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Video and multimedia transmissions over cellular networks : analysis, modeling, and optimization in live 3G mobile networks / / Markus Rupp
Video and multimedia transmissions over cellular networks : analysis, modeling, and optimization in live 3G mobile networks / / Markus Rupp
Autore Rupp Markus <1963->
Pubbl/distr/stampa Chichester, West Sussex, U.K. ; , : Wiley, , 2009
Descrizione fisica 1 online resource (414 p.)
Disciplina 006.7
Soggetto topico Multimedia communications
Wireless communication systems
Mobile computing
Video telephone
ISBN 1-282-29168-8
9786612291685
0-470-74777-3
0-470-74776-5
Formato Materiale a stampa
Livello bibliografico Monografia
Lingua di pubblicazione eng
Nota di contenuto -- List of Contributors xiii -- About the Contributors xv -- Foreword xix -- Preface xxi -- Acknowledgements xxv -- List of Abbreviations xxvii -- I Cellular Mobile Systems 1 -- 1 Introduction to Radio and Core Networks of UMTS 5 /Philipp Svoboda and Wolfgang Karner -- 1.1 UMTS Network Architecture 7 -- 1.2 UTRAN Architecture 8 -- 1.2.1 UTRAN Protocol Architecture 9 -- 1.2.2 Physical Layer Data Processing in the UTRAN Radio Interface 13 -- 1.3 UMTSPS-core Network Architecture 16 -- 1.4 A Data Session in a 3GNetwork 18 -- 1.4.1 The UMTS (PS-core) Protocol Stack 19 -- 1.4.2 The Protocols 20 -- 1.4.3 Bearer Speed in UMTS 23 -- 1.5 Differences between 2.5G and 3G Core Network Entities 23 -- 1.5.1 GPRS Channels 24 -- 1.5.2 GPRS Core Network Architecture 25 -- 1.5.3 The GPRS Protocol Stack 25 -- 1.5.4 Bearer Speed in GPRS and EDGE 27 -- 1.6 HSDPA: an Evolutionary Step 27 -- 1.6.1 Architecture of HSDPA 28 -- 1.6.2 Difference between UMTS and HSDPA 29 -- 1.6.3 Transport and Control Channels 31 -- References 32 -- II Analysis and Modelling of the Wireless Link 35 -- 2 Measurement-based Analysis of UMTS Link Characteristics 39 /Wolfgang Karner -- 2.1 Measurement Setup 40 -- 2.1.1 General Setup 40 -- 2.1.2 Mobility Scenarios 42 -- 2.2 Link Error Analysis 46 -- 2.2.1 Link Error Probability 46 -- 2.2.2 Number of erroneous TBs in TTIs 48 -- 2.2.3 TTI-burstlength,TTI-gaplength 48 -- 2.2.4 TB Error Bursts, TB Error Clusters 50 -- 2.2.5 The Influence of TPC on Link Error Characteristics 52 -- 2.2.6 Statistical Dependency between Successive Gaps/Bursts 54 -- 2.2.7 Block Error Ratio (BLER) 55 -- 2.3 Dynamic Bearer Type Switching 56 -- 2.3.1 Measurement-based Analysis of Dynamic Bearer Type Switching 57 -- References 60 -- 3 Modelling of Link Layer Characteristics 61 /Wolfgang Karner -- 3.1 Modelling Erroneous Channels / A Literature Survey 61 -- 3.2 Link Error Models for the UMTSDCH 66 -- 3.2.1 Link Error Modelling / 'Dynamic' Case 67 -- 3.2.2 Link Error Modelling / 'Static' Case 69.
