Diagnosis and Treatment of Anal Fistula

• Autore: Shi Renjie
• Pubblicazione: Singapore : , : Springer Singapore Pte. Limited, , 2022; ©2021
• Descrizione fisica: 1 online resource (232 pages)
• Soggetto topico: Fístules; Malalties de l'anus
• Soggetto genere / forma: Llibres electrònics
• Altri autori: ZhengLihua
• Nota di contenuto: Intro -- Preface -- Acknowledgements -- Contents -- Contributors -- 1: History of Cognition and Treatment of Anal Fistula -- 1.1 The Knowledge and Treatment History of Anal Fistula in Chinese Medicine -- 1.2 The History of Anal Fistula and Treatment in Western Medicine -- Suggested Reading -- 2: Anatomy and Physiology of Anal Fistula -- 2.1 Anorectal Genesis -- 2.2 Anal Canal and Rectum -- 2.2.1 Anal Canal -- 2.2.2 Rectum -- 2.3 The Anal Gland -- 2.3.1 The History of Understanding the Anal Glands -- 2.3.2 The Distribution of Anal Glands and Their Clinical Significance -- 2.3.3 The Shape and Clinical Significance of Anal Glands -- 2.3.4 The Relationship Between the Obstruction of Anal Glands and the Occurrence and Development of Anorectal Infections -- 2.3.5 The Relationship Between Anal Glands and Sex Hormones and Their Clinical Significance -- 2.3.6 Histochemistry of Anal Gland Mucus and Its Clinical Significance -- 2.4 Anal Muscles -- 2.4.1 Internal Anal Sphincter -- 2.4.2 External Anal Sphincter -- 2.4.2.1 Subcutaneous Sphincter -- 2.4.2.2 Superficial Sphincter -- 2.4.2.3 Deep External Sphincter -- 2.4.3 The Levator Ani Muscle -- 2.4.3.1 Puborectal Muscle -- 2.4.3.2 Pubococcygeus Muscle -- 2.4.3.3 The Iliac Coccygeus Muscle -- 2.4.4 The Joint Longitudinal Muscles -- 2.4.5 Anorectal Ring -- 2.5 Perirectal Space of Anal Canal -- 2.5.1 Perianal Subcutaneous Space -- 2.5.2 Ischiorectal Space -- 2.5.3 Posterior Anal Space -- 2.5.4 Sphincter Muscle Space -- 2.5.5 The Submucosal Space -- 2.5.6 The Pelvic-Rectal Space -- 2.5.7 The Posterior Rectal Space -- 2.6 Anorectal Arteries and Veins -- 2.6.1 Arteries -- 2.6.1.1 Superior Rectal Artery -- 2.6.1.2 Inferior Rectal Artery -- 2.6.1.3 Anal Artery -- 2.6.1.4 The Middle Sacral Artery -- 2.6.2 Veins -- 2.6.2.1 The Venous Plexus Within the Hemorrhoid. ; 2.6.2.2 External Hemorrhoid Venous Plexus -- 2.7 Anorectal and Lymphatic System -- 2.8 Anorectal Innervation -- 2.8.1 The Nerves of the Rectum -- 2.8.1.1 The Sympathetic Nerve of the Rectum -- 2.8.1.2 Parasympathetic Nerves -- 2.8.2 The Nerves of the Anal Canal -- 2.9 Anorectal Physiological Function -- Suggested Reading -- 3: The Etiology of Anal Fistula -- 3.1 The Pathogenesis of Anal Fistula in Chinese Medicine -- 3.2 The Etiology and Pathogenesis of Anal Fistula in Western Medicine -- 3.2.1 The Cause of Anal Fistula -- 3.2.1.1 Anal Gland Infection Theory -- 3.2.1.2 Central Gap Infection Theory -- 3.2.2 The Pathology of Anal Fistula -- Suggested Reading -- 4: Clinical Manifestations of Anal Fistula -- 4.1 Symptoms -- 4.1.1 Pus Outflow -- 4.1.2 Pain -- 4.1.3 Moisture and Itching -- 4.1.4 Dysdefecation -- 4.1.5 Systemic Symptoms -- 4.2 Signs -- Suggested Reading -- 5: Common Methods of Examination for Anal Fistula -- 5.1 Special Examinations of Anal Fistula -- 5.1.1 Common Positions -- 5.1.1.1 Lateral Position -- 5.1.1.2 Knee-Chest Position -- 5.1.1.3 Lithotomy Position -- 5.1.2 Inspection Methods -- 5.1.2.1 Visual