Info
- Utilizzare la checkbox di selezione a fianco di ciascun documento per attivare le funzionalità di stampa, invio email, download nei formati disponibili del (i) record.
Traffic safety and human behavior / / David Shinar
| Traffic safety and human behavior / / David Shinar |
| Autore | Shinar David |
| Edizione | [2nd edition.] |
| Pubbl/distr/stampa | Bingley, United Kingdom : , : Emerald Publishing Limited, , 2017 |
| Descrizione fisica | 1 online resource (1,264 pages) |
| Disciplina | 363.12/5 |
| Soggetto topico |
Traffic safety
Transportation - Automotive / Driver Education Public safety issues |
| ISBN |
9781787146334
1787146332 9781523113484 1523113480 9781786352217 1786352214 |
| Formato | Materiale a stampa  |
| Livello bibliografico | Monografia |
| Lingua di pubblicazione | eng |
| Nota di contenuto |
Front Cover -- Traffic Safety and Human Behavior -- Copyright Page -- Dedication -- Contents -- Preface to the Second Edition -- References -- Part A: Background, Methods, and Models -- 1 Introduction and Background -- Background -- Definitions: Safety, accidents, and crashes -- Safety has come a long way in the past half century -- Scope and Measurement of Traffic Crashes and Injuries -- The scope of the problem in terms of property-damage, injury, and fatal crashes -- Defining severe injury: MAIS3 + -- Measuring safety -- Motorization and Crashes - Smeed's Law -- The Reliability and Validity of Crash Data -- The Concern for Traffic Safety -- Organization of This Book, Additional Resources, and the Rationale for the New Edition -- Book organization -- Additional resources -- The rationale for a new edition -- References -- 2 Research Methods -- Key Concepts in Behavioral Research -- Variables of interest -- Independent and dependent variables -- Control variables -- Intervening variables: Mediation between the independent and dependent variables -- Confounding variables -- Moderating variables -- Validity and reliability -- Study Design -- Experimental versus observational studies -- Between subjects versus within subjects study designs, and treatment versus control conditions -- Statistical versus practical significance -- Research Methods: From Basic/Laboratory to Applied/Field -- A case in point: Reducing rear-end collisions -- Laboratory "Basic" research -- Digital Simulation Studies -- Driving Simulator Studies -- Validity of driving simulators -- On-the-Road Studies -- Experimental studies -- Field operational test (FOT) - A quasi-experimental method -- Observational/correlational/associational studies -- Naturalistic driving studies -- Meta-analysis - Quantitative synthesis of the results of multiple studies -- Concluding Remarks.
References -- 3 Theories and Models of Driver Behavior -- Why We Need Driver Theories and Models -- The Context of Driving: Hierarchical Decision-Making -- Attention and Information Processing Models -- Attentional capacity and distribution of attention -- A driver information processing model -- Measuring mental task load -- Performance on a secondary task -- Physiological indicators of stress -- Subjective scales of mental load -- Endsley's situation awareness model and efficient information processing -- Rational Decision-Making Models -- Application of "bounded rationality" to driver behavior -- Ajzen's theory of planned behavior (TPB) -- Fuller's task-capability interface (TCI) model and risk allostasis theory (RAT) of driving behavior -- Motivational Models -- Behavioral adaptation -- Risk homeostasis model of driver behavior -- Integrative Models: Information Processing in the Context of Motivational Factors -- Practical Implications of Theoretical Considerations -- References -- Part B: Driver Capacities and Individual Differences -- 4 Vision, Visual Attention, and Visual Search -- Our Visual System -- Driving-Related Visual Functions -- Visual acuity -- Definition of visual acuity -- Standards of visual acuity -- Visual acuity and driving performance -- Visual acuity and crash involvement -- Visual acuity under degraded conditions: Low illumination and glare -- Dynamic visual acuity -- Color vision -- Motion detection -- Contrast sensitivity -- Stereopsis and monocular vision -- Visual field -- Night vision and the implications of a dual vision system -- Distributed Visual Attention -- Useful field of view (UFOV) -- UFOV and driving performance of older drivers -- UFOV as a predictor of crash involvement -- Visual Search and Eye Movements -- The nature of eye movements -- Eye movements in driving -- Concluding Comments -- References. 5 Driver Information Processing: Attention, Perception, Reaction Time, and Comprehension -- Allocation of Attention: Selective and Divided Attention -- Information processing levels: Looking, attending, acting, and recalling -- Levels of processing -- Controlled (top-down) and automated (bottom-up) processes in driving -- Perception Reaction Time and Brake Reaction Time -- The relevance of brake reaction time to safety -- Reaction times in laboratory experiments, driving simulators, and on the road -- Expectancy and brake reaction time -- Age and gender differences in brake reaction time -- Driver reaction time in more complex situations -- Yellow light dilemma -- Reaction time to different stimuli -- Hazard perception: Situation awareness for lurking dangers -- Hazard perception and experience -- Judgments of Gaps, Clearances, and Headways -- Drivers' estimation of minimum safe headways and comfortable headways -- Can we learn to improve on-the-road headway estimation -- Drivers can and are inclined to improve their headways -- Comprehension of Information: Road Signs and In-Vehicle Displays -- Comprehension of road signs -- Road markings -- Finally, a note of caution -- In-vehicle symbol comprehension -- Concluding Comments -- References -- 6 Young and Novice Drivers -- The Magnitude of the Young Driver Problem -- Sources of the Problem: Inexperience and Immaturity -- The accumulation