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The design of aircraft landing gear / / by Robert Kyle Schmidt
The design of aircraft landing gear / / by Robert Kyle Schmidt
Autore Schmidt Robert Kyle
Edizione [1st ed.]
Pubbl/distr/stampa Warrendale, Pa. (400 Commonwealth Dr., Warrendale PA USA) : , : Society of Automotive Engineers, , 2021
Descrizione fisica 1 online resource (1 PDF (1,090 pages)) : illustrations
Disciplina 629.134381
Collana Society of Automotive Engineers. Electronic publications
Soggetto topico Airplanes - Landing gear - Design and construction
TECHNOLOGY & ENGINEERING / Aeronautics & Astronautics
Aerospace and aviation technology
Astronautics
ISBN 0-7680-8345-1
1-5231-4041-0
0-7680-9943-9
Formato Materiale a stampa
Livello bibliografico Monografia
Lingua di pubblicazione eng
Nota di contenuto Cover -- Table of Contents -- Acknowledgements -- Preface -- A Note on Units -- CHAPTER 1 Introduction -- Brief History of Landing Gear -- Design Process -- Nomenclature -- Book Outline -- References -- CHAPTER 2 Airfield Compatibility -- Flotation/Ground Compatibility -- Common Concepts in Ground Compatibility -- General Overview -- California Bearing Ratio -- Modulus of Subgrade Reaction, k -- Ground Compatibility Nomenclature -- Ground Contact Pressure -- Landing Gear Arrangement Nomenclature -- Ground Compatibility (Flotation) Analysis -- Unpaved Surfaces -- Soil and Grass. -- Unpaved Analysis Method ASD-TR-68-34. -- Alternative Unpaved Analysis Methods. -- Gravel/Aggregate Airfields. -- Paved Surfaces -- Pavement Design Analysis. -- Layered Elastic and Finite Element Analysis. -- Flexible Pavements-Historic Approach. -- Rigid Pavements-Historic Approach. -- Pavement Strength Reporting Methods. -- Load Classification Number/Load Classification Group Method. -- Modern Methods for Paved Runways-ACN/PCN and ACR/PCR. -- ACN/PCN. -- ACR/PCR. -- Membrane and Mat Surfaces -- PCASE Software for Flotation Analysis -- Engineered Materials Arresting Systems (EMAS) -- Snow and Ice Runways -- Prepared Snow Runways. -- Ice Runways. -- Helidecks and Heliports -- Naval Vessels/Aircraft Carriers -- Aircraft Carriers. -- Amphibious Warfare Ships. -- Maneuvering -- ICAO Airport Standards -- Required Maneuvers-NAS3601 -- Required Maneuvers-Land-Based Military Aircraft -- Required Maneuvers-Shipboard Military Aircraft -- Surface Texture and Profile -- Paved Runways -- Micro/Macrotexture -- Runway Roughness/Profile and Obstacles -- Roughness Measurement Techniques -- Power Spectral Density Approach -- Boeing Bump Method -- International Roughness Index -- Short Wavelength Roughness -- ProFAA Roughness Evaluation Tool -- Industry Standard Roughness Profiles.