3.3 Impact of Channel Modelling on the Quality of Services for Streamed Video 75 -- 3.3.1 Compared Models 76 -- 3.3.2 Experimental Setup 76 -- 3.3.3 Simulation Results for H.264 Encoded Video over Error Prone Links 78 -- 3.4 A Dynamic Bearer Type Switching Model 83 -- 3.4.1 Four-state Markov Model 83 -- 3.4.2 Enhanced Four-state Model 84 -- References 86 -- 4 Analysis of Link Error Predictability in the UTRAN 89 /Wolfgang Karner -- 4.1 Prediction of Low Error Probability Intervals 90 -- 4.1.1 Detection of Start of Intervals 90 -- 4.1.2 Interval Length Li 91 -- 4.2 Estimation of Expected Failure Rate 92 -- References 95 -- III Video Coding and Error Handling 97 -- 5 Principles of Video Coding 101 /Olivia Nemethova -- 5.1 Video Compression 101 -- 5.1.1 Video Sampling 101 -- 5.1.2 Compression Mechanisms 103 -- 5.1.3 Structure of Video Streams 107 -- 5.1.4 Profiles and Levels 108 -- 5.1.5 Reference Software 108 -- 5.2 H.264/AVC Video Streaming in Error-prone Environment 109 -- 5.2.1 Error Propagation 109 -- 5.2.2 Standardized Error Resilience Techniques 110 -- 5.2.3 Alternative Error Resilience Techniques 111 -- 5.3 Error Concealment 112 -- 5.3.1 Spatial Error Concealment 113 -- 5.3.2 Temporal Error Concealment Methods 115 -- 5.4 Performance Indicators 118 -- References 120 -- 6 Error Detection Mechanisms for Encoded Video Streams 125 /Luca Superiori, Claudio Weidmann and Olivia Nemethova -- 6.1 Syntax Analysis 126 -- 6.1.1 Structure of VCL NALUs 126 -- 6.1.2 Rules of Syntax Analysis 128 -- 6.1.3 Error-handling Mechanism 131 -- 6.1.4 Simulation Setup 133 -- 6.1.5 Subjective Quality Comparison 134 -- 6.1.6 Detection Performance 135 -- 6.2 Pixel-domain Impairment Detection 137 -- 6.2.1 Impairments in the Inter Frames 137 -- 6.2.2 Impairments in the Intra Frames 138 -- 6.2.3 Performance Results 139 -- 6.3 Fragile Watermarking 140 -- 6.4 VLC Resynchronization 146 -- 6.4.1 Signalling of Synchronization Points 146 -- 6.4.2 Codes for Length Indicators 148 -- 6.5 From Error Detection to Soft Decoding 151.
6.5.1 Sequential CAVLC Decoder 152 -- 6.5.2 Additional Synchronization Points 153 -- 6.5.3 Postprocessing 154 -- 6.5.4 Performance 154 -- References 157 -- IV Error Resilient Video Transmission over UMTS 159 -- 7 3GPP Video Services / Video Codecs, Content Delivery Protocols and Optimization Potentials 163 /Thomas Stockhammer and Jiangtao Wen -- 7.1 3GPP Video Services 163 -- 7.1.1 Introduction 163 -- 7.1.2 System Overview 164 -- 7.1.3 Video Codecs in 3GPP 166 -- 7.1.4 Bearer and Transport QoS 169 -- 7.1.5 QoS using Video Error Resilience 171 -- 7.2 Selected QoS Tools / Principles and Experimental Results 171 -- 7.2.1 3GDedicatedChannelLinkLayer 171 -- 7.2.2 Experimental Results for Conversational Video 173 -- 7.2.3 Experimental Results for Moderate-delay Applications 175 -- 7.2.4 System Design Guidelines 177 -- 7.3 Selected Service Examples 178 -- 7.3.1 Multimedia Telephony Services 178 -- 7.3.2 Multimedia Download Delivery 180 -- 7.3.3 Multimedia Streaming Services over MBMS 181 -- 7.4 Conclusions 184 -- References 184 -- 8 Cross-layer Error Resilience Mechanisms 187 /Olivia Nemethova, Wolfgang Karner and Claudio Weidmann -- 8.1 Link Layer Aware Error Detection 188 -- 8.1.1 Error Detection at RLC Layer 188 -- 8.1.2 RLCPDU Based VLC Resynchronization 189 -- 8.1.3 Error Detection and VLC Resynchronization Efficiency 191 -- 8.2 Link Error Prediction Based Redundancy Control 192 -- 8.2.1 Redundancy Control 192 -- 8.3 Semantics-aware Scheduling 196 -- 8.3.1 Scheduling Mechanism 196 -- 8.3.2 Performance Evaluation 199 -- 8.4 Distortion-aware Scheduling 202 -- 8.4.1 Scheduling Mechanism.202 -- 8.4.2 Distortion Estimation 203 -- 8.4.3 Performance Evaluation 207 -- References 209 -- V Monitoring and QoS Measurement 211 -- 9 Traffic and Performance Monitoring in a Real UMTS Network 215 /Fabio Ricciato -- 9.1 Introduction to Traffic Monitoring 215 -- 9.2 Network Monitoring via Traffic Monitoring: the Present and the Vision 216 -- 9.3 AMonitoringFrameworkfor3GNetworks 219 -- 9.4 Examples of Network-centric Applications 220.
