Plain of Plenty

• Autore: Timonen Riia Elina
• Pubblicazione: Oxford : , : Archaeopress, , 2024; ©2024
• Edizione: 1st ed.
• Descrizione fisica: 1 online resource (0 pages)
• Disciplina: 630.93
• Soggetto topico: Agriculture, Ancient; Bronze age - Greece
• Nota di contenuto: Intro -- Title Page -- Copyright page -- Contents -- List of Figures and Tables -- Chapter 2 -- Table 2.1. Simplified chronological table of the Bronze Age in mainland Greece showing the relative chronological system and the two absolute dating systems commonly used to describe the period (adapted from Shelmerdine 2008a). This thesis mainly uses the -- Figure 2.1. The extent of Mycenaean assemblages in the Aegean in the LH III period. -- Chapter 3 -- Figure 3.1. Known LH III sites in the Argive Plain. -- Table 3.1. List of the numbered sites in figure 3.1. -- Figure 3.2. Major survey projects conducted in the surroundings of the Argive Plain. -- Table 3.2. Estimation of densities of small settlement sites in the surveyed areas of the eastern Peloponnese. -- Figure 3.3. The Mycenaean Argive Plain settlement pattern with subsistence territories and 2.5km catchment areas according to Bintliff (1977b: Appx A, map 2A -- map adapted from original by current author). Black triangles represent the main settlements of -- Figure 3.4. Hierarchy of the Mycenaean settlements in the Argive Plain according to Kilian (1988: 297, Fig. 3 -- map adapted from original by current author). -- Table 3.3. Size, population, and population density estimates for the larger Argive Plain sites in various sources. The total population is calculated according to the density estimate given in the reference. -- Table 3.4. Population numbers for the sites for which only a size estimate is given. The 200ppl/ha population density by Whitelaw (2001) was used to formulate the hypothetical population numbers in this table. -- Chapter 4 -- Figure 4.1. Visualization of the reconstruction model of the LBA Argive Plain agricultural potential. -- Chapter 5. ; Figure 5.1. The geography of the Argive Plain. The map shows the three main streams, Lake Lerna, and other geographical landmarks mentioned in the text. The EH and LH coastline are after Zangger 1991 and 1993, as is the maximum extension of Lake Lerna. Th -- Figure 5.2. Parent materials on and surrounding the Argive Plain. The map was adapted from IGME Geological maps, sheets Nafplion (1964), Argos (1970), Nemea (1970) and Korinthos (1970) by the author. -- Figure 5.3. Landscape changes around Mycenae and Tiryns, adapted from Finke (1988), Zangger (1993) and Fallu (2017: 30-34 and 211-219). The illustration of the extent of the flood deposits caused by the streams Chavos and Vathyrema around Mycenae and Chan -- Figure 5.4. Adaptation from Finke (1988: 71, Figure 18). The marsh and lake deposits in the south of the plain, as well as the recent overbank loams surrounding Argos are more recent developments in the Argive Plain landscape. The LH III surface likely co -- Figure 5.5. Land use potential of the Argive Plain and Berbati Valley. Fertile soils (see also appendix 3) are marked in white. The map is adapted from Ritzou (2013: 66, Fig 2.17) and Drakaki and Sideri (2014: 30, Fig. 2.17). -- Figure 5.6. Potential slopes (steeper than 6°) suitable for terracing without altitude limitations and within 2.5km buffer from the edge of the flat plain. -- Figure 5.7. Slopes suitable for terracing around the main LBA Argive Plain sites within a 2.5km buffer. The Argive Heraion is included in the sites, since the LBA terraces detected in the Mycenae Survey (Iakovidis and French 2003) are known to continue cl -- Table 5.1. Area of land in hectares that could have been terraced in the Argive Plain region. Areas are based on the slope parameters and calculations presented in figures 5.6 and 5.7. ; Table 5.2. Terraced area in hectares if 30-90 percent of the potential slope area available was used. -- Figure 5.8. Locations of the climate data mentioned in the text. 1) Elliniko, Athens, 2) Kleonai, 3) Lake Lerna 4) Argos 5) Tripoli, 6) Asea valley, 7) Agios Phloros, 8) Gialova Lagoon, 9) Mavri Trypa cave, 10) Alepotrypa cave. -- Figure 5.9. The wetter (blue) and drier (red) climatic conditions, and the shorter dry periods (dark red) in the Peloponnese according to the referenced studies (source). The period of interest to this thesis is marked yellow. The LBA 'collapse' is curren -- Table 5.3. Average rainfall in millimetres per year needed for diverse types of crop cultivation in the Eastern Mediterranean according to archaeoethnographic studies. -- Figure 5.10. Locations of the sources of the micro- and macrobotanical data mentioned in the text. The sites in order are 1) Assiros Toumba, 2) Mesimeriani Toumba, 3) Aliki, 4) Kleonai, 5) Tsoungiza, 6) Mycenae, 7) Synoro, 8) Midea, 9) Tiryns, 10) Lake Le -- Figure 5.11. The find locations of the zooarchaeological data mentioned in the text. The sites in order are: 1) Tsoungiza, 