Examination -- Appearance of Anus -- External Openings of Anal Fistula -- Secretions -- Skin Color Changes in the Anal Fistula Lesion Area -- The Relationship Between the Location of the External Opening and the Trend and Type of Anal Fistula -- 5.1.2.2 Palpation -- External Anal Palpation -- Anal Internal Palpation -- Bimanual Examination -- 5.1.2.3 Probe Examination -- 5.1.2.4 Anoscope Examination -- Tube and Horn Anoscope -- Leaf Anoscope -- 5.1.2.5 Inspection of Anal Crypt Hook -- 5.1.2.6 Methylene Blue Staining Examination -- Fill the Gauze Roll in the Anus -- Dye Injection -- Observation of Staining Area -- 5.2 Auxiliary Examination of Fistula -- 5.2.1 Ultrasonic Examination -- 5.2.1.1 Equipment. ; 5.2.1.2 Examination Methods -- Transanal ultrasonography -- Endoscopic Ultrasonography -- 5.2.1.3 Normal Anatomy of Transanal Ultrasound Examination -- 5.2.1.4 Ultrasonic Characteristics of Different Types of Perianal Abscesses and Anal Fistulas -- Intersphincteric Abscess, Intersphincteric Fistula (II Type) -- Ischioanal Abscess, Ischioanal Fistula (Type III) -- Pelvirectal Abscess, Pelvirectal Fistula (Type IV) -- 5.2.1.5 Accuracy of Transanal Ultrasonography -- 5.2.1.6 The Role and Significance of Ultrasound Examination -- 5.2.2 Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI) -- 5.2.2.1 Examination Methods -- 5.2.2.2 Diagnostic Value -- 5.2.2.3 MRI Features of Anal Fistula -- The Internal Opening -- Main Tract of Fistula -- Branch of Fistula -- 5.2.3 CT Examination -- 5.2.3.1 Examination Methods -- 5.2.3.2 Diagnostic Value -- 5.2.4 Fistula Angiography -- 5.2.4.1 Examination Methods -- 5.2.4.2 Diagnostic Value -- 5.2.5 Anal Fistula Endoscopy -- 5.2.5.1 Inspection Methods -- 5.2.5.2 Diagnostic Value -- 5.2.6 Pathological Examination -- 5.2.7 Bacterial Culture -- 5.2.8 General X-Ray Examination -- 5.2.9 Colonoscopy -- 5.2.9.1 Preparation Before Colonoscopy -- 5.2.9.2 Operating Methods -- 5.2.9.3 Diagnostic Value -- 5.3 Examination and Evaluation of Anal Function -- 5.3.1 Anorectal Manometry -- 5.3.1.1 Equipment -- 5.3.1.2 Detection Indicators -- Stress Indicators -- Anorectal Reflex Activity -- Wave Phase Activity of Anal Resting Pressure -- Rectal Compliance -- 5.3.2 Transanal Ultrasound Evaluation Method -- 5.3.3 Nuclear Magnetic Resonance Imaging Assessment Method -- 5.3.4 Pelvic Floor EMG Examination -- 5.3.4.1 Inspection Methods -- 5.3.4.2 Testing Indicators -- Electromyographic Activity in Resting State -- Simulated EMG Activity During Defecation -- Mild Contraction of the Myoelectric Activity. ; Strong Contraction of the Muscle Activity -- 5.3.5 Anorectal Sensory Function Examination -- 5.3.5.1 Observation Indicators -- Mucosal Electrical Sensitivity Test -- 5.3.5.2 Temperature Sense Detection -- 5.3.5.3 Rectal Volume Sensory Function -- Rectal Sensation Threshold -- Rectal Initial Intentional Capacity -- Rectal Maximum Tolerance Capacity -- 5.3.6 Anal Function Evaluation Scale -- 5.3.6.1 Rating Scale -- 5.3.6.2 Total Score Evaluation Scale -- 5.3.7 Questionnaire Survey on Patients' Quality of Life -- Suggested Reading -- 6: Classification and Diagnosis of Anal Fistula -- 6.1 Classification of Anal Fistula -- 6.1.1 Classification of Anal Fistula in Traditional Chinese Medicine -- 6.1.2 Classification of Anal Fistula