTE 3 -- 1.2.2 Mobile WiMAX 4 -- 1.3 Video Over Wireless 5 -- 1.3.1 Video Compression Basics 5 -- 1.3.2 Video Coding Standards 9 -- 1.3.3 Error Resilience 10 -- 1.3.4 Network Integration 12 -- 1.3.5 Cross-Layer Design for Wireless Video Delivery 14 -- 1.4 Challenges and Opportunities for 4G Wireless Video 15 -- References 17 -- 2 Wireless Communications and Networking 19 -- 2.1 Characteristics and Modeling of Wireless Channels 19 -- 2.1.1 Degradation in Radio Propagation 19 -- 2.1.2 Rayleigh Fading Channel 20 -- 2.2 Adaptive Modulation and Coding 23 -- 2.2.1 Basics of Modulation Schemes 23 -- 2.2.2 System Model of AMC 25 -- 2.2.3 Channel Quality Estimation and Prediction 26 -- 2.2.4 Modulation and Coding Parameter Adaptation 28 -- 2.2.5 Estimation Error and Delay in AMC 30 -- 2.2.6 Selection of Adaptation Interval 30 -- 2.3 Orthogonal Frequency Division Multiplexing 31 -- 2.3.1 Background 31 -- 2.3.2 System Model and Implementation 31 -- 2.3.3 Pros and Cons 33 -- 2.4 Multiple-Input Multiple-Output Systems 34 -- 2.4.1 MIMO System Model 34 -- 2.4.2 MIMO Capacity Gain: Multiplexing 35 -- 2.4.3 MIMO Diversity Gain: Beamforming 35 -- 2.4.4 Diversity-Multiplexing Trade-offs 35 -- 2.4.5 Space-Time Coding 36 -- 2.5 Cross-Layer Design of AMC and HARQ 37 -- 2.5.1 Background 38 -- 2.5.2 System Modeling 39 -- 2.5.3 Cross-Layer Design 41 -- 2.5.4 Performance Analysis 44 -- 2.5.5 Performance 45 -- 2.6 Wireless Networking 47 -- 2.6.1 Layering Network Architectures 48 -- 2.6.2 Network Service Models 50 -- 2.6.3 Multiplexing Methods 51 -- 2.6.4 Connection Management in IP-Based Data Networks 53 -- 2.6.5 QoS Handoff 54 -- 2.7 Summary 55 -- References 56 -- 3 Video Coding and Communications 59 -- 3.1 Digital Video Compression / Why and How Much? 59 -- 3.2 Basics 60 -- 3.2.1 Video Formats 60 -- 3.3 Information Theory 64.
3.3.1 Entropy and Mutual Information 65 -- 3.3.2 Encoding of an Information Source 66 -- 3.3.3 Variable Length Coding 68 -- 3.3.4 Quantization 71 -- 3.4 Encoder Architectures 73 -- 3.4.1 DPCM 73 -- 3.4.2 Hybrid Transform-DPCM Architecture 77 -- 3.4.3 A Typical Hybrid Transform DPCM-based Video Codec 79 -- 3.4.4 Motion Compensation 82 -- 3.4.5 DCT and Quantization 83 -- 3.4.6 Procedures Performed at the Decoder 84 -- 3.5 Wavelet-Based Video Compression 86 -- 3.5.1 Motion-Compensated Temporal Wavelet Transform Using Lifting 90 -- References 94 -- 4 4G Wireless Communications and Networking 97 -- 4.1 IMT-Advanced and 4G 97 -- 4.2 LTE 99 -- 4.2.1 Introduction 101 -- 4.2.2 Protocol Architecture 102 -- 4.2.3 LTE Layer 2 107 -- 4.2.4 The Evolution of Architecture 110 -- 4.2.5 LTE Standardization 110 -- 4.3 WIMAX-IEEE 802.16m 112 -- 4.3.1 Network Architecture 113 -- 4.3.2 System Reference Model 114 -- 4.3.3 Protocol Structure 114 -- 4.3.4 Other Functions Supported by IEEE 802.16m for Further Study 125 -- 4.4 3GPP2 UMB 125 -- 4.4.1 Architecture Reference Model 126 -- 4.4.2 Layering Architecture