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Cover -- Title Page -- Copyright Page -- Dedication -- Contents -- Preface -- Acknowledgments -- Acknowledgments for the Global Edition -- 1 Introduction to Statistics and Data Analysis -- 1.1 Overview: Statistical Inference, Samples, Populations, and the Role of Probability -- 1.2 Sampling Procedures -- Collection of Data -- 1.3 Measures of Location: The Sample Mean and Median -- Exercises -- 1.4 Measures of Variability -- Exercises -- 1.5 Discrete and Continuous Data -- 1.6 Statistical Modeling, Scientific Inspection, and Graphical Diagnostics -- 1.7 General Types of Statistical Studies: Designed Experiment, Observational Study, and Retrospective Study -- Exercises -- 2 Probability -- 2.1 Sample Space -- 2.2 Events -- Exercises -- 2.3 Counting Sample Points -- Exercises -- 2.4 Probability of an Event -- 2.5 Additive Rules -- Exercises -- 2.6 Conditional Probability, Independence, and the Product Rule -- Exercises -- 2.7 Bayes' Rule -- Exercises -- Review Exercises -- 2.8 Potential Misconceptions and Hazards -- Relationship to Material in Other Chapters -- 3 Random Variables and Probability Distributions -- 3.1 Concept of a Random Variable -- 3.2 Discrete Probability Distributions -- 3.3 Continuous Probability Distributions -- Exercises -- 3.4 Joint Probability Distributions -- Exercises -- Review Exercises -- 3.5 Potential Misconceptions and Hazards -- Relationship to Material in Other Chapters -- 4 Mathematical Expectation -- 4.1 Mean of a Random Variable -- Exercises -- 4.2 Variance and Covariance of Random Variables -- Exercises -- 4.3 Means and Variances of Linear Combinations of Random Variables -- 4.4 Chebyshev's Theorem -- Exercises -- Review Exercises -- 4.5 Potential Misconceptions and Hazards -- Relationship to Material in Other Chapters -- 5 Some Discrete Probability Distributions -- 5.1 Introduction and Motivation.
5.2 Binomial and Multinomial Distributions -- Exercises -- 5.3 Hypergeometric Distribution -- Exercises -- 5.4 Negative Binomial and Geometric Distributions -- 5.5 Poisson Distribution and the Poisson Process -- Exercises -- Review Exercises -- 5.6 Potential Misconceptions and Hazards -- Relationship to Material in Other Chapters -- 6 Some Continuous Probability Distributions -- 6.1 Continuous Uniform Distribution -- 6.2 Normal Distribution -- 6.3 Areas under the Normal Curve -- 6.4 Applications of the Normal Distribution -- Exercises -- 6.5 Normal Approximation to the Binomial -- Exercises -- 6.6 Gamma and Exponential Distributions -- 6.7 Chi-Squared Distribution -- 6.8 Beta Distribution -- 6.9 Lognormal Distribution -- 6.10 Weibull Distribution (Optional) -- Exercises -- Review Exercises -- 6.11 Potential Misconceptions and Hazards -- Relationship to Material in Other Chapters -- 7 Functions of Random Variables (Optional) -- 7.1 Introduction -- 7.2 Transformations of Variables -- 7.3 Moments and Moment-Generating Functions -- Exercises -- 8 Fundamental Sampling Distributions and Data Descriptions -- 8.1 Random Sampling -- 8.2 Some Important Statistics -- Exercises -- 8.3 Sampling Distributions -- 8.4 Sampling Distribution of Means and the Central Limit Theorem -- Exercises -- 8.5 Sampling Distribution of S2 -- 8.6 t-Distribution -- 8.7 F-Distribution -- 8.8 Quantile and Probability Plots -- Exercises -- Review Exercises -- 8.9 Potential Misconceptions and Hazards -- Relationship to Material in Other Chapters -- 9 One- and Two-Sample Estimation Problems -- 9.1 Introduction -- 9.2 Statistical Inference -- 9.3 Classical Methods of Estimation -- 9.4 Single Sample: Estimating the Mean -- 9.5 Standard Error of a Point Estimate -- 9.6 Prediction Intervals -- 9.7 Tolerance Limits -- Exercises -- 9.8 Two Samples: Estimating the Difference between Two Means.
9.9 Paired Observations -- Exercises -- 9.10 Single Sample: Estimating a Proportion -- 9.11 Two Samples: Estimating the Difference between Two Proportions -- Exercises -- 9.12 Single Sample: Estimating the Variance -- 9.13 Two Samples: Estimating the Ratio of Two Variances -- Exercises -- 9.14 Maximum Likelihood Estimation (Optional) -- Exercises -- Review Exercises -- 9.15 Potential Misconceptions and Hazards -- Relationship to Material in Other Chapters -- 10 One- and Two-Sample Tests of Hypotheses -- 10.1 Statistical Hypotheses: General Concepts -- 10.2 Testing a Statistical Hypothesis -- 10.3 The Use of P-Values for Decision Making in Testing Hypotheses -- Exercises -- 10.4 Single Sample: Tests Concerning a Single Mean -- 10.5 Two Samples: Tests on Two Means -- 10.6 Choice of Sample Size for Testing Means -- 10.7 Graphical Methods for Comparing Means -- Exercises -- 10.8 One Sample: Test on a Single Proportion -- 10.9 Two Samples: Tests on Two Proportions -- Exercises -- 10.10 One- and Two-Sample Tests Concerning Variances -- Exercises -- 10.11 Goodness-of-Fit Test -- 10.12 Test for Independence (Categorical Data) -- 10.13 Test for Homogeneity -- 10.14 Two-Sample Case Study -- Exercises -- Review Exercises -- 10.15 Potential Misconceptions and Hazards -- Relationship to Material in Other Chapters -- 11 Simple Linear Regression and Correlation -- 11.1 Introduction to Linear Regression -- 11.2 The Simple Linear Regression Model -- 11.3 Least Squares and the Fitted Model -- Exercises -- 11.4 Properties of the Least Squares Estimators -- 11.5 Inferences Concerning the Regression Coefficients -- 11.6 Prediction -- Exercises -- 11.7 Choice of a Regression Model -- 11.8 Analysis-of-Variance Approach -- 11.9 Test for Linearity of Regression: Data with Repeated Observations -- Exercises -- 11.10 Data Plots and Transformations.
