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Clinical Biochemistry
| Clinical Biochemistry |
| Autore | Walker Simon W |
| Edizione | [9th ed.] |
| Pubbl/distr/stampa | New York : , : John Wiley & Sons, Incorporated, , 2013 |
| Descrizione fisica | 1 online resource (304 pages) |
| Disciplina | 616.07/56 |
| Altri autori (Persone) |
BeckettGeoffrey J
RaePeter AshbyPeter |
| Collana | Lecture Notes Ser. |
| Soggetto topico | Biochemical Phenomena |
| Soggetto genere / forma | Electronic books. |
| ISBN |
9781118272114
9781118272138 |
| Formato | Materiale a stampa  |
| Livello bibliografico | Monografia |
| Lingua di pubblicazione | eng |
| Nota di contenuto |
Intro -- Clinical Biochemistry: Lecture Notes -- Contents -- Preface -- List of abbreviations -- How to use your textbook -- About the companion website -- 1 Requesting and interpreting tests -- Introduction -- Collection of specimens -- The use of clinical biochemistry tests -- Point of care testing (POCT) (Table 1.5) -- Interpretation of clinical biochemistry tests -- Sources of variation intest results -- Analytical sources of variation -- Blunders -- Biological causes of variation -- How do results vary in health? -- How do results vary in disease? -- The assessment of diagnostic tests -- Audit in clinical biochemistry -- The audit process -- FURTHER READING -- Appendix 1.1: Screening for rare diseases -- 2 Disturbances of water, sodium and potassium balance -- Introduction -- Water and sodium balance -- Internal distribution of water and sodium -- Osmolality and tonicity -- Colloid osmotic pressure (oncotic pressure -- Regulation of external water balance -- Regulation of external sodium balance -- Disorders of water and sodium homeostasis -- Hyponatraemia -- Hypernatraemia -- Other chemical investigations influid balance disorders -- Blood specimens -- Urine specimens -- Potassium balance -- Abnormalities of plasma potassium concentration -- Hypokalaemia -- Hyperkalaemia -- Other investigations in disordered K+ metabolism -- Fluid and electrolyte balance in surgical patients -- Intravenous fluid administration -- FURTHER READING -- 3 Acid-base balance and oxygen transport -- Introduction -- Transport of carbondioxide -- Renal mechanisms for HCO3 reabsorption and H+ excretion -- Buffering of hydrogen ions -- Investigating acid-base balance -- Collection and transport of specimens -- Temperature effects -- Disturbances of acid-base status -- Respiratory acidosis -- Respiratory alkalosis -- Metabolic acidosis -- Metabolic alkalosis.
Interpretation of results of acid-base assessment -- Plasma [H+] is increased -- Plasma [H+] is decreased -- Plasma [H+] is normal -- Mixed acid-base disturbances -- Other investigations in acid-base assessment -- Total CO2 (reference range 24-30 mmol/L) -- Anion gap (reference range 10-20 mmol/L) -- Plasma chloride (reference range 95-107 mmol/L) -- Treatment of acid-base disturbances -- Oxygen transport -- Indications for full blood acid-base and oxygen measurements -- Respiratory insufficiency -- Type I: low PO2 with normal or low PCO2 -- Type II: low PO2 with high PCO2 -- Oxygen therapy -- FURTHER READING -- 4 Renal disease -- Introduction -- Impaired renal function -- Tests of glomerular function -- Measurement of creatinine clearance -- Estimation of creatinine clearance -- Plasma creatinine -- Creatinine clearance or plasma [creatinine]? -- Low plasma [creatinine] -- High plasma [creatinine] -- Plasma urea -- Tests of tubular function -- Urine osmolality and renal concentration tests -- Fluid deprivation test -- DDAVP test -- Urinary acidification tests -- Renal tubular acidosis -- Glycosuria -- The amino acidurias -- Fanconi syndrome -- Renal handling of sodium and potassium -- Sodium excretion -- Potassium excretion -- Acute kidney injury -- Chronic kidney disease -- Proteinuria -- Overflow proteinuria -- Glomerular proteinuria -- Nephrotic syndrome -- Glomerulonephritis -- Orthostatic proteinuria -- Tubular proteinuria -- Renal stones -- Hypercalciuria -- Oxalate, cystine and xanthine excretion -- Chemical investigations on patients with renal stones -- FURTHER READING -- 5 Disorders of calcium, phosphate and magnesium metabolism -- Calcium