| Edizione | [1st ed.] |
| Pubbl/distr/stampa |
New York, : Nova Science Publishers, c2009
|
| Descrizione fisica |
1 online resource (376 p.)
|
| Disciplina |
660.6/3
|
| Altri autori (Persone) |
DumontFabian E
SaccoJack A
|
| Collana |
Biotechnology in agriculture, industry and medicine series
|
| Soggetto topico |
Biochemical engineering
|
| ISBN |
1-61728-149-2
|
| Formato |
Materiale a stampa  |
| Livello bibliografico |
Monografia |
| Lingua di pubblicazione |
eng
|
| Nota di contenuto |
Intro -- BIOCHEMICAL ENGINEERING -- BIOCHEMICAL ENGINEERING -- CONTENTS -- PREFACE -- Chapter 1 A REVIEW OF BIODIESEL AS RENEWABLE ENERGY -- Abstract -- 1. Introduction -- 1.1. Benefits of Biodiesel: Economics -- 1.2. Benefits of Biodiesel: Politics -- 1.3. Benefits of Biodiesel: Environment -- 1.4. Challenges with Biodiesel -- 2. Biodiesel Production -- 2.1. Biodiesel Reaction Chemistry -- 2.2. Rate Law -- 2.2. Reaction Temperature -- 2.3. Improving Miscibility -- 2.4. Alcohol Reagent -- 2.5. Catalyst -- Acid Catalysis -- Base Catalysis -- Heterogeneous Base Catalysts -- Solid Super Base -- Solid Catalyst -- Enzymes -- 3. Selection of Feedstock -- 3.1. Fatty Acid Content -- 3.2. Viscosity -- 3.3. Flash Point -- 3.4. Cold Flow Properties: Cloud Point and Pour Point -- 3.5. Chain Length and Degree of Saturation -- 3.6. Cetane Number -- 3.7. Energy Content -- 4. Manufacturing Art -- Post-Reaction Processing -- Biodiesel Quality Control -- 5. Economic Evaluation -- 5.1. Economic Variables -- 5.2. Raw Material Price -- 5.3. Glycerol (Glycerine) Content -- 5.4. Energy Requirements -- 5.5. Capital Costs -- 5.6. Selling Cost -- 6. Environmental Protection -- 7. Conclusion -- Reference -- Chapter 2 ENZYMATIC SYNTHESIS OF ACYL ASCORBATE AND ITS FUNCTION AS A FOOD ADDITIVE -- Abstract -- Introduction -- 1. Optimal Conditions for Enzymatic Synthesis of Acyl Ascorbate in a Batch Reaction -- 2. Continuous Production of Acyl Ascorbate Using a CSTR or PFR -- 3. Solubility of Acyl Ascorbate in Water and Oil -- 4. Stability of Acyl Ascorbate in an Aqueous Solution and Air -- 5. Emulsifier Property of Acyl Ascorbate -- 6. Antioxidative Ability of Acyl Ascorbate against a Lipid in a Bulk System -- 7. Application of Acyl Ascorbate for Microencapsulation of a Lipid -- Conclusion -- Acknowledgements -- References.
