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Cover -- Preface -- Contents -- Location of VideoNotes in the Text -- Online Labs -- Part 1: Becoming Skilled at Computing -- Part 1: Introduction -- Chapter 1: Defining Information Technology Terms of Endearment -- Computation's Greatest Hits -- Digitizing Information -- Stored-Program Computers -- The Switch to Transistors -- Integrated Circuits -- "Personal" Computers -- The Internet -- HTTP and the World Wide Web -- Layered Software Development -- The Great Part of the Greatest Hits -- Terms of Endearment -- Tech Support -- Anchoring Knowledge -- Computers, Software, Algorithms -- Find the Computer -- Software -- Algorithms -- The Words for Ideas -- "Abstract" -- "Generalize" -- "Operationally Attuned" -- "Mnemonic" -- Summary -- Try It Solutions -- Review Questions -- Multiple Choice -- Short Answer -- Exercises -- Chapter 2: Exploring the Human-Computer Interface Face It, It's a Computer -- A Few Useful Concepts -- Feedback -- Consistent Interface -- New Instance -- Perfect Reproduction -- An Exact Duplicate -- Copying -- What We See and What We Think -- Metaphors -- The Desktop -- The Touch Metaphor -- Relationship Between Metaphors -- Summary of Metaphors -- Summary -- Try It Solutions -- Review Questions -- Multiple Choice -- Short Answer -- Exercises -- Chapter 3: The Basics of Networking Making the Connection -- Comparing Communication Types -- General Communication -- The Internet's Communication Properties -- The Client/Server Structure -- Appearing to Stay Connected -- The Medium of the Message -- The Name Game of Computer Addresses -- Following Protocol -- Far and Near: WAN and LAN -- Connecting Your Computer to the Internet -- Domains and the DNS -- DNS Summary -- The World Wide Web -- Requesting a Web Page -- The Internet and the Web -- Describing a Web Page -- File Structure -- Directory Hierarchy -- Organizing the Folder.
Summary -- Try It Solutions -- Review Questions -- Multiple Choice -- Short Answer -- Exercises -- Chapter 4: A Hypertext Markup Language Primer Marking Up with HTML -- Marking Up with HTML -- Formatting with Tags -- Tags for Bold and Italic -- Required Tags -- Lab Practice I -- Firefox -- Text Editor -- Hello, World! -- Save This Page -- Practicing in the Lab -- Structuring Documents -- Headings in HTML -- HTML Format Versus Display Format -- White Space -- Attributes -- Brackets in HTML: The Escape Symbol -- Accent Marks in HTML -- Lab Practice II -- Compose and Check -- Markup Validation Service -- Get Into Style with CSS -- A Place for Style -- Styling Background and Paragraph -- CSS Styling -- Designing the Paradoxes Page -- Marking Links and Images -- Two Sides of a Hyperlink -- Structure of the Image Tag -- Referring to Files -- Referring to Pages and Images -- Span, Lists, Tables, and Boxes -- Span -- Lists Tags -- Handling Tables -- The "Box Model" -- Cascading Style Sheets -- Style in Many Places -- Globally Speaking -- The Cascade -- Styling with Class -- A class Attribute -- An Alternate Class -- Hovering Above Links -- Navigation Bars -- HTML Wrap-Up -- Gradient Background -- Easy Enough for a Computer -- Summary -- Try It Solutions -- Review Questions -- Multiple Choice -- Short Answer -- Exercises -- Chapter 5: Locating Information on the WWW The Search for Truth -- Web Search Fundamentals -- How a Search Engine Works -- Multiword Searches -- Descriptive Terms -- Page Rank -- Advanced Searches -- The Logical Operator AND -- Complex Queries -- Combining Logical Operators -- Restricting Global Search -- Focused Searches -- Web Searching -- Selecting Search Terms -- The Anatomy of a Hit -- Using the Hit List -- Once You Find a Likely Page -- Searching Strategy Summary -- Bing Search -- Authoritative Information.
Don't Believe Everything You Read -- Wikipedia -- What is Authoritative? -- Authoritative Sources -- Truth or Fiction? -- Site Analysis -- Tough Work -- Summary -- Try It Solutions -- Review Questions -- Multiple Choice -- Short Answer -- Exercises -- Chapter 6: An Introduction to Debugging To Err Is Human -- Precision: The High Standards of Computing -- Be Accurate -- Be Observant -- Debugging: What's the Problem? -- Debugging in Everyday Life -- Debugging in Information Technology -- Whose Problem is It? -- Using the Computer to Debug -- A Dialog About Debugging -- Debugging Recap -- Fixing HTML Bugs: A Case Study -- Look At the Page Closely -- Focusing the Search -- Nearly Perfect -- Debugging the JJK Page: A Postmortem -- No Printer Output: A Classic Scenario -- Applying the Debugging Strategy -- Pressing On -- The Print Queue -- Calling Tech Support? -- Ensuring the Reliability of Software -- Safety-Critical Applications -- Fail-Soft and Fail-Safe Software -- Community Debugging -- Summary -- Try It Solutions -- Review Questions -- Multiple Choice -- Short Answer -- Exercises -- Interview with Vinton G. Cerf -- Part 2: Algorithms and Digitizing Information -- Part 2: Introduction -- Chapter 7: Representing Information Digitally Bits and the "Why" of Bytes -- Digitizing Discrete Information -- Limitation of Digits -- Alternative Representations -- Symbols, Briefly -- Ordering Symbols -- Information Representation -- Beyond the Physical World -- Memory -- Bits in Computer Memory -- Binary and Hex -- Binary -- Hex -- Changing Hex Digits to Bits and Back Again -- Digitizing Numbers in Binary -- Binary Numbers Compared with Decimal Numbers -- Digitizing Text -- Assigning Symbols -- Extended ASCII: An 8-Bit Code -- ASCII Coding of Phone Numbers -- Advantages of Long Encodings -- NATO Broadcast Alphabet -- Bar Codes -- UTF-8 -- The Metadata and the OED.