homeostasis -- Calcium balance -- Biological function of calcium -- Control of calcium metabolism -- Investigation of abnormal calcium metabolism -- Hypercalcaemia -- Primary hyperparathyroidism. Hypercalcaemia of malignancy -- Other causes of hypercalcaemia -- Hypocalcaemia -- Vitamin D deficiency -- Hypoparathyroidism -- Metabolic bone disease -- Markers of bone turnover -- Rickets and osteomalacia -- Osteoporosis -- Paget's disease -- Renal osteodystrophy -- Phosphate metabolism -- Hypo- and hyperphosphataemia -- Magnesium metabolism -- Hypomagnesaemia and magnesium deficiency -- Hypermagnesaemia -- 6 Diabetes mellitus and hypoglycaemia -- Glucose homeostasis -- Insulin secretion -- Diabetes mellitus -- Diagnosis -- Blood and plasma glucose -- Oral glucose tolerance test (OGTT) -- Impaired fasting glucose (IFG) and impaired glucose tolerance (IGT) -- Monitoring the treatment of diabetic patients -- Home blood glucose monitoring -- Glycated haemoglobin -- Glycated plasma proteins -- Microalbumin -- Metabolic complications of diabetes mellitus -- Diabetic ketoacidosis (DKA) -- Laboratory assessment and management of diabetic ketoacidosis -- Nonketotic, hyperglycaemic coma -- Hypoglycaemia -- Fasting hypoglycaemia -- Reactive or postprandial hypoglycaemia -- Insulinoma -- Other causes of fasting hypoglycaemia -- FURTHER READING -- 7 Disorders of the hypothalamus and pituitary -- Introduction -- The hypothalamus -- Anterior pituitary hormones -- Corticotrophin-releasing hormone and adrenocorticotrophic hormone -- Gonadotrophin-releasing hormone and the gonadotrophins luteinising hormone and follicle-stimulating hormone -- Thyrotrophin-releasing hormone and thyroid-stimulating hormone -- Growth hormone-releasing hormone and growth hormone -- Acromegaly and gigantism -- Prolactin -- Hyperprolactinaemia and its investigation -- Hyperprolactinaemia in psychiatric patients -- Endocrine changes in anorexia nervosa -- Anterior pituitary disease and its investigation -- Causes -- Investigation -- Treatment. Dynamic function tests - insulin stress test -- Monitoring treatment in hypopituitarism -- Monitoring hormone replacement therapy -- Posterior pituitary hormones -- Vasopressin -- 8 Abnormalities of thyroid function -- Introduction -- Thyroid hormone synthesis, action and metabolism -- Synthesis and metabolism -- Plasma transport and cellular action -- Regulation of thyroid function -- Investigations to determine thyroid status -- Selective use of thyroid function tests -- Interpreting results of thyroid function tests -- Hyperthyroidism -- Hypothyroidism -- T4 replacement therapy -- T4 replacement in subclinical hypothyroidism -- T4 therapy in central hypothyroidism (hypopituitarism) -- Situations in which thyroid function test results may be misleading -- Thyroid hormone resistance (THR) -- Causes of abnormal results for thyroid hormone measurements in euthyroid subjects -- Miscellaneous chemical tests and thyroid disease -- TRH test -- Anti-thyroid peroxidase antibodies (TPOAbs) -- Thyrotrophin receptor antibodies (TRAbs) -- Tests affected by thyroid dysfunction -- 9 Disorders of the adrenal cortex and medulla -- Introduction -- Regulation of adrenal steroid hormone synthesis and secretion -- Glucocorticoid secretion -- Aldosterone secretion -- Androgen secretion -- Investigation of suspected adrenocortical hyperfunction -- Cushing's syndrome -- Tests used to establish if a clinical diagnosis of Cushing's syndrome is likely -- Treatment -- Investigation of suspected adrenocortical hypofunction -- Diagnosis of primary adrenal hypofunction (Addison's disease) -- Diagnosis of secondary adrenocortical insufficiency -- Other pituitary function tests -- Biochemical tests in the investigation of hypertension -- Secondary hypertension -- Primary hyperaldosteronism (low-renin hyperaldosteronism) -- Investigation of suspected primary hyperaldosteronism. Secondary hyperaldosteronism (high-renin hyperaldosteronism) -- Mineralocorticoid deficiency -- Inherited adrenocortical enzyme defects -- Phaeochromocytoma -- Diagnosis -- Urine fractionated metadrenalines -- 10 Investigation of gonadal function infertility, menstrual irregularities and hirsutism -- Introduction -- Male gonadal function -- Spermatogenesis and its control -- Transport, metabolism and actions of testosterone -- Investigation of infertility and male hypogonadism -- Hypergonadotrophic and hypogonadotrophic hypogonadism -- Female gonadal function -- Menstrual disorders and infertility -- Ovarian dysfunction and its investigation -- Oligomenorrhoea and amenorrhoea -- Infertility -- Hirsutism and virilism -- Polycystic ovarian syndrome (PCOS) -- Ovarian failure -- Hormone replacement therapy -- Steroid contraceptives -- 11 Pregnancy and antenatal screening -- Introduction -- The foetoplacental unit -- Human chorionic gonadotrophin -- Steroids in pregnancy -- Effect of pregnancy on biochemical tests -- Reproductive hormones -- Cortisol -- Thyroid function tests -- Plasma volume and renal function -- Serum lipids and proteins -- Liver function tests -- Iron and ferritin -- Complications in pregnancy -- Ectopic pregnancy -- Diabetes mellitus -- Thyroid disorders -- Pre-eclampsia -- Obstetric cholestasis -- Pre-natal diagnosis of foetal abnormalities -- Screening for trisomy 21 -- Neural tube defects -- 12 Cardiovascular disorders -- The diagnosis of myocardial infarction -- Biochemical tests in myocardial infarction and ischaemia -- Time-course of changes -- Optimal times for blood sampling -- Creatine kinase -- The diagnosis of heart failure -- The diagnosis of thromboembolic disease -- Cardiovascular risk factors -- Lipids -- Enzymes involved in lipid transport -- Metabolism of plasma lipoproteins -- Chylomicron metabolism. VLDL and IDL metabolism. |
| Record Nr. | UNINA-9910795809503321 |
Walker Simon W
|
||
| New York : , : John Wiley & Sons, Incorporated, , 2013 | ||
| Materiale a stampa | ||
| Lo trovi qui: Univ. Federico II | ||
| ||
Clinical Biochemistry
| Clinical Biochemistry |
| Autore | Walker Simon W |
| Edizione | [9th ed.] |
| Pubbl/distr/stampa | New York : , : John Wiley & Sons, Incorporated, , 2013 |
| Descrizione fisica | 1 online resource (304 pages) |
| Disciplina | 616.07/56 |
| Altri autori (Persone) |
BeckettGeoffrey J
RaePeter AshbyPeter |
| Collana | Lecture Notes Ser. |
| Soggetto topico | Biochemical Phenomena |
| ISBN |
9781118272114
9781118272138 |
| Formato | Materiale a stampa |
| Livello bibliografico | Monografia |
| Lingua di pubblicazione | eng |
| Nota di contenuto |
Intro -- Clinical Biochemistry: Lecture Notes -- Contents -- Preface -- List of abbreviations -- How to use your textbook -- About the companion website -- 1 Requesting and interpreting tests -- Introduction -- Collection of specimens -- The use of clinical biochemistry tests -- Point of care testing (POCT) (Table 1.5) -- Interpretation of clinical biochemistry tests -- Sources of variation intest results -- Analytical sources of variation -- Blunders -- Biological causes of variation -- How do results vary in health? -- How do results vary in disease? -- The assessment of diagnostic tests -- Audit in clinical biochemistry -- The audit process -- FURTHER READING -- Appendix 1.1: Screening for rare diseases -- 2 Disturbances of water, sodium and potassium balance -- Introduction -- Water and sodium balance -- Internal distribution of water and sodium -- Osmolality and tonicity -- Colloid osmotic pressure (oncotic pressure -- Regulation of external water balance -- Regulation of external sodium balance -- Disorders of water and sodium homeostasis -- Hyponatraemia -- Hypernatraemia -- Other chemical investigations influid balance disorders -- Blood specimens -- Urine specimens -- Potassium balance -- Abnormalities of plasma potassium concentration -- Hypokalaemia -- Hyperkalaemia -- Other investigations in disordered K+ metabolism -- Fluid and electrolyte balance in surgical patients -- Intravenous fluid administration -- FURTHER READING -- 3 Acid-base balance and oxygen transport -- Introduction -- Transport of carbondioxide -- Renal mechanisms for HCO3 reabsorption and H+ excretion -- Buffering of hydrogen ions -- Investigating acid-base balance -- Collection and transport of specimens -- Temperature effects -- Disturbances of acid-base status -- Respiratory acidosis -- Respiratory alkalosis -- Metabolic acidosis -- Metabolic alkalosis.