2) Mycenae, 3) Midea, 4) Tiryns, 5) Lerna, 6) Asine, 7) Fourni, 8) Kosona, 9) Pylos, and 10) Knossos, Crete. -- Table 5.4. The Minimum Number of Individuals (MIN) in three LH III Argive Plain sites, Mycenae, Lerna, and Midea. The assemblage of Mycenae consists of 99 selected individuals from two separate contexts (Price et al. 2017). The Lerna assemblage includes t -- Figure 5.12. Locations of the osteoarchaeological sites mentioned in the section are 1) Tragana Agia Triada, Lokris, 2) Mirou, Lokris, 3) Kolaka, Lokris, 4) Modi, Lokris, 5) Atalanti, Lokris, 6) Kalapodi, Lokris, 7) Zeli, Lokris, 8) Athens, 9) Almyri, 10) -- Chapter 6. ; Figure 6.1. The land area (dark grey) that could be used for agriculture on a slope under 6°. -- Figure 6.2. Areas (purple) excluded from the agricultural space because of difficult access. -- Figure 6.3. The 'production areas' outside the Argive Plain, the valleys of Nemea, Kleonai and Berbati, as well as the plain of Asine, all marked in blue. -- Figure 6.4. Final agricultural area of the Argive Plain based on topographic and soil variables. -- Table 6.1. Average yields of wheat and barley in various sources. The section above represents yields based on ethnographic fieldwork, and the section below yield estimates for historic and prehistoric time periods. -- Table 6.2. Yields of species of legumes in the Eastern Mediterranean. All numbers are kilograms per hectare. -- Table 6.3. Estimations for the yields of olives and olive oil with references. Olive yield is bimodal. The lower figure indicates the yield in the 'off' year for olives, and the higher number the main year of production. -- Table 6.4. Estimations of the average yields of figs and grapes in the Eastern Mediterranean. -- Table 6.5. The share (in percent) of different foodstuffs in prehistoric and early historic diet in Greece. -- Table 6.6. Amounts of different foodstuffs (kg/yr) in ethnographic studies of rural communities in the Mediterranean. -- Table 6.7. Basic energy requirements per sex and activity levels as given by the FAO/WHO and adjusted to the LBA individuals according to their reconstructed weights (marked in bold). -- Table 6.8. Calculated daily energy needs of children and elderly in a LBA household. The formula for calculating the BMR of children was calculated by the author, while the BMR of the older female is provided by the FAO/WHO. The weights of the children ar. ; Table 6.9. Recommendations for the daily protein, fats, and carbohydrates intake for an average LBA individual with a daily energy intake of 2400kcal. -- Table 6.10. The average calorific and nutrient content of different foodstuffs in the LBA diet as presented in the USDA database. Further information on the items is compiled in appendix 10. -- Figure 6.5. The composition of different foodstuffs in diet model 1 as percentages of the total. -- Figure 6.6. Two diet sub-models, a and b, in which specifically the consumption of cereals, meat, and dairy is examined in more detail. The shares of each food item are of the total food resource (cereals, legumes, meat etc.) consumption in diet models 1 -- Figure 6.7. The composition of different foodstuffs in diet model 2 as percentages of the total. -- Figure 6.8. The annual consumption of different LBA foodstuffs per person in kilograms in diet model 1a. -- Figure 6.9. The annual consumption of different LBA foodstuffs per person in kilograms in diet model 1b. -- Figure 6.10. The annual consumption of different LBA foodstuffs in kilograms in diet model 2a. -- Figure 6.11. The annual consumption of different LBA foodstuffs in kilograms in diet model 2b. -- Table 6.11. Nutrient intake in diet models 1a, 1b, 2a and 2b with WHO/FAO recommendations for intake of protein, carbohydrates and fats for an adult resembling the size and level of activity of a LH III person. -- Table 6.12. Variables used in the analysis of the agricultural potential of the Argive Plain, excluding land use models which are based on the diet models presented in section 6.2.3. -- Table 6.13. 'Personal' plot sizes in sub-models 1a and 1b. The two rightmost columns of the table indicate, how much space (in ha) is required to produce a foodstuff for one person's annual dietary needs. Since most of the foodstuffs in the LBA dietary m. ; Table 6.14. 'Personal' plot sizes in sub-models 2a and 2b, calculated in a similar way as in table 6.13.
• Sommario/riassunto: The Argive Plain was central to Late Bronze Age Mycenaean culture. Renowned for its settlements and treasures, less is known about its agricultural sustainability. This study examines Mycenaean farming in the Argive Plain and its societal implications, investigating if resource depletion contributed to the Bronze Age collapse.
• Titolo autorizzato: Plain of Plenty
• ISBN: 9781803278568; 1803278560
• Formato: Materiale a stampa
• Livello bibliografico: Monografia
• Lingua di pubblicazione: Inglese
• Record Nr.: 9910946358503321
• Lo trovi qui: Univ. Federico II