Bomb Damage Repair -- Arrestor Cables -- Unsurfaced Runways -- Deck/Helideck -- References -- CHAPTER 3 Tires -- Tire Construction and Terminology -- Construction Terminology -- Tire Dimensions and Properties -- Inflation Pressure -- Tire Temperatures -- Tire Classification -- Selection between Bias and Radial Tires -- Manufacturing, Certification, and Standardization -- Tire Sizing -- Tire Sizing Formulae -- Tire Sizing Requirements -- Tire Tables -- Tire Performance and Modeling -- Mechanics of Pneumatic Tires -- Rolling Behavior -- Turning Behavior -- Vertical Stiffness -- Braking Behavior -- Tire-Ground Friction -- Wet Runways and Hydroplaning -- Snow and Ice -- Wear -- Tire Property and Behavior Models -- NASA Technical Report R-64 -- Brush Model and Fiala Model -- Beam and String Models -- Magic Formula Model -- Undesirable Tire Behavior -- Spray -- Debris Lofting -- Tire Failure Modes -- Modeling Tire Failure Events -- Model 1: Tire Debris Threat Model -- Model 3E: Flailing Tire Strip Threat Model -- Model 3R: Flailing Tire Strip Threat Model -- Model 4: Tire Burst Pressure Effect Threat Model -- Understanding the Impact of Tire Failures -- References -- CHAPTER 4 Wheels, Brakes, and Brake Control -- Brakes -- Aircraft Deceleration -- Brake Sizing -- Energy -- Kinetic Energy Calculation -- Rational Brake Energy Calculation -- Torque -- Brake Design -- Brake Actuation -- Mechanical Connection to the Landing Gear Structure -- Weight -- Wheel and Brake Certification and Recommended Practices -- Brake Issues and Concerns -- Vibration -- Failure and Degradation Modes -- Braking Accessories -- Brake Cooling Fans -- Brake Temperature Measuring Systems -- Retraction Braking -- Wheels -- Bearing Selection and Preload -- Over Temperature and Over Pressure Relief -- Wheel Mass -- Failure Modes -- Bearing Failure -- Wheel Rim Release -- Brake Control.
Brake Control Architectures -- Antiskid and Related Functions -- Braking Efficiency -- Antiskid Dynamics -- Antiskid Hardware -- Autobrake -- Failure Modes -- References -- CHAPTER 5 Layout, Stability, and Maneuverability -- Tricycle Arrangement -- Conventional (Taildragger) Configuration -- Bicycle Configuration -- Maneuvering -- References -- CHAPTER 6 General Arrangement -- Energy Absorption -- Aircraft Structural Arrangement -- Landing Gear Topologies -- Common Considerations -- Caster -- Wheel Alignment -- Cantilever -- Cantilever Gear Bearing Overlap -- Pogo-Stick Design -- Torque Links and Splines -- Semi-Articulated -- Articulated -- Side-Hinged Articulated -- Multi-Wheel Bogie Arrangements -- Other Configurations -- Wheel-Less Configurations -- Skids and Skis -- Adaptive Structure -- Seaplanes, Floats, and Hydrofoils -- Air Cushion -- References -- CHAPTER 7 Shock Absorbers -- Damping -- Friction Damping -- Hydraulic Damping -- Other Damping Types -- Recoil Damping -- Structural Spring Types -- Coil Spring -- Ring-Spring -- Leaf Spring -- Elastomeric -- Pneumatic -- Liquid Spring -- Liquid Spring Sizing -- Liquid Spring Examples and Issues -- Oleo-Pneumatic -- Oleo-Pneumatic Sizing -- Refinements -- Real Gas Model -- Inflation Gas Solubility in Oil -- Design for Real-World Operation -- Example Single Stage Oleo-Pneumatic Shock Absorbers -- Multiple Stage Oleo-Pneumatic Shock Absorbers -- Active Shock Absorbers -- Shock Absorber Design Considerations -- Seals -- Inflation and Fill Valves -- Servicing -- Shock Absorber Oil -- Single Use Shock Absorbers: Crashworthiness and Space Applications -- Rotorcraft Ground Resonance -- References -- CHAPTER 8 Retraction, Kinematics, and Mechanisms -- Retraction/Extension -- Sliding Systems -- Hinged Systems -- Parallelogram Arrangements -- Secondary Motion -- Additional Hinge Axis -- Wheel Rotation.