Chapter 3APPLICATION OF A NATURAL BIOPOLYMERPOLY (γ-GLUTAMIC ACID) AS A BIOFLOCCULANTAND ADSORBENT FOR CATIONIC DYES ANDCHEMICAL MUTAGENS: AN OVERVIEW -- Abstract -- 1. Introduction -- 2. Biosynthesis and Physico-chemical Properties of γ-PGA -- 2.1. Biosynthesis -- 2.2. Physico-chemical Properties -- 2.3. Structural Characteristics -- 3. γ-PGA as a Bioflocculant -- 3.1. Assay of Flocculation Activity and Flocculation Rate -- 3.2. Effect of γ-PGA Concentration and Molecular Weight -- 3.3. Effect of Added Metal Cations and pH -- 3.4. Effect of Temperature -- 3.5. Effect of Various Inorganic and Organic Suspensions -- 3.6. Effect of Crosslinking Poly(γ-glutamic Acid) -- 3.7. Mechanism of Flocculation -- 4. γ-PGA as an Adsorbent of Cationic Dyes -- 4.1. Adsorption Kinetics -- 4.1.1. Boyd's Ion Exchange Model -- 4.1.2. Mass Transport Mechanism -- 4.2. Adsorption Isotherms -- 4.3. Effect of Temperature -- 4.4. γ-PGA Dose-activity Relationship -- 4.5. Effect of pH -- 4.6. Effect of Electrolytes -- 4.7. Recovery of Adsorbed Dyes -- 4.8. Infra-Red (IR) Spectra of Untreated and Dye-treated γ-PGA -- 5. γ-PGA as an Adsorbent of Chemical Mutagens -- 5.1. Binding of Mutagenic Heterocyclic Amines at Gastrointestinal pH -- 5.2. Suppressive Effect on SOS Response of Salmonella typhimurium Inducedby Chemical Mutagens -- 6. Conclusion -- References -- Chapter 4MOLECULAR IMPRINTED POLYMERSIN BIOMACROMOLECULES RECOGNITION -- Abstract -- 1. Introduction -- 2. Molecular Imprinting in Aqueous Media -- 3. Surface Imprinting -- 4. Epitope Approach: A Small Structural Element forthe Whole Molecule Recognition -- 5. Mechanism of the Molecular Imprinting and Recognition -- 6. Conclusion -- Acknowledgement -- References -- Chapter 5UNCOUPLED ENERGY METABOLISM FOR SLUDGEREDUCTION IN THE ACTIVATED SLUDGE PROCESS -- Abstract -- Introduction.
2. Strategies for Minimizing Biomass Production -- 2.1. Lysis-cryptic Growth -- 2.2. Bacteriovoric Metabolism -- 2.3. Maintenance Metabolism -- 2.4. Uncoupled Energy Metabolism -- 3. Uncoupled Energy Metabolism -- 3.1. Mechanism of Energy Coupling -- 1.The Chemical Coupling Hypothesis -- 2. The Conformational Coupling Hypothesis -- 3. The Chemiosmotic Hypothesis -- 3.2. Mechanism of Uncoupling of Oxidative Phosphorylation -- 1. The Presence of Excess Carbon Source and Limited Nutrients -- 2. At Unfavorable Temperatures -- 3. The Presence of Inhibitory Compounds -- 3.3. Application of Uncoupling of Oxidative Phosphorylation -- 3.4. Modeling of Uncoupled Energy Metabolism -- 3.5. Molecular Analyses -- References -- Chapter 6MEMBRANE TECHNOLOGY IN THE FISHERYINDUSTRY - A STATE OF THE ART -- Abstract -- 1. Introduction -- 2. Fundamentals of Pressure-Driven Membrane Process -- 3. Application of Pressure- Driven Membrane Processin the Fishery Industry -- 3.1. Microfiltration -- 3.2. Ultrafiltration -- 3.3. Reverse Osmosis -- 3.4. Nanofiltration -- 4. Summary -- References -- Chapter 7AMYLASE PRODUCTION BY ASPERGILLUS ORYZAEIN SUBMERGED AND SOLID STATE FERMENTATIONS -- Abstract -- Introduction -- Materials and Methods -- Microorganism -- Inoculum Preparation -- Submerged Fermentations -- Assay of Amylase Activity -- Effect of Temperature and pH on Amylase Activity -- Solid State Fermentation (SSF) -- Optimization of Process Parameters in SSF -- Extraction of the Enzyme -- Results and Discussion -- Amylases Production in Food Wastes Supplemented with Starch -- Effect of pH and Temperature on the Stability of Enzymes -- Optimization of TAA Production in Solid State Fermentation (SSF) -- Conclusions -- References -- Chapter 8MAMMALIAN CELL ENCLOSING CAPSULESAND FIBER PRODUCTION IN A CO-FLOWINGAMBIENT LIQUID STREAM -- Abstract -- Introduction.