9.4.1 Optimization in the Core Network Design 220 -- 9.4.2 Parameter Optimization 221 -- 9.4.3 What-if Analysis 222 -- 9.4.4 Detecting Anomalies 223 -- 9.5 Examples of User-centric Applications 224 -- 9.5.1 Traffic Classification 225 -- 9.5.2 QoS and QoE monitoring 226 -- 9.6 Summary 226 -- References 227 -- 10 Traffic Analysis for UMTS Network Validation and Troubleshooting 229 /Fabio Ricciato and Peter Romirer-Maierhofer -- 10.1 Case study: Bottleneck Detection 229 -- 10.1.1 Motivations and Problem Statement 229 -- 10.1.2 Input Traces 233 -- 10.1.3 Diagnosis based on Aggregate Traffic Rate Moments 234 -- 10.1.4 Diagnosis based on TCP Performance Indicators 239 -- 10.2 Case Study: Analysis of One-way Delays 243 -- 10.2.1 Motivations 243 -- 10.2.2 Measurement Methodology 244 -- 10.2.3 Detecting Micro Congestion Caused by High-rate Scanners 245 -- 10.2.4 Revealing Network Equipment Problems 249 -- 10.2.5 Exploiting One-way Delays for Online Anomaly Detection 250 -- References 254 -- 11 End-to-End Video Quality Measurements 257 /Michal Ries -- 11.1 Test Methodology for Subjective Video Testing 260 -- 11.1.1 Video Quality Evaluation 261 -- 11.1.2 Subjective Testing 263 -- 11.1.3 Source Materials 263 -- 11.2 Results of Subjective Quality Tests 265 -- 11.2.1 Subjective Quality Tests on SIF Resolution and H.264/AVC Codec 265 -- 11.3 Video Quality Estimation 267 -- 11.3.1 Temporal Segmentation 267 -- 11.3.2 Video Content Classification 268 -- 11.3.3 Content Sensitive Features 268 -- 11.3.4 Hypothesis Testing and Content Classification 274 -- 11.3.5 Video Quality Estimation for SIF-H.264 Resolution 275 -- 11.3.6 Content Based Video Quality Estimation 276 -- 11.3.7 Ensemble Based Quality Estimation 280 -- References 283 -- VI Packet Switched Traffic / Evolution and Modelling 287 -- 12 Traffic Description 291 /Philipp Svoboda -- 12.1 Introduction 291 -- 12.1.1 Analysed Traces 291 -- 12.1.2 Daily Usage Profile for UMTS and GPRS 292 -- 12.2 Volume and User Population 293 -- 12.2.1 Volumes and User Population in GPRS and UMTS 293.
