| Nota di contenuto |
Intro -- Preface -- Contents -- Chapter 1: Animals That Stay Together, Hunt Together -- References -- Chapter 2: Social Strategies of the African Lion -- 2.1 Introduction -- 2.1.1 Unique Among Felids: A Broad Overview of Lion Social Structure -- 2.1.1.1 Prides -- 2.1.1.2 Coalitions -- 2.1.1.3 Egalitarianism -- 2.1.1.4 Fission-Fusion -- 2.2 Ultimate Drivers of Sociality: Patterns from the Serengeti Ecosystem -- 2.2.1 Resource Defense -- 2.2.1.1 Defense of Territories -- 2.2.1.2 Defense of Prides -- 2.2.2 Other Benefits of Group Formation -- 2.2.2.1 Obtaining Food -- 2.2.2.2 Reproduction: Crèche Formation, Cub Rearing, and Cub Defense -- 2.3 Proximate Drivers of Sociality -- 2.3.1 Plastic Variation in Sociality Across Africa -- 2.3.2 Intraspecific Competition -- 2.3.2.1 Pride Size and Structure -- 2.3.2.2 Territorial Defense and Breeding Subgroups -- 2.3.3 Interspecific Competition -- 2.3.4 Resource Availability -- 2.3.4.1 Pride Size and Structure -- 2.3.4.2 Hunting Subgroups -- 2.3.5 Habitat Structure and Complexity -- 2.3.5.1 Pride Size and Structure -- 2.3.5.2 Territorial Defense and Breeding Subgroups -- 2.3.5.3 Hunting Subgroups -- 2.4 Lion Sociality in Human-Dominated Landscapes -- 2.4.1 Inside vs. Outside Protected Areas -- 2.4.1.1 Trophy Hunting -- 2.4.1.2 Persecution -- 2.4.2 Living in Managed Wildlife Areas -- 2.5 Conclusions: Current Unknowns and Future Directions -- 2.5.1 Geographic Bias -- 2.5.2 Behaviors Maintaining Social Bonds -- 2.5.3 Consequences of Variation in Social Behavior -- 2.5.4 Future Directions -- References -- Chapter 3: The Role of Food and Mates in Shaping Asiatic Lion Societies -- 3.1 Introduction -- 3.1.1 Origin, Distribution, and Status -- 3.1.2 Morphology -- 3.1.3 Habitat -- 3.1.4 Diet and Predation Ecology -- 3.2 Social Behavior: The Effect of Resources on Group-Living -- 3.2.1 Prides: Lion Queens.
3.2.1.1 Life History -- 3.2.1.2 Territoriality -- 3.2.2 Male Coalitions: Selfish Partners or Comrades in Arms? -- 3.2.2.1 Life History -- 3.2.2.2 Nomadism -- 3.2.2.3 Territoriality and Land-Tenure System -- 3.2.2.4 Despotism -- 3.2.2.5 Kin-Selection -- 3.2.2.6 Demographic Constraints on Coalition Formation -- 3.3 Male-Female Associations: Cooperation and Conflict Among the Sexes -- 3.3.1 Social Factors -- 3.3.2 Resource Factors -- 3.3.3 Proximity Between the Sexes and Roaring -- 3.4 Battle of the Sexes: Mating Strategies in Asiatic lions -- 3.4.1 Mating Interactions -- 3.4.2 Mating Networks -- 3.4.3 Female Promiscuity as an Insurance Against Infanticide -- 3.4.4 Female Reproductive Parameters -- 3.5 Drivers of Sociality -- 3.6 Conclusions and Future Research -- References -- Chapter 4: Wolves in a Human World: Social Dynamics of the Northern Hemisphere´s Most Iconic Social Carnivore -- 4.1 Introduction -- 4.2 The Social Unit: An Overview -- 4.3 The Advantages and Disadvantages of Group Living -- 4.4 Wolf Foraging Behavior: What We Know and What We Don´t Know -- 4.4.1 Wolf Diet -- 4.4.2 Prey Selection -- 4.4.3 Scavenging and Scavengers -- 4.4.4 Predator vs. Prey -- 4.4.5 Coordination or Cooperation? -- 4.5 Wolf Hunting Tactics -- 4.5.1 Using the Landscape -- 4.5.2 The Young, the Old, and the Weak -- 4.5.3 Move, Chase, Subdue -- 4.5.4 Ambush, Chase, Subdue -- 4.5.5 Prey Size Matters -- 4.5.6 Shell Games -- 4.6 The Social Unit and Foraging: A Dynamic Adaptation -- 4.6.1 Hunting Success -- 4.6.2 Social Learning -- 4.7 Humans and Wolf Ecology and Social Dynamics -- 4.7.1 Wolves in Human-Modified Landscapes -- 4.7.2 Wolves and Human-Induced Mortality -- 4.7.3 Pack Complexity and Population Age Structure -- 4.7.4 Sex-Specific Dispersal -- 4.7.5 Comparing Systems -- 4.8 Conclusions -- References.