11.11 Simple Linear Regression Case Study -- 11.12 Correlation -- Exercises -- Review Exercises -- 11.13 Potential Misconceptions and Hazards -- Relationship to Material in Other Chapters -- 12 Multiple Linear Regression and Certain Nonlinear Regression Models -- 12.1 Introduction -- 12.2 Estimating the Coefficients -- 12.3 Linear Regression Model Using Matrices -- Exercises -- 12.4 Properties of the Least Squares Estimators -- 12.5 Inferences in Multiple Linear Regression -- Exercises -- 12.6 Choice of a Fitted Model through Hypothesis Testing -- 12.7 Special Case of Orthogonality (Optional) -- Exercises -- 12.8 Categorical or Indicator Variables -- Exercises -- 12.9 Sequential Methods for Model Selection -- 12.10 Study of Residuals and Violation of Assumptions (Model Checking) -- 12.11 Cross Validation, Cp, and Other Criteria for Model Selection -- Exercises -- 12.12 Special Nonlinear Models for Nonideal Conditions -- Exercises -- Review Exercises -- 12.13 Potential Misconceptions and Hazards -- Relationship to Material in Other Chapters -- 13 One-Factor Experiments: General -- 13.1 Analysis-of-Variance Technique -- 13.2 The Strategy of Experimental Design -- 13.3 One-Way Analysis of Variance: Completely Randomized Design (One-Way ANOVA) -- 13.4 Tests for the Equality of Several Variances -- Exercises -- 13.5 Single-Degree-of-Freedom Comparisons -- 13.6 Multiple Comparisons -- Exercises -- 13.7 Comparing a Set of Treatments in Blocks -- 13.8 Randomized Complete Block Designs -- 13.9 Graphical Methods and Model Checking -- 13.10 Data Transformations in Analysis of Variance -- Exercises -- 13.11 Random Effects Models -- 13.12 Case Study -- Exercises -- Review Exercises -- 13.13 Potential Misconceptions and Hazards -- Relationship to Material in Other Chapters -- 14 Factorial Experiments (Two or More Factors) -- 14.1 Introduction.
14.2 Interaction in the Two-Factor Experiment -- 14.3 Two-Factor Analysis of Variance -- Exercises -- 14.4 Three-Factor Experiments -- Exercises -- 14.5 Factorial Experiments for Random Effects and Mixed Models -- Exercises -- Review Exercises -- 14.6 Potential Misconceptions and Hazards -- Relationship to Material in Other Chapters -- 15 2k Factorial Experiments and Fractions -- 15.1 Introduction -- 15.2 The 2k Factorial: Calculation of Effects and Analysis of Variance -- 15.3 Nonreplicated 2k Factorial Experiment -- Exercises -- 15.4 Factorial Experiments in a Regression Setting -- 15.5 The Orthogonal Design -- Exercises -- 15.6 Fractional Factorial Experiments -- 15.7 Analysis of Fractional Factorial Experiments -- Exercises -- 15.8 Higher Fractions and Screening Designs -- 15.9 Construction of Resolution III and IV Designs with 8, 16, and 32 Design Points -- 15.10 Other Two-Level Resolution III Designs -- The Plackett-Burman Designs -- 15.11 Introduction to Response Surface Methodology -- 15.12 Robust Parameter Design -- Exercises -- Review Exercises -- 15.13 Potential Misconceptions and Hazards -- Relationship to Material in Other Chapters -- 16 Nonparametric Statistics -- 16.1 Nonparametric Tests -- 16.2 Signed-Rank Test -- Exercises -- 16.3 Wilcoxon Rank-Sum Test -- 16.4 Kruskal-Wallis Test -- Exercises -- 16.5 Runs Test -- 16.6 Tolerance Limits -- 16.7 Rank Correlation Coefficient -- Exercises -- Review Exercises -- 17 Statistical Quality Control -- 17.1 Introduction -- 17.2 Nature of the Control Limits -- 17.3 Purposes of the Control Chart -- 17.4 Control Charts for Variables -- 17.5 Control Charts for Attributes -- 17.6 Cusum Control Charts -- Review Exercises -- 18 Bayesian Statistics -- 18.1 Bayesian Concepts -- 18.2 Bayesian Inferences -- 18.3 Bayes Estimates Using Decision Theory Framework -- Exercises -- Bibliography.
Appendix A: Statistical Tables and Proofs.
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Essentials of probability & statistics for engineers & scientists / / Ronald E. Walpole, 3 others