12.2.2 Fraction of Volume per Service 296 -- 12.2.3 Service Mix Diurnal Profile 298 -- 12.2.4 Grouping Subscribers per Service Access 300 -- 12.2.5 Filtering in the Port Analysis 301 -- 12.3 Analysis of the PDP-context Activity 301 -- 12.3.1 Per-user Activity 302 -- 12.3.2 Distribution of PDP-context Duration 302 -- 12.3.3 The Volume of a PDP-context 307 -- 12.3.4 Total Volume and Number of PDP-contexts per Group 308 -- 12.4 Detecting and Filtering of Malicious Traffic 309 -- References 311 -- 13 Traffic Flows 313 /Philipp Svoboda -- 13.1 Introduction to Flow Analysis 313 -- 13.1.1 Heavy Tailed 314 -- 13.1.2 The Flow 315 -- 13.1.3 Protocol Shares 317 -- 13.2 Fitting of Distributions to Empirical Data 317 -- 13.2.1 Pre-evaluation of the Dataset 317 -- 13.2.2 Parameter Estimation 318 -- 13.2.3 Goodness of Fit 321 -- 13.3 Flows Statistics 321 -- 13.3.1 Evolution of the TCP/UDP and Application Flow Lengths from 2005 to 2007 321 -- 13.3.2 Example Validation of the Datasets 322 -- 13.3.3 Scaling Analysis of the Heavy Tail Parameter 323 -- 13.3.4 Fitting Flow Size and Duration 324 -- 13.3.5 Mice and Elephants in Traffic Flows 328 -- References 330 -- 14 Adapting Traffic Models for High-delay Networks 333 /Philipp Svoboda -- 14.1 Motivation 333 -- 14.2 Modelling HTTP Browsing Sessions for the Mobile Internet Access 335 -- 14.2.1 HTTP Traffic Model 337 -- 14.3 Modelling FTP Sessions in a Mobile Network 341 -- 14.3.1 Modelling FTP Sessions 342 -- 14.3.2 Fitting the Parameters 343 -- 14.4 Email Traffic Model: An Extension to High-delay Networks 344 -- 14.4.1 Email Protocols of the Internet 344 -- 14.4.2 APOP3EmailModel for High RTT Networks 346 -- 14.4.3 Simulation Setup 350 -- 14.4.4 Simulation Results 352 -- References 352 -- 15 Traffic Models for Specific Services 355 /Philipp Svoboda -- 15.1 Traffic Models for Online Gaming 356 -- 15.1.1 Traffic Model for a Fast Action Game: Unreal Tournament 358 -- 15.1.2 Traffic Model for a Real Time Strategy Game: StarCraft 361 -- 15.1.3 Traffic Model for a Massive Multiplayer Online Game: World of Warcraft 362.
15.2 A Traffic Model for Push-to-Talk (Nokia) 370 -- 15.2.1 AMR: Facts from the Data Sheets 371 -- 15.2.2 Parameters for Artificial Conversational Speech 372 -- 15.2.3 PTT Model 372 -- References 374 -- Index 377.
Record Nr. UNINA-9910139788803321
Rupp Markus <1963->  
Chichester, West Sussex, U.K. ; , : Wiley, , 2009
Materiale a stampa
Lo trovi qui: Univ. Federico II
Opac: Controlla la disponibilità qui
Video and multimedia transmissions over cellular networks : analysis, modeling, and optimization in live 3G mobile networks / / Markus Rupp
Video and multimedia transmissions over cellular networks : analysis, modeling, and optimization in live 3G mobile networks / / Markus Rupp
Autore Rupp Markus <1963->
Pubbl/distr/stampa Chichester, West Sussex, U.K. ; , : Wiley, , 2009
Descrizione fisica 1 online resource (414 p.)
Disciplina 006.7
Soggetto topico Multimedia communications
Wireless communication systems
Mobile computing
Video telephone
ISBN 1-282-29168-8
9786612291685
0-470-74777-3
0-470-74776-5
Formato Materiale a stampa
Livello bibliografico Monografia
Lingua di pubblicazione eng