Chapter 5: Hunting Success in the Spotted Hyena: Morphological Adaptations and Behavioral Strategies -- 5.1 Introduction -- 5.2 Morphological and Behavioral Adaptations for Efficient Hunting -- 5.3 Female-Dominated Societies Structured by Fission-Fusion Dynamics -- 5.4 Effects of Social Rank and Age on Hunting and Feeding Success -- 5.5 Social Coordination and Cognitive Demands of Hunting -- 5.6 Cooperative Hunting Improves Hunting Success -- 5.7 Feeding Competition Limits Social Cohesion -- 5.8 Conservation Implications of Behavioral Flexibility While Foraging -- References -- Chapter 6: Hunting Behavior and Social Ecology of African Wild Dogs -- 6.1 Introduction -- 6.2 The Most Social Canid? -- 6.3 Hunting Success -- 6.4 Social Dynamics Between Packs -- 6.4.1 Acquiring and Defending a Territory -- 6.5 Social Dynamics Within Packs -- 6.5.1 Acquiring and Retaining Food -- 6.5.1.1 Hunting Behaviors and Strategies -- 6.6 Spatial and Temporal Patterns of Hunting -- 6.7 African Wild Dogs in the Anthropocene -- 6.7.1 Hunting in Human-Dominated Landscapes -- 6.7.2 Potential Impacts of Changing Climates and Land Use -- 6.7.3 Intensive Population Management -- 6.8 Conclusions -- References -- Chapter 7: Social Strategies of a Consummate Marine Predator: Mammal-Hunting Killer Whales -- 7.1 Introduction -- 7.2 Anatomy of a Hunt -- 7.2.1 Physiological Demands -- 7.2.2 The Social Unit -- 7.2.3 Hunting Strategy -- 7.2.3.1 Prey Searching -- 7.2.3.2 Prey Handling and Attack -- Great Whales: Baleen Whales and Sperm Whales -- Select Prey -- Chase -- Ram, Suffocate, Drown -- Pinnipeds: Seals, Sea Lions, and Walrus -- Prowl, Hide, and Capture -- Dolphins, Porpoises, and Other Cetaceans -- Stealth, Stamina, Speed, Corralling -- 7.2.3.3 Prey Consumption -- 7.3 Prey Response -- 7.4 Group Sizes and Hunting Success -- 7.5 Hunting Through Social Learning -- 7.6 Conclusions.
References -- Chapter 8: Mammal Hunting Killer Whales off Monterey, California: A 30-Year Synthesis -- 8.1 Introduction -- 8.1.1 Marine Mammal Predation Events: Monterey Bay, California -- 8.2 Survey Methods and Data Collection -- 8.2.1 Naming System -- 8.3 Social Dynamics -- 8.3.1 Seasonal Occurrence and Inter-Group Interactions -- 8.4 Movement Patterns -- 8.4.1 Short-Term Movements inside Monterey Bay -- 8.5 Overview of Hunting Strategies, Group Sizes, and Hunting Success -- 8.5.1 Hunting Strategies Pass from Matriarchs to Offspring: Killer Whale Culture -- 8.5.2 Pinniped Hunting Strategy -- 8.5.3 Dolphin and Porpoise Hunting Strategy -- 8.5.4 Gray Whale Hunting Strategy -- 8.5.5 Gray Whale Feeding Event: Prey Consumption -- 8.5.6 Humpback Whale Interference -- 8.6 Threats to the Population and Contaminant Levels in Bigg´s Killer Whales -- 8.6.1 Climate Change -- 8.6.2 Contaminants -- 8.7 Future Research and Conclusion -- References -- Chapter 9: Sociality and its Relevance in Group Hunting Mammalian Predators -- 9.1 Introduction -- 9.1.1 Social Dynamics -- 9.1.2 Hunting Strategies and Group Sizes -- 9.1.3 Territoriality -- 9.1.4 Adapting to Human Dominated Landscapes -- 9.2 Concluding Thoughts -- References -- Index.
|
Info
Report of the Protected Resources Science Investment Plan Workshop / / edited by Michael Simpkins and Mridula Srinivasan ; with contributions from Lisa Ballance [and eight others]