Planing Mechanisms -- Shortening -- Bogie Positioning -- Bogie-Controlled Articulation -- Stabilization, Locking, and Unlocking -- Planar Braces -- Telescopic Braces -- Rolling-Folding Braces -- Dual Brace (Rolling-Folding) -- Plunger Locks -- Over-Center Locks -- Self-Breaking Locks -- Latch Locks -- Ground Locks -- Springs -- Door Mechanisms -- Gear-Actuated Doors -- Independently Actuated Doors -- Ground Door Opening -- Actuation Layout and Loads -- Actuator Load Requirements -- References -- CHAPTER 9 Actuation -- Manual Actuation -- Hydraulic Actuation -- Rotary Hydraulic -- Linear Hydraulic -- Retraction Actuators -- Unlock Actuators -- Bogie Pitch Trimmers -- Internally Locking Actuators -- Collect Lock Actuators. -- Segment Lock Actuators. -- Electric Actuation -- Electro-Hydraulic -- Electro-Mechanical -- References -- CHAPTER 10 Systems -- Power Sources - Electrical, Hydraulic, and Pneumatic -- Electrical -- Hydraulic -- Typical Central Hydraulic Systems -- Dedicated Systems - Hydraulic Power Packs -- Hydraulic Components -- Pneumatic -- Sensors and Monitoring Systems -- Proximity Sensing -- Rotary and Linear Position Sensing -- Pressure and Temperature Sensing -- Electrical and Hydraulic Dressings -- Electrical Dressings -- Hydraulic Dressings -- Weight on Wheels (Air/Ground) Detection -- Extension and Retraction -- Example Systems -- Alternate Extension -- Steering and Steering Control -- Required Steering Torque -- Single Wheel Scrubbing Torque, T s -- Dual Wheel Scrubbing Torque, T s -- Steering Arrangements -- Centering -- Steer Motors and Control -- Rack and Pinion -- Push-Pull -- Rotary Steer Motor -- Shimmy Damping -- Nose Wheel Steering Examples -- Tailwheel Steering -- Main Gear Steering Examples -- Towing Concerns -- Landing and Taxi Lights -- References -- CHAPTER 11 Special Functions -- Catapult and Holdback -- Jump Strut.
Hiking and Kneeling -- Autonomous Taxi -- Tire Pre-rotation -- Tail Bumper -- Weight and Balance -- Skis -- References -- CHAPTER 12 Detail Design -- Overview -- Structural Materials -- Steel and Corrosion Resistant Steel -- Aluminum -- Titanium -- Composites -- Surface Treatments -- Surface Modification -- Wear and Sealing Surface Coatings -- Corrosion Protection Coatings -- Inspection -- Corrosion Avoidance -- Stress Corrosion Cracking -- Galvanic Corrosion Avoidance -- Fasteners -- Locking and Dual Locking -- Clearance Requirements for Fastener Installation and Maintenance -- Pins, Lugs, Sockets, and Bushings -- Initial Sizing -- Bushings -- Grease Grooves -- Bushing Installation -- Repair Allowance -- Grease Fittings and Greasing Provisions -- Grease Selection -- Pin and Lug Joint Examples -- Limits and Fits -- Metric System -- US Customary (Inch) System -- Typical Fit Classes for Landing Gear Components -- Springs -- Seals -- Electrical Bonding, Lightning, and Static Dissipation -- Shock Absorber Bearings -- Bogie Pivot Joint -- Towing, Jacking, and Tie-Down Provisions -- Tow Fittings -- Jacking -- Tie-Down -- Emergency Towing (Debogging) -- Crashworthiness -- Fuse Pins -- Maintainability and Murphy Proofing -- References -- CHAPTER 13 Loads, Structural Analysis, and Testing -- Loads -- Ground Loads -- Asymmetrical Loads on Multiple Wheel Landing Gears -- Book Cases -- Taxi, Takeoff, and Landing Roll. -- Braked Roll Conditions. -- Turning. -- Tailwheel-Specific Cases. -- Nose-Wheel-Specific Cases. -- Pivoting. -- Reverse Braking. -- Rational Loads -- Landing Loads -- Level Landing Conditions. -- Tail-Down Landing Condition. -- One Gear Conditions. -- Lateral Drift Landing Case (Side Load). -- Rebound and Free Extension. -- Shock Absorber Pressures. -- Sailplane Specific Loads -- Level Landing Conditions. -- Tail-Down Landing Conditions.
One-Wheel Landing Condition.
Record Nr. UNINA-9910794668703321
Schmidt Robert Kyle  
Warrendale, Pa. (400 Commonwealth Dr., Warrendale PA USA) : , : Society of Automotive Engineers, , 2021
Materiale a stampa
Lo trovi qui: Univ. Federico II
Opac: Controlla la disponibilità qui
The design of aircraft landing gear / / by Robert Kyle Schmidt
The design of aircraft landing gear / / by Robert Kyle Schmidt
Autore Schmidt Robert Kyle
Edizione [1st ed.]