Nota di contenuto -- List of Contributors xiii -- About the Contributors xv -- Foreword xix -- Preface xxi -- Acknowledgements xxv -- List of Abbreviations xxvii -- I Cellular Mobile Systems 1 -- 1 Introduction to Radio and Core Networks of UMTS 5 /Philipp Svoboda and Wolfgang Karner -- 1.1 UMTS Network Architecture 7 -- 1.2 UTRAN Architecture 8 -- 1.2.1 UTRAN Protocol Architecture 9 -- 1.2.2 Physical Layer Data Processing in the UTRAN Radio Interface 13 -- 1.3 UMTSPS-core Network Architecture 16 -- 1.4 A Data Session in a 3GNetwork 18 -- 1.4.1 The UMTS (PS-core) Protocol Stack 19 -- 1.4.2 The Protocols 20 -- 1.4.3 Bearer Speed in UMTS 23 -- 1.5 Differences between 2.5G and 3G Core Network Entities 23 -- 1.5.1 GPRS Channels 24 -- 1.5.2 GPRS Core Network Architecture 25 -- 1.5.3 The GPRS Protocol Stack 25 -- 1.5.4 Bearer Speed in GPRS and EDGE 27 -- 1.6 HSDPA: an Evolutionary Step 27 -- 1.6.1 Architecture of HSDPA 28 -- 1.6.2 Difference between UMTS and HSDPA 29 -- 1.6.3 Transport and Control Channels 31 -- References 32 -- II Analysis and Modelling of the Wireless Link 35 -- 2 Measurement-based Analysis of UMTS Link Characteristics 39 /Wolfgang Karner -- 2.1 Measurement Setup 40 -- 2.1.1 General Setup 40 -- 2.1.2 Mobility Scenarios 42 -- 2.2 Link Error Analysis 46 -- 2.2.1 Link Error Probability 46 -- 2.2.2 Number of erroneous TBs in TTIs 48 -- 2.2.3 TTI-burstlength,TTI-gaplength 48 -- 2.2.4 TB Error Bursts, TB Error Clusters 50 -- 2.2.5 The Influence of TPC on Link Error Characteristics 52 -- 2.2.6 Statistical Dependency between Successive Gaps/Bursts 54 -- 2.2.7 Block Error Ratio (BLER) 55 -- 2.3 Dynamic Bearer Type Switching 56 -- 2.3.1 Measurement-based Analysis of Dynamic Bearer Type Switching 57 -- References 60 -- 3 Modelling of Link Layer Characteristics 61 /Wolfgang Karner -- 3.1 Modelling Erroneous Channels / A Literature Survey 61 -- 3.2 Link Error Models for the UMTSDCH 66 -- 3.2.1 Link Error Modelling / 'Dynamic' Case 67 -- 3.2.2 Link Error Modelling / 'Static' Case 69.
3.3 Impact of Channel Modelling on the Quality of Services for Streamed Video 75 -- 3.3.1 Compared Models 76 -- 3.3.2 Experimental Setup 76 -- 3.3.3 Simulation Results for H.264 Encoded Video over Error Prone Links 78 -- 3.4 A Dynamic Bearer Type Switching Model 83 -- 3.4.1 Four-state Markov Model 83 -- 3.4.2 Enhanced Four-state Model 84 -- References 86 -- 4 Analysis of Link Error Predictability in the UTRAN 89 /Wolfgang Karner -- 4.1 Prediction of Low Error Probability Intervals 90 -- 4.1.1 Detection of Start of Intervals 90 -- 4.1.2 Interval Length Li 91 -- 4.2 Estimation of Expected Failure Rate 92 -- References 95 -- III Video Coding and Error Handling 97 -- 5 Principles of Video Coding 101 /Olivia Nemethova -- 5.1 Video Compression 101 -- 5.1.1 Video Sampling 101 -- 5.1.2 Compression Mechanisms 103 -- 5.1.3 Structure of Video Streams 107 -- 5.1.4 Profiles and Levels 108 -- 5.1.5 Reference Software 108 -- 5.2 H.264/AVC Video Streaming in Error-prone Environment 109 -- 5.2.1 Error Propagation 109 -- 5.2.2 Standardized Error Resilience Techniques 110 -- 5.2.3 Alternative Error Resilience Techniques 111 -- 5.3 Error Concealment 112 -- 5.3.1 Spatial Error Concealment 113 -- 5.3.2 Temporal Error Concealment Methods 115 -- 5.4 Performance Indicators 118 -- References 120 -- 6 Error Detection Mechanisms for Encoded Video Streams 125 /Luca Superiori, Claudio Weidmann and Olivia Nemethova -- 6.1 Syntax Analysis 126 -- 6.1.1 Structure of VCL NALUs 126 -- 6.1.2 Rules of Syntax Analysis 128 -- 6.1.3 Error-handling Mechanism 131 -- 6.1.4 Simulation Setup 133 -- 6.1.5 Subjective Quality Comparison 134 -- 6.1.6 Detection Performance 135 -- 6.2 Pixel-domain Impairment Detection 137 -- 6.2.1 Impairments in the Inter Frames 137 -- 6.2.2 Impairments in the Intra Frames 138 -- 6.2.3 Performance Results 139 -- 6.3 Fragile Watermarking 140 -- 6.4 VLC Resynchronization 146 -- 6.4.1 Signalling of Synchronization Points 146 -- 6.4.2 Codes for Length Indicators 148 -- 6.5 From Error Detection to Soft Decoding 151.