Properties of Data -- Using Tags for Metadata -- Structure Tags -- Sample OED Entry -- Why "Byte"? -- Summary -- Try It Solutions -- Review Questions -- Multiple Choice -- Short Answer -- Exercises -- Chapter 8: Representing Multimedia Digitally Light, Sound, Magic -- Digitizing Color -- Color and the Mystery of Light -- Yellow = R + G? -- Green Paint = Blue + Yellow -- Making a Big Display -- Thinking About Intensities -- Black and White Colors -- Decimal to Binary -- Lighten Up: Changing Colors by Addition -- To Increase Intensity: Add in Binary -- Lighter Still: Adding with Carry Digits -- Computing on Representations -- Old Photographs -- Increasing Brightness and Contrast -- Binary Addition -- Contrast -- Adding Color -- Summary of Digital Color -- Digitizing Sound -- Analog to Digital -- Advantages of Digital Sound -- Digital Images and Video -- Image Compression -- JPEG -- MPEG Compression Scheme -- Optical Character Recognition -- OCR Technology -- Multimedia Challenges -- The Challenge of Latency -- The Challenge of Bandwidth -- Bits Are It -- Bits: The Universal Medium -- Bits: Bias-Free -- Bits Are Not Necessarily Binary Numbers -- Summary -- Try It Solutions -- Review Questions -- Multiple Choice -- Short Answer -- Exercises -- Chapter 9: Principles of Computer Operations Following Instructions -- There's an App for That -- The Usual Suspects -- Software Isn't So Hard -- Deciding On What to Do -- Software Layers -- Instruction Execution Engine -- The Fetch/Execute Cycle -- Anatomy of a Computer -- Input Unit and Output Unit -- Machine Instructions -- The Program Counter: The PC's PC -- Address of the Next Instruction -- Branch and Jump Instructions -- Instruction Execution -- Stepping Through ADD -- The Clock's Ticking -- Many, Many Simple Operations -- Translation -- Assembly Language -- Compiling -- Integrated Circuits.
Miniaturization -- Integration -- Photolithography -- How Semiconductor Technology Works -- Field Effect -- Semiconducting Elements -- Field Effect Transistors -- Implementing ALU Operations -- Combining the Ideas -- Summary -- Try It Solutions -- Review Questions -- Multiple Choice -- Short Answer -- Exercises -- Chapter 10: Algorithmic Thinking What's the Plan? -- Algorithms -- Writing One Letter at a Time -- Homemade Algorithms -- Many Questions -- Fewer Questions -- Writing Algorithms -- Algorithms Versus Programs -- Experience with Algorithms -- Textbook Examples of Algorithms -- Algorithms Versus Heuristic Processes -- Inventing Algorithms -- Algorithms-A Basic Concept -- A Definition -- A Closer Look -- Query Evaluation -- Intersecting Lists -- A Familiar Solution -- How Not to Match -- Different Solutions -- Doing the Right Thing -- A Strategy -- Explaining Why IAL Works -- Summary on Correctness -- Summary -- Try It Solutions -- Review Questions -- Multiple Choice -- Short Answer -- Exercises -- Interview with Ray Kurzweil -- Part 3: Data and Information -- Chapter 11: Social Implications of IT Computers in Polite Society -- The Power of the Crowd -- Crowdsourcing -- Be a Martian -- Foldit -- Civic Participation-Freerice -- Kickstarter -- Out on Good Behavior -- Netiquette -- Specific Guidelines for Email -- Please, Don't Be Offended -- Expect the Unexpected -- The Onion -- Suspicious Activity -- Creating Good Passwords -- The Role of Passwords -- How Passwords Work -- Poor Passwords -- Creating Quality Passwords -- Easy to Remember -- Hard to Guess -- Managing Passwords -- Spam -- Controlling Spam -- Scams -- Nigerian Widow Scam -- Phishing -- The End of the Phishing Story -- Protecting Intellectual Property -- Licensing of Software -- Open Source Software -- Copyright on the Web -- Violating the Copyright Law -- Creative Commons.
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Fluency with information technology : skills, concepts, & capabilities / / Lawrence Snyder