in Western Medicine -- 6.1.2.1 Classification of Anal Fistula by the National Conference on Anorectal Surgery (1975) -- Low Simple Anal Fistula -- Low Complex Anal Fistula -- High Simple Anal Fistula -- High Complex Anal Fistula -- 6.1.2.2 Parks 4 Class Method (1976) -- Intersphincter Fistula (Low Anal Fistula) -- Transsphincter Anal Fistula (Low or High Anal Fistula) -- Superior Sphincter Anal Fistula (High Anal Fistula) -- External Anal Fistula of Sphincter (High Anal Fistula) -- 6.1.2.3 Yukio Sumikoshi's Classification of Anal Fistula -- 6.1.2.4 Other Taxonomies -- Classification of Fistulas Based on Internal and External Characteristics -- Classification of Fistulas Based on the Shape of Anal Fistulas -- Classification of Fistulas Based on the Relationship Between the Fistula and the Sphincter -- Classification of Fistulas Based on the Number of Internal and External Orifices and Fistulas -- Classification of Fistulas Based on the Etiology and Pathological Nature of Anal Fistulas -- Eisenhammer: Three Categories and Five Types Method (1966) -- Goligher's Classification (1975) -- 6.2 Diagnosis of Anal Fistula. ; 6.2.1 Diagnostic Methods of Anal Fistula -- 6.2.2 The Importance of Preoperative Diagnosis of Anal Fistula -- 6.2.2.1 Make Good Use of Various Inspection Means and Techniques -- 6.2.2.2 Colonoscopy Before Anal Fistula Operation Should Be Done as Much as Possible -- 6.2.2.3 Preoperative Evaluation of Anal Function Is Helpful to Formulate Individualized Treatment Plans -- 6.2.2.4 Preoperative Pathological Examination and Diagnosis If Necessary -- 6.3 Differential Diagnosis of the Third Anal Fistula -- 6.3.1 Hidradenitis Suppurativa -- 6.3.2 Perianal Folliculitis and Furuncle -- 6.3.3 Perianal Sinus Tract -- 6.3.4 Sacrococcygeal Cyst -- 6.3.5 Perineal Urethral Fistula -- 6.3.6 Sacrococcygeal Osteomyelitis -- 6.3.7 Sacroiliac Bone Tuberculosis -- 6.3.8 Rupture of Anterior Sacral Space Teratoma -- 6.3.9 Carcinoma of Anal Canal and Rectum -- Suggested Reading -- 7: The Therapeutic Principle of Fistula-in-Ano -- 7.1 Both Healing Fistula-in-Ano and Protecting Anal Function Are Equally Important -- 7.2 The Treatment of the Internal or Primary Opening and the Primary Lesion Should Be Clean and Thorough -- 7.3 Protect the Anal Sphincter as Much as Possible -- 7.4 The External Opening and Wound Should Be Properly Managed in Fistulas -- 7.5 The Selection and Individualization of Treatment Program for Fistula-in-Ano -- 7.5.1 Simple Anal Fistulas -- 7.5.1.1 Anal Fistulotomy -- 7.5.1.2 First-Stage Incision and Drainage with Anal Fistulotomy -- 7.5.1.3 Fistula Debridement and Fibrin Glue Injection -- 7.5.2 Complicated Anal Fistulas -- 7.5.2.1 Fistula Debridement and Fibrin Glue Injection -- 7.5.2.2 Anal Fistula Plug -- 7.5.2.3 Rectal Mucosa Advancement Flap -- 7.5.2.4 Seton and Fistulotomy in Stages -- 7.5.2.5 Ligation of Intersphincteric Fistula (LIFT) -- 7.5.3 Treatment of Anal Fistula in Crohn's Disease. ; 7.5.3.1 Asymptomatic Crohn's Disease Anal Fistula Does Not Require Surgical Treatment.
• Titolo autorizzato: Diagnosis and Treatment of Anal Fistula
• ISBN: 981-16-5804-8
• Formato: Materiale a stampa
• Livello bibliografico: Monografia
• Lingua di pubblicazione: Inglese
• Record Nr.: 9910510569203321
• Lo trovi qui: Univ. Federico II