6.5.1 Sequential CAVLC Decoder 152 -- 6.5.2 Additional Synchronization Points 153 -- 6.5.3 Postprocessing 154 -- 6.5.4 Performance 154 -- References 157 -- IV Error Resilient Video Transmission over UMTS 159 -- 7 3GPP Video Services / Video Codecs, Content Delivery Protocols and Optimization Potentials 163 /Thomas Stockhammer and Jiangtao Wen -- 7.1 3GPP Video Services 163 -- 7.1.1 Introduction 163 -- 7.1.2 System Overview 164 -- 7.1.3 Video Codecs in 3GPP 166 -- 7.1.4 Bearer and Transport QoS 169 -- 7.1.5 QoS using Video Error Resilience 171 -- 7.2 Selected QoS Tools / Principles and Experimental Results 171 -- 7.2.1 3GDedicatedChannelLinkLayer 171 -- 7.2.2 Experimental Results for Conversational Video 173 -- 7.2.3 Experimental Results for Moderate-delay Applications 175 -- 7.2.4 System Design Guidelines 177 -- 7.3 Selected Service Examples 178 -- 7.3.1 Multimedia Telephony Services 178 -- 7.3.2 Multimedia Download Delivery 180 -- 7.3.3 Multimedia Streaming Services over MBMS 181 -- 7.4 Conclusions 184 -- References 184 -- 8 Cross-layer Error Resilience Mechanisms 187 /Olivia Nemethova, Wolfgang Karner and Claudio Weidmann -- 8.1 Link Layer Aware Error Detection 188 -- 8.1.1 Error Detection at RLC Layer 188 -- 8.1.2 RLCPDU Based VLC Resynchronization 189 -- 8.1.3 Error Detection and VLC Resynchronization Efficiency 191 -- 8.2 Link Error Prediction Based Redundancy Control 192 -- 8.2.1 Redundancy Control 192 -- 8.3 Semantics-aware Scheduling 196 -- 8.3.1 Scheduling Mechanism 196 -- 8.3.2 Performance Evaluation 199 -- 8.4 Distortion-aware Scheduling 202 -- 8.4.1 Scheduling Mechanism.202 -- 8.4.2 Distortion Estimation 203 -- 8.4.3 Performance Evaluation 207 -- References 209 -- V Monitoring and QoS Measurement 211 -- 9 Traffic and Performance Monitoring in a Real UMTS Network 215 /Fabio Ricciato -- 9.1 Introduction to Traffic Monitoring 215 -- 9.2 Network Monitoring via Traffic Monitoring: the Present and the Vision 216 -- 9.3 AMonitoringFrameworkfor3GNetworks 219 -- 9.4 Examples of Network-centric Applications 220.