and Protocols 127 -- Acknowledgements 133 -- References 133 -- 5 Advanced Video Coding (AVC)/H.264 Standard 135 -- 5.1 Digital Video Compression Standards 135 -- 5.2 AVC/H.264 Coding Algorithm 138 -- 5.2.1 Temporal Prediction 139 -- 5.2.2 Spatial Prediction 147 -- 5.2.3 The Transform 148 -- 5.2.4 Quantization and Scaling 151 -- 5.2.5 Scanning 151 -- 5.2.6 Variable Length Lossless Codecs 152 -- 5.2.7 Deblocking Filter 155 -- 5.2.8 Hierarchy in the Coded Video 156 -- 5.2.9 Buffers 158 -- 5.2.10 Encapsulation/Packetization 159 -- 5.2.11 Profiles 160 -- 5.2.12 Levels 163 -- 5.2.13 Parameter Sets 167 -- 5.2.14 Supplemental Enhancement Information (SEI) 167 -- 5.2.15 Subjective Tests 168 -- References 168 -- 6 Content Analysis for Communications 171 -- 6.1 Introduction 171 -- 6.2 Content Analysis 173 -- 6.2.1 Low-Level Feature Extraction 174 -- 6.2.2 Image Segmentation 179 -- 6.2.3 Video Object Segmentation 185.
6.2.4 Video Structure Understanding 200 -- 6.2.5 Analysis Methods in Compressed Domain 208 -- 6.3 Content-Based Video Representation 209 -- 6.4 Content-Based Video Coding and Communications 212 -- 6.4.1 Object-Based Video Coding 212 -- 6.4.2 Error Resilience for Object-Based Video 215 -- 6.5 Content Description and Management 217 -- 6.5.1 MPEG-7 217 -- 6.5.2 MPEG-21 219 -- References 219 -- 7 Video Error Resilience and Error Concealment 223 -- 7.1 Introduction 223 -- 7.2 Error Resilience 224 -- 7.2.1 Resynchronization Markers 224 -- 7.2.2 Reversible Variable Length Coding (RVLC) 225 -- 7.2.3 Error-Resilient Entropy Coding (EREC) 226 -- 7.2.4 Independent Segment Decoding 228 -- 7.2.5 Insertion of Intra Blocks or Frames 228 -- 7.2.6 Scalable Coding 229 -- 7.2.7 Multiple Description Coding 230 -- 7.3 Channel Coding 232 -- 7.4 Error Concealment 234 -- 7.4.1 Intra Error Concealment Techniques 234 -- 7.4.2 Inter Error Concealment Techniques 234 -- 7.5 Error Resilience Features of H.264/AVC 236 -- 7.5.1 Picture Segmentation 236 -- 7.5.2 Intra Placement 236 -- 7.5.3 Reference Picture Selection 237 -- 7.5.4 Data Partitioning 237 -- 7.5.5 Parameter Sets 237 -- 7.5.6 Flexible Macroblock Ordering 238 -- 7.5.7 Redundant Slices (RSs) 239 -- References 239 -- 8 Cross-Layer Optimized Video Delivery over 4G Wireless Networks 241 -- 8.1 Why Cross-Layer Design? 241 -- 8.2 Quality-Driven Cross-Layer Framework 242 -- 8.3 Application Layer 244 -- 8.4 Rate Control at the Transport Layer 244 -- 8.4.1 Background 244 -- 8.4.2 System Model 246 -- 8.4.3 Network Setting 246 -- 8.4.4 Problem Formulation 248 -- 8.4.5 Problem Solution 248 -- 8.4.6 Performance Evaluation 249 -- 8.5 Routing at the Network Layer 252 -- 8.5.1 Background 252 -- 8.5.2 System Model 254 -- 8.5.3 Routing Metric 255 -- 8.5.4 Problem Formulation 257 -- 8.5.5 Problem Solution 258 -- 8.5.6 Implementation Considerations 262 -- 8.5.7 Performance Evaluation 263 -- 8.6 Content-Aware Real-Time Video Streaming 265 -- 8.6.1 Background 265.