Droplets Production via Jetting Process -- Cell Encapsulation in Microcapsules -- Agarose Microcapsules -- Alginate-agarose Composite and Agarose-Gelatin Conjugate Microcapsules -- Enzymatically-crosslinked Alginate Microcapsules -- Cell Encapsulation in Ca-alginate Gel Fibers -- Conclusion -- References -- Chapter 9EFFECT OF SHEAR STRESS ON WASTEWATERTREATMENT SYSTEMS PERFORMANCE -- Abstract -- Introduction -- Shear Stress and Mass Transfer Coefficients -- Impact Stress -- Hydraulic Stress Generated by Gas -- Hydraulic Stress Generated by Liquid -- Conclusion -- Acknowledgements -- References -- Chapter 10THE ROLE OF BIOFILM AND FLOC STRUCTUREIN BIOLOGICAL WASTEWATER TREATMENTMODELLING -- Abstract -- Introduction -- Monod Kinetics -- Fick's Laws of Diffusion -- The Role of Floc Structure in Activated Sludge Modelling -- The Role of Biofilm Structure in Biofilm Modelling -- Problems and Current Trends in Activated Sludge and BiofilmModelling -- Conclusions -- References -- Chapter 11INTERACTION OF CR (VI) WITH GREENMICROALGAE GROWTH: A COMPARATIVE STUDY -- Abstract -- 1. Introduction -- 2. Modelling -- 3. Materials and Methods -- 3.1. Microalgae -- 3.2. Growth Medium -- 3.3. Cr(VI) Solutions -- 3.4. Analytical Techniques -- 3.5. Experimental Procedures -- 4. Results and Discussion -- 4.1. Experiments under the Same Initial pH Value (T = 24.6 oC, pH = 6.5) -- 4.2. Experiments with Different Initial pH Values (T = 20.8 oC, pH = 6.5 andpH = 7.9) -- 4.2.1. Effect of pH -- 4.2.2. Temperature Influence -- 4.3. Effect of Cr(VI) on Growth Kinetics -- 4.4. Effect of Cr(VI) on Metabolites Production -- 4.5. Effect of Cr(VI) on Biomass Settling -- 5. Conclusions -- Acknowledgements -- References -- Chapter 12SHORT-TERM EFFECTS OF GLUCOSE ADDITIONON NITRIFICATION AND ACTIVATED SLUDGESETTLEMENT IN SEQUENCING BATCH REACTORS -- Abstract -- 1. Introduction.
2. Materials and Methods -- 2.1. Nitrification Enrichment -- 2.2. Analytical Methods -- 3. Results -- 3.1. Short-term Dynamics of Various Nitrogen Forms in the Two SBRs -- 3.2. Typical Cycle Study in the Two SBRs -- 3.3. Short-term Dynamics of Biomass Concentration in the Two SBRs -- 3.4. Morphology and Extracellular polymeric Substances of ActivatedSludge Flocs -- 4. Discussion -- 4.1. Effect of the Glucose Addition on the Activity of Nitrification -- 4.1.1. Effect of Carbon Substrates -- 4.1.2. Effect of Microbial Distribution -- 4.1.3. Effect of SRT -- 4.2. Nitrite Accumulation Analysis -- 4.3. Effect of Glucose Addition on the Settlement of Activated Sludge Flocs -- 5. Conclusion -- References -- Chapter 13ACACIA CAVEN (MOL.) MOLINA POLLENPROTEASES. APPLICATION TO THE PEPTIDESYNTHESIS AND TO LAUNDRY DETERGENTS -- Abstract -- Introduction -- Materials and Methods -- Plant Material -- Elution of the Enzyme from the Pollen Wall -- Chemical Reagents -- Proteolytic Activity Assays -- Effect of ph and Temperature on Proteolytic Activity -- Thermostability of Acacia Caven Crude Extract -- Effect of Surfactants on the Proteolytic Activity of Acacia Caven CrudeExtract -- Effect of Commercial Detergent on the Proteolityc Activity of Acacia CavenCrude Extract -- Enzymatic Synthesis Reaction Conditions -- Analytical Control of Enzymatic Synthesis -- RP-HPLC -- HPLC-MS -- Results and Discussion -- Conclusion -- Acknowledgements -- References -- Chapter 14DEACTIVATION AND REJUVENATIONOF PHOSPHORUS ACCUMULATING ORGANISMSIN THE PARALLEL AN/AO PROCESS -- Abstract -- 1. Introduction -- 2 Materials and Methods -- 2.1. The Parallel AN/AO Process -- 2.2. Anaerobic-anoxic SBR Reactors -- 2.3. Wastewater and Analysis -- 3. Results and Discussions -- 3.1. PAO Deactivation -- 3.1.1. PAO Deactivation in Parallel AN/AO Reactors -- 3.1.2. PAO Deactivation in SBR Reactors.
3.2. PAO Rejuvenation.
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| Record Nr. | UNINA-9910808040503321 |
Info
Biochemical engineering [[electronic resource] /] / Fabian E. Dumont and Jack A. Sacco, editors