Pubbl/distr/stampa Warrendale, Pa. (400 Commonwealth Dr., Warrendale PA USA) : , : Society of Automotive Engineers, , 2021
Descrizione fisica 1 online resource (1 PDF (1,090 pages)) : illustrations
Disciplina 629.134381
Collana Society of Automotive Engineers. Electronic publications
Soggetto topico Airplanes - Landing gear - Design and construction
TECHNOLOGY & ENGINEERING / Aeronautics & Astronautics
Aerospace and aviation technology
Astronautics
ISBN 0-7680-8345-1
1-5231-4041-0
0-7680-9943-9
Formato Materiale a stampa
Livello bibliografico Monografia
Lingua di pubblicazione eng
Nota di contenuto Cover -- Table of Contents -- Acknowledgements -- Preface -- A Note on Units -- CHAPTER 1 Introduction -- Brief History of Landing Gear -- Design Process -- Nomenclature -- Book Outline -- References -- CHAPTER 2 Airfield Compatibility -- Flotation/Ground Compatibility -- Common Concepts in Ground Compatibility -- General Overview -- California Bearing Ratio -- Modulus of Subgrade Reaction, k -- Ground Compatibility Nomenclature -- Ground Contact Pressure -- Landing Gear Arrangement Nomenclature -- Ground Compatibility (Flotation) Analysis -- Unpaved Surfaces -- Soil and Grass. -- Unpaved Analysis Method ASD-TR-68-34. -- Alternative Unpaved Analysis Methods. -- Gravel/Aggregate Airfields. -- Paved Surfaces -- Pavement Design Analysis. -- Layered Elastic and Finite Element Analysis. -- Flexible Pavements-Historic Approach. -- Rigid Pavements-Historic Approach. -- Pavement Strength Reporting Methods. -- Load Classification Number/Load Classification Group Method. -- Modern Methods for Paved Runways-ACN/PCN and ACR/PCR. -- ACN/PCN. -- ACR/PCR. -- Membrane and Mat Surfaces -- PCASE Software for Flotation Analysis -- Engineered Materials Arresting Systems (EMAS) -- Snow and Ice Runways -- Prepared Snow Runways. -- Ice Runways. -- Helidecks and Heliports -- Naval Vessels/Aircraft Carriers -- Aircraft Carriers. -- Amphibious Warfare Ships. -- Maneuvering -- ICAO Airport Standards -- Required Maneuvers-NAS3601 -- Required Maneuvers-Land-Based Military Aircraft -- Required Maneuvers-Shipboard Military Aircraft -- Surface Texture and Profile -- Paved Runways -- Micro/Macrotexture -- Runway Roughness/Profile and Obstacles -- Roughness Measurement Techniques -- Power Spectral Density Approach -- Boeing Bump Method -- International Roughness Index -- Short Wavelength Roughness -- ProFAA Roughness Evaluation Tool -- Industry Standard Roughness Profiles.