8.6.2 Background 265 -- 8.6.3 Problem Formulation 266 -- 8.6.4 Routing Based on Priority Queuing 267 -- 8.6.5 Problem Solution 269 -- 8.6.6 Performance Evaluation 270 -- 8.7 Cross-Layer Optimization for Video Summary Transmission 272 -- 8.7.1 Background 272 -- 8.7.2 Problem Formulation 274 -- 8.7.3 System Model 276 -- 8.7.4 Link Adaptation for Good Content Coverage 278 -- 8.7.5 Problem Solution 280 -- 8.7.6 Performance Evaluation 283 -- 8.8 Conclusions 287 -- References 287 -- 9 Content-based Video Communications 291 -- 9.1 Network-Adaptive Video Object Encoding 291 -- 9.2 Joint Source Coding and Unequal Error Protection 294 -- 9.2.1 Problem Formulation 295 -- 9.2.2 Solution and Implementation Details 299 -- 9.2.3 Application on Energy-Efficient Wireless Network 301 -- 9.2.4 Application on Differentiated Services Networks 303 -- 9.3 Joint Source-Channel Coding with Utilization of Data Hiding 305 -- 9.3.1 Hiding Shape in Texture 308 -- 9.3.2 Joint Source-Channel Coding 309 -- 9.3.3 Joint Source-Channel Coding and Data Hiding 311 -- 9.3.4 Experimental Results 315 -- References 322 -- 10 AVC/H.264 Application / Digital TV 325 -- 10.1 Introduction 325 -- 10.1.1 Encoder Flexibility 326 -- 10.2 Random Access 326 -- 10.2.1 GOP Bazaar 327 -- 10.2.2 Buffers, Before and After 332 -- 10.3 Bitstream Splicing 335 -- 10.4 Trick Modes 337 -- 10.4.1 Fast Forward 338 -- 10.4.2 Reverse 338 -- 10.4.3 Pause 338 -- 10.5 Carriage of AVC/H.264 Over MPEG-2 Systems 338 -- 10.5.1 Packetization 339 -- 10.5.2 Audio Video Synchronization 344 -- 10.5.3 Transmitter and Receiver Clock Synchronization 344 -- 10.5.4 System Target Decoder and Timing Model 344 -- References 345 -- 11 Interactive Video Communications 347 -- 11.1 Video Conferencing and Telephony 347 -- 11.1.1 IP and Broadband Video Telephony 347 -- 11.1.2 Wireless Video Telephony 348 -- 11.1.3 3G-324M Protocol 348 -- 11.2 Region-of-Interest Video Communications 351 -- 11.2.1 ROI based Bit Allocation 351 -- 11.2.2 Content Adaptive Background Skipping 356.
References 366 -- 12 Wireless Video Streaming 369 -- 12.1 Introduction 369 -- 12.2 Streaming System Architecture 370 -- 12.2.1 Video Compression 370 -- 12.2.2 Application Layer QoS Control 372 -- 12.2.3 Protocols 374 -- 12.2.4 Video/Audio Synchronization 376 -- 12.3 Delay-Constrained Retransmission 377 -- 12.3.1 Receiver-Based Control 378 -- 12.3.2 Sender-Based Control 378 -- 12.3.3 Hybrid Control 379 -- 12.3.4 Rate-Distortion Optimal Retransmission 379 -- 12.4 Considerations for Wireless Video Streaming 382 -- 12.4.1 Cross-Layer Optimization and Physical Layer Consideration 383 -- 12.5 P2P Video Streaming 384 -- References 385 -- Index 389.
Record Nr. UNINA-9910878070203321
Chichester, U.K., : Wiley, 2009
Materiale a stampa
Lo trovi qui: Univ. Federico II
Opac: Controlla la disponibilità qui