of driver experience -- Causes of Novice Drivers' Crashes -- Hazard perception -- Managing Experience: Driver Education, Graduated Licensing, and Training in Hazard Perception -- Driver Education and Driver Training -- Graduated Driver Licensing (GDL): Integrating Driver Education, Training, and Licensing -- Pre GDL programs -- Characteristics of the GDL -- Evaluations of the GDL -- Importance of the number of GDL components -- Importance of specific GDL components. Teen passengers compromise safety of young drivers -- Supervision has a positive but temporary benefit -- Long-term effects of GDL: The jury is still out -- Out-of-the-vehicle extended supervision: A potential enhancement of GDL -- Parents as role models: For better and for worse -- Program acceptance -- New Directions in Driver Education and Training -- Expanding the goals of driver education (GDE) -- Training in hazard perception -- Can there be too much training? -- Concluding Comments -- References -- 7 Older Drivers -- Problem Identification: Demographic Trends, Mobility, and Safety -- Demographic trends -- Mobility patterns -- Safety of older drivers -- Detailed examination of older drivers' crash involvement - The role of exposure -- Confounding and biasing factors in assessing older drivers' crash involvement -- Adjusting for frailty bias -- Adjusting for context bias -- Adjusting for low-mileage bias -- Crash Culpability and Age-Related Impairments -- Older drivers' impairments and crash causes -- Vision -- Cognitive impairments -- Medical conditions and diseases -- Driving style -- Solutions to Safety and Mobility of Older People -- Screening functionally deficient drivers -- Self-regulation and self-selection -- Driver education, structured self-assessment, and training -- Designing vehicles and in-vehicle technologies to assist the older drivers -- Navigation systems -- Hazard perception aids -- Night vision systems -- CarFit -- Environmental treatments -- Concluding Comments -- References -- Part C: Driving Style -- 8 Speed and Safety -- Variables Affecting Speed Choice -- Driver-related variables that affect speed choice -- Individual differences -- Motivational factors -- Speed choice and design speed -- Speed and Crashes -- Definitions: Speed, safety, and intervening variables -- Some theoretical issues - And a theoretical quagmire. Information processing approach -- Traffic conflict approach -- Risk-homeostasis motivational approach -- Speed and crash involvement -- Correlational studies of speed and crashes -- Causal analyses of crashes -- Quasi-experimental studies: Changes in crash experience as a function of changes in speed management -- Changing speed limits -- Speed enforcement -- Changes in road design -- Speed and crash severity -- Concluding remarks on speed and crashes -- Speeding Countermeasures -- Organizational/policy approaches -- Setting speed limits -- Administrative actions -- Behavioral approaches -- Education -- Enforcement -- Moving versus stationary enforcement -- Automated enforcement -- Section control -- How much enforcement? -- How does enforcement compare to speed calming through roadway design? -- Environmental approaches -- Perceptual countermeasures -- Public information and highway signs -- Public information campaigns -- Speed limit signs -- Graphic representational speed signs -- Variable message signs -- Speed feedback indicators -- Vehicles -- Combined approach: Speed management -- Concluding Comments -- References -- 9 Personality and Aggressive Driving -- Social Maladjustment and Driving Behavior -- Aggressive Driving -- Aggression, frustration, and aggressive driving -- Measures of aggressive driving and road rage -- Questionnaire-based measures of aggressive driving -- Behavioral observable measures of aggressive driving -- Frustrating situations - Catalysts for aggressive driving -- The value of time - An intervening variable in the effects of congestion on aggression -- Personality and Aggressive Driving -- Accident proneness - Is there such a thing? -- Anger, aggression, and aggressive driving -- Risk-taking and driving safety -- Sensation-seeking and driving -- Gender and gender identity: Masculinity and femininity. The Driving Environment: Annonymity of Others and Legitimacy of Their Behavior. |
| Record Nr. | UNINA-9911006953703321 |
Shinar David
|
||
| Bingley, United Kingdom : , : Emerald Publishing Limited, , 2017 | ||
| Materiale a stampa | ||
| Lo trovi qui: Univ. Federico II | ||
| ||
Traffic safety and human behavior / / David Shinar
| Traffic safety and human behavior / / David Shinar |
| Autore | Shinar David |
| Edizione | [1st ed.] |
| Pubbl/distr/stampa | Amsterdam ; ; London, : Elsevier, c2007 |
| Descrizione fisica | 1 online resource (827 p.) |
| Disciplina | 363.125019 |
| Soggetto topico |
Transportation - Automotive - General
Business & Economics - Industries - Transportation Road transport industries Behavioural economics Traffic safety - Psychological aspects |
| ISBN |
1-281-09610-5
9786611096106 1-61583-247-5 0-08-055587-X |
| Formato | Materiale a stampa |
| Livello bibliografico | Monografia |
| Lingua di pubblicazione | eng |
| Nota di contenuto | Introduction and background -- Research methods -- Theories and models of driver behavior -- Vision, visual attention and visual search -- Driver information processing : attention, perception, reaction, time, and comprehension -- Young and novice drivers -- Older drivers -- Speed and safety -- Personality and aggressive driving -- Occupant protection -- Alcohol and driving -- Drugs and driving -- Distraction and inattention -- Fatigue and driving -- Pedestrians -- Motorcyclists and riders of other powered two-wheelers -- Accident/crash causation analysis -- Crash countermeasures and design of safety. |
| Record Nr. | UNINA-9911006626803321 |
|
Shinar David
|
||
| Amsterdam ; ; London, : Elsevier, c2007 | ||
| Materiale a stampa | ||
| Lo trovi qui: Univ. Federico II | ||
| ||