Bomb Damage Repair -- Arrestor Cables -- Unsurfaced Runways -- Deck/Helideck -- References -- CHAPTER 3 Tires -- Tire Construction and Terminology -- Construction Terminology -- Tire Dimensions and Properties -- Inflation Pressure -- Tire Temperatures -- Tire Classification -- Selection between Bias and Radial Tires -- Manufacturing, Certification, and Standardization -- Tire Sizing -- Tire Sizing Formulae -- Tire Sizing Requirements -- Tire Tables -- Tire Performance and Modeling -- Mechanics of Pneumatic Tires -- Rolling Behavior -- Turning Behavior -- Vertical Stiffness -- Braking Behavior -- Tire-Ground Friction -- Wet Runways and Hydroplaning -- Snow and Ice -- Wear -- Tire Property and Behavior Models -- NASA Technical Report R-64 -- Brush Model and Fiala Model -- Beam and String Models -- Magic Formula Model -- Undesirable Tire Behavior -- Spray -- Debris Lofting -- Tire Failure Modes -- Modeling Tire Failure Events -- Model 1: Tire Debris Threat Model -- Model 3E: Flailing Tire Strip Threat Model -- Model 3R: Flailing Tire Strip Threat Model -- Model 4: Tire Burst Pressure Effect Threat Model -- Understanding the Impact of Tire Failures -- References -- CHAPTER 4 Wheels, Brakes, and Brake Control -- Brakes -- Aircraft Deceleration -- Brake Sizing -- Energy -- Kinetic Energy Calculation -- Rational Brake Energy Calculation -- Torque -- Brake Design -- Brake Actuation -- Mechanical Connection to the Landing Gear Structure -- Weight -- Wheel and Brake Certification and Recommended Practices -- Brake Issues and Concerns -- Vibration -- Failure and Degradation Modes -- Braking Accessories -- Brake Cooling Fans -- Brake Temperature Measuring Systems -- Retraction Braking -- Wheels -- Bearing Selection and Preload -- Over Temperature and Over Pressure Relief -- Wheel Mass -- Failure Modes -- Bearing Failure -- Wheel Rim Release -- Brake Control.
Brake Control Architectures -- Antiskid and Related Functions -- Braking Efficiency -- Antiskid Dynamics -- Antiskid Hardware -- Autobrake -- Failure Modes -- References -- CHAPTER 5 Layout, Stability, and Maneuverability -- Tricycle Arrangement -- Conventional (Taildragger) Configuration -- Bicycle Configuration -- Maneuvering -- References -- CHAPTER 6 General Arrangement -- Energy Absorption -- Aircraft Structural Arrangement -- Landing Gear Topologies -- Common Considerations -- Caster -- Wheel Alignment -- Cantilever -- Cantilever Gear Bearing Overlap -- Pogo-Stick Design -- Torque Links and Splines -- Semi-Articulated -- Articulated -- Side-Hinged Articulated -- Multi-Wheel Bogie Arrangements -- Other Configurations -- Wheel-Less Configurations -- Skids and Skis -- Adaptive Structure -- Seaplanes, Floats, and Hydrofoils -- Air Cushion -- References -- CHAPTER 7 Shock Absorbers -- Damping -- Friction Damping -- Hydraulic Damping -- Other Damping Types -- Recoil Damping -- Structural Spring Types -- Coil Spring -- Ring-Spring -- Leaf Spring -- Elastomeric -- Pneumatic -- Liquid Spring -- Liquid Spring Sizing -- Liquid Spring Examples and Issues -- Oleo-Pneumatic -- Oleo-Pneumatic Sizing -- Refinements -- Real Gas Model -- Inflation Gas Solubility in Oil -- Design for Real-World Operation -- Example Single Stage Oleo-Pneumatic Shock Absorbers -- Multiple Stage Oleo-Pneumatic Shock Absorbers -- Active Shock Absorbers -- Shock Absorber Design Considerations -- Seals -- Inflation and Fill Valves -- Servicing -- Shock Absorber Oil -- Single Use Shock Absorbers: Crashworthiness and Space Applications -- Rotorcraft Ground Resonance -- References -- CHAPTER 8 Retraction, Kinematics, and Mechanisms -- Retraction/Extension -- Sliding Systems -- Hinged Systems -- Parallelogram Arrangements -- Secondary Motion -- Additional Hinge Axis -- Wheel Rotation.