Interpretation of results of acid-base assessment -- Plasma [H+] is increased -- Plasma [H+] is decreased -- Plasma [H+] is normal -- Mixed acid-base disturbances -- Other investigations in acid-base assessment -- Total CO2 (reference range 24-30 mmol/L) -- Anion gap (reference range 10-20 mmol/L) -- Plasma chloride (reference range 95-107 mmol/L) -- Treatment of acid-base disturbances -- Oxygen transport -- Indications for full blood acid-base and oxygen measurements -- Respiratory insufficiency -- Type I: low PO2 with normal or low PCO2 -- Type II: low PO2 with high PCO2 -- Oxygen therapy -- FURTHER READING -- 4 Renal disease -- Introduction -- Impaired renal function -- Tests of glomerular function -- Measurement of creatinine clearance -- Estimation of creatinine clearance -- Plasma creatinine -- Creatinine clearance or plasma [creatinine]? -- Low plasma [creatinine] -- High plasma [creatinine] -- Plasma urea -- Tests of tubular function -- Urine osmolality and renal concentration tests -- Fluid deprivation test -- DDAVP test -- Urinary acidification tests -- Renal tubular acidosis -- Glycosuria -- The amino acidurias -- Fanconi syndrome -- Renal handling of sodium and potassium -- Sodium excretion -- Potassium excretion -- Acute kidney injury -- Chronic kidney disease -- Proteinuria -- Overflow proteinuria -- Glomerular proteinuria -- Nephrotic syndrome -- Glomerulonephritis -- Orthostatic proteinuria -- Tubular proteinuria -- Renal stones -- Hypercalciuria -- Oxalate, cystine and xanthine excretion -- Chemical investigations on patients with renal stones -- FURTHER READING -- 5 Disorders of calcium, phosphate and magnesium metabolism -- Calcium homeostasis -- Calcium balance -- Biological function of calcium -- Control of calcium metabolism -- Investigation of abnormal calcium metabolism -- Hypercalcaemia -- Primary hyperparathyroidism. Hypercalcaemia of malignancy -- Other causes of hypercalcaemia -- Hypocalcaemia -- Vitamin D deficiency -- Hypoparathyroidism -- Metabolic bone disease -- Markers of bone turnover -- Rickets and osteomalacia -- Osteoporosis -- Paget's disease -- Renal osteodystrophy -- Phosphate metabolism -- Hypo- and hyperphosphataemia -- Magnesium metabolism -- Hypomagnesaemia and magnesium deficiency -- Hypermagnesaemia -- 6 Diabetes mellitus and hypoglycaemia -- Glucose homeostasis -- Insulin secretion -- Diabetes mellitus -- Diagnosis -- Blood and plasma glucose -- Oral glucose tolerance test (OGTT) -- Impaired fasting glucose (IFG) and impaired glucose tolerance (IGT) -- Monitoring the treatment of diabetic patients -- Home blood glucose monitoring -- Glycated haemoglobin -- Glycated plasma proteins -- Microalbumin -- Metabolic complications of diabetes mellitus -- Diabetic ketoacidosis (DKA) -- Laboratory assessment and management of diabetic ketoacidosis -- Nonketotic, hyperglycaemic coma -- Hypoglycaemia -- Fasting hypoglycaemia -- Reactive or postprandial hypoglycaemia -- Insulinoma -- Other causes of fasting hypoglycaemia -- FURTHER READING -- 7 Disorders of the hypothalamus and pituitary -- Introduction -- The hypothalamus -- Anterior pituitary hormones -- Corticotrophin-releasing hormone and adrenocorticotrophic hormone -- Gonadotrophin-releasing hormone and the gonadotrophins luteinising hormone and follicle-stimulating hormone -- Thyrotrophin-releasing hormone and thyroid-stimulating hormone -- Growth hormone-releasing hormone and growth hormone -- Acromegaly and gigantism -- Prolactin -- Hyperprolactinaemia and its investigation -- Hyperprolactinaemia in psychiatric patients -- Endocrine changes in anorexia nervosa -- Anterior pituitary disease and its investigation -- Causes -- Investigation -- Treatment. Dynamic function tests - insulin stress test -- Monitoring treatment in hypopituitarism -- Monitoring hormone replacement