Planing Mechanisms -- Shortening -- Bogie Positioning -- Bogie-Controlled Articulation -- Stabilization, Locking, and Unlocking -- Planar Braces -- Telescopic Braces -- Rolling-Folding Braces -- Dual Brace (Rolling-Folding) -- Plunger Locks -- Over-Center Locks -- Self-Breaking Locks -- Latch Locks -- Ground Locks -- Springs -- Door Mechanisms -- Gear-Actuated Doors -- Independently Actuated Doors -- Ground Door Opening -- Actuation Layout and Loads -- Actuator Load Requirements -- References -- CHAPTER 9 Actuation -- Manual Actuation -- Hydraulic Actuation -- Rotary Hydraulic -- Linear Hydraulic -- Retraction Actuators -- Unlock Actuators -- Bogie Pitch Trimmers -- Internally Locking Actuators -- Collect Lock Actuators. -- Segment Lock Actuators. -- Electric Actuation -- Electro-Hydraulic -- Electro-Mechanical -- References -- CHAPTER 10 Systems -- Power Sources - Electrical, Hydraulic, and Pneumatic -- Electrical -- Hydraulic -- Typical Central Hydraulic Systems -- Dedicated Systems - Hydraulic Power Packs -- Hydraulic Components -- Pneumatic -- Sensors and Monitoring Systems -- Proximity Sensing -- Rotary and Linear Position Sensing -- Pressure and Temperature Sensing -- Electrical and Hydraulic Dressings -- Electrical Dressings -- Hydraulic Dressings -- Weight on Wheels (Air/Ground) Detection -- Extension and Retraction -- Example Systems -- Alternate Extension -- Steering and Steering Control -- Required Steering Torque -- Single Wheel Scrubbing Torque, T s -- Dual Wheel Scrubbing Torque, T s -- Steering Arrangements -- Centering -- Steer Motors and Control -- Rack and Pinion -- Push-Pull -- Rotary Steer Motor -- Shimmy Damping -- Nose Wheel Steering Examples -- Tailwheel Steering -- Main Gear Steering Examples -- Towing Concerns -- Landing and Taxi Lights -- References -- CHAPTER 11 Special Functions -- Catapult and Holdback -- Jump Strut.
Hiking and Kneeling -- Autonomous Taxi -- Tire Pre-rotation -- Tail Bumper -- Weight and Balance -- Skis -- References -- CHAPTER 12 Detail Design -- Overview -- Structural Materials -- Steel and Corrosion Resistant Steel -- Aluminum -- Titanium -- Composites -- Surface Treatments -- Surface Modification -- Wear and Sealing Surface Coatings -- Corrosion Protection Coatings -- Inspection -- Corrosion Avoidance -- Stress Corrosion Cracking -- Galvanic Corrosion Avoidance -- Fasteners -- Locking and Dual Locking -- Clearance Requirements for Fastener Installation and Maintenance -- Pins, Lugs, Sockets, and Bushings -- Initial Sizing -- Bushings -- Grease Grooves -- Bushing Installation -- Repair Allowance -- Grease Fittings and Greasing Provisions -- Grease Selection -- Pin and Lug Joint Examples -- Limits and Fits -- Metric System -- US Customary (Inch) System -- Typical Fit Classes for Landing Gear Components -- Springs -- Seals -- Electrical Bonding, Lightning, and Static Dissipation -- Shock Absorber Bearings -- Bogie Pivot Joint -- Towing, Jacking, and Tie-Down Provisions -- Tow Fittings -- Jacking -- Tie-Down -- Emergency Towing (Debogging) -- Crashworthiness -- Fuse Pins -- Maintainability and Murphy Proofing -- References -- CHAPTER 13 Loads, Structural Analysis, and Testing -- Loads -- Ground Loads -- Asymmetrical Loads on Multiple Wheel Landing Gears -- Book Cases -- Taxi, Takeoff, and Landing Roll. -- Braked Roll Conditions. -- Turning. -- Tailwheel-Specific Cases. -- Nose-Wheel-Specific Cases. -- Pivoting. -- Reverse Braking. -- Rational Loads -- Landing Loads -- Level Landing Conditions. -- Tail-Down Landing Condition. -- One Gear Conditions. -- Lateral Drift Landing Case (Side Load). -- Rebound and Free Extension. -- Shock Absorber Pressures. -- Sailplane Specific Loads -- Level Landing Conditions. -- Tail-Down Landing Conditions.
One-Wheel Landing Condition.
Record Nr. UNINA-9910813252403321
Schmidt Robert Kyle  
Warrendale, Pa. (400 Commonwealth Dr., Warrendale PA USA) : , : Society of Automotive Engineers, , 2021
Materiale a stampa
Lo trovi qui: Univ. Federico II
Opac: Controlla la disponibilità qui