therapy -- Posterior pituitary hormones -- Vasopressin -- 8 Abnormalities of thyroid function -- Introduction -- Thyroid hormone synthesis, action and metabolism -- Synthesis and metabolism -- Plasma transport and cellular action -- Regulation of thyroid function -- Investigations to determine thyroid status -- Selective use of thyroid function tests -- Interpreting results of thyroid function tests -- Hyperthyroidism -- Hypothyroidism -- T4 replacement therapy -- T4 replacement in subclinical hypothyroidism -- T4 therapy in central hypothyroidism (hypopituitarism) -- Situations in which thyroid function test results may be misleading -- Thyroid hormone resistance (THR) -- Causes of abnormal results for thyroid hormone measurements in euthyroid subjects -- Miscellaneous chemical tests and thyroid disease -- TRH test -- Anti-thyroid peroxidase antibodies (TPOAbs) -- Thyrotrophin receptor antibodies (TRAbs) -- Tests affected by thyroid dysfunction -- 9 Disorders of the adrenal cortex and medulla -- Introduction -- Regulation of adrenal steroid hormone synthesis and secretion -- Glucocorticoid secretion -- Aldosterone secretion -- Androgen secretion -- Investigation of suspected adrenocortical hyperfunction -- Cushing's syndrome -- Tests used to establish if a clinical diagnosis of Cushing's syndrome is likely -- Treatment -- Investigation of suspected adrenocortical hypofunction -- Diagnosis of primary adrenal hypofunction (Addison's disease) -- Diagnosis of secondary adrenocortical insufficiency -- Other pituitary function tests -- Biochemical tests in the investigation of hypertension -- Secondary hypertension -- Primary hyperaldosteronism (low-renin hyperaldosteronism) -- Investigation of suspected primary hyperaldosteronism. Secondary hyperaldosteronism (high-renin hyperaldosteronism) -- Mineralocorticoid deficiency -- Inherited adrenocortical enzyme defects -- Phaeochromocytoma -- Diagnosis -- Urine fractionated metadrenalines -- 10 Investigation of gonadal function infertility, menstrual irregularities and hirsutism -- Introduction -- Male gonadal function -- Spermatogenesis and its control -- Transport, metabolism and actions of testosterone -- Investigation of infertility and male hypogonadism -- Hypergonadotrophic and hypogonadotrophic hypogonadism -- Female gonadal function -- Menstrual disorders and infertility -- Ovarian dysfunction and its investigation -- Oligomenorrhoea and amenorrhoea -- Infertility -- Hirsutism and virilism -- Polycystic ovarian syndrome (PCOS) -- Ovarian failure -- Hormone replacement therapy -- Steroid contraceptives -- 11 Pregnancy and antenatal screening -- Introduction -- The foetoplacental unit -- Human chorionic gonadotrophin -- Steroids in pregnancy -- Effect of pregnancy on biochemical tests -- Reproductive hormones -- Cortisol -- Thyroid function tests -- Plasma volume and renal function -- Serum lipids and proteins -- Liver function tests -- Iron and ferritin -- Complications in pregnancy -- Ectopic pregnancy -- Diabetes mellitus -- Thyroid disorders -- Pre-eclampsia -- Obstetric cholestasis -- Pre-natal diagnosis of foetal abnormalities -- Screening for trisomy 21 -- Neural tube defects -- 12 Cardiovascular disorders -- The diagnosis of myocardial infarction -- Biochemical tests in myocardial infarction and ischaemia -- Time-course of changes -- Optimal times for blood sampling -- Creatine kinase -- The diagnosis of heart failure -- The diagnosis of thromboembolic disease -- Cardiovascular risk factors -- Lipids -- Enzymes involved in lipid transport -- Metabolism of plasma lipoproteins -- Chylomicron metabolism. VLDL and IDL metabolism. |
| Record Nr. | UNINA-9910954386003321 |
|
Walker Simon W
|
||
| New York : , : John Wiley & Sons, Incorporated, , 2013 | ||
| Materiale a stampa | ||
| Lo trovi qui: Univ. Federico II | ||
| ||