9.4.1 Optimization in the Core Network Design 220 -- 9.4.2 Parameter Optimization 221 -- 9.4.3 What-if Analysis 222 -- 9.4.4 Detecting Anomalies 223 -- 9.5 Examples of User-centric Applications 224 -- 9.5.1 Traffic Classification 225 -- 9.5.2 QoS and QoE monitoring 226 -- 9.6 Summary 226 -- References 227 -- 10 Traffic Analysis for UMTS Network Validation and Troubleshooting 229 /Fabio Ricciato and Peter Romirer-Maierhofer -- 10.1 Case study: Bottleneck Detection 229 -- 10.1.1 Motivations and Problem Statement 229 -- 10.1.2 Input Traces 233 -- 10.1.3 Diagnosis based on Aggregate Traffic Rate Moments 234 -- 10.1.4 Diagnosis based on TCP Performance Indicators 239 -- 10.2 Case Study: Analysis of One-way Delays 243 -- 10.2.1 Motivations 243 -- 10.2.2 Measurement Methodology 244 -- 10.2.3 Detecting Micro Congestion Caused by High-rate Scanners 245 -- 10.2.4 Revealing Network Equipment Problems 249 -- 10.2.5 Exploiting One-way Delays for Online Anomaly Detection 250 -- References 254 -- 11 End-to-End Video Quality Measurements 257 /Michal Ries -- 11.1 Test Methodology for Subjective Video Testing 260 -- 11.1.1 Video Quality Evaluation 261 -- 11.1.2 Subjective Testing 263 -- 11.1.3 Source Materials 263 -- 11.2 Results of Subjective Quality Tests 265 -- 11.2.1 Subjective Quality Tests on SIF Resolution and H.264/AVC Codec 265 -- 11.3 Video Quality Estimation 267 -- 11.3.1 Temporal Segmentation 267 -- 11.3.2 Video Content Classification 268 -- 11.3.3 Content Sensitive Features 268 -- 11.3.4 Hypothesis Testing and Content Classification 274 -- 11.3.5 Video Quality Estimation for SIF-H.264 Resolution 275 -- 11.3.6 Content Based Video Quality Estimation 276 -- 11.3.7 Ensemble Based Quality Estimation 280 -- References 283 -- VI Packet Switched Traffic / Evolution and Modelling 287 -- 12 Traffic Description 291 /Philipp Svoboda -- 12.1 Introduction 291 -- 12.1.1 Analysed Traces 291 -- 12.1.2 Daily Usage Profile for UMTS and GPRS 292 -- 12.2 Volume and User Population 293 -- 12.2.1 Volumes and User Population in GPRS and UMTS 293.
12.2.2 Fraction of Volume per Service 296 -- 12.2.3 Service Mix Diurnal Profile 298 -- 12.2.4 Grouping Subscribers per Service Access 300 -- 12.2.5 Filtering in the Port Analysis 301 -- 12.3 Analysis of the PDP-context Activity 301 -- 12.3.1 Per-user Activity 302 -- 12.3.2 Distribution of PDP-context Duration 302 -- 12.3.3 The Volume of a PDP-context 307 -- 12.3.4 Total Volume and Number of PDP-contexts per Group 308 -- 12.4 Detecting and Filtering of Malicious Traffic 309 -- References 311 -- 13 Traffic Flows 313 /Philipp Svoboda -- 13.1 Introduction to Flow Analysis 313 -- 13.1.1 Heavy Tailed 314 -- 13.1.2 The Flow 315 -- 13.1.3 Protocol Shares 317 -- 13.2 Fitting of Distributions to Empirical Data 317 -- 13.2.1 Pre-evaluation of the Dataset 317 -- 13.2.2 Parameter Estimation 318 -- 13.2.3 Goodness of Fit 321 -- 13.3 Flows Statistics 321 -- 13.3.1 Evolution of the TCP/UDP and Application Flow Lengths from 2005 to 2007 321 -- 13.3.2 Example Validation of the Datasets 322 -- 13.3.3 Scaling Analysis of the Heavy Tail Parameter 323 -- 13.3.4 Fitting Flow Size and Duration 324 -- 13.3.5 Mice and Elephants in Traffic Flows 328 -- References 330 -- 14 Adapting Traffic Models for High-delay Networks 333 /Philipp Svoboda -- 14.1 Motivation 333 -- 14.2 Modelling HTTP Browsing Sessions for the Mobile Internet Access 335 -- 14.2.1 HTTP Traffic Model 337 -- 14.3 Modelling FTP Sessions in a Mobile Network 341 -- 14.3.1 Modelling FTP Sessions 342 -- 14.3.2 Fitting the Parameters 343 -- 14.4 Email Traffic Model: An Extension to High-delay Networks 344 -- 14.4.1 Email Protocols of the Internet 344 -- 14.4.2 APOP3EmailModel for High RTT Networks 346 -- 14.4.3 Simulation Setup 350 -- 14.4.4 Simulation Results 352 -- References 352 -- 15 Traffic Models for Specific Services 355 /Philipp Svoboda -- 15.1 Traffic Models for Online Gaming 356 -- 15.1.1 Traffic Model for a Fast Action Game: Unreal Tournament 358 -- 15.1.2 Traffic Model for a Real Time Strategy Game: StarCraft 361 -- 15.1.3 Traffic Model for a Massive Multiplayer Online Game: World of Warcraft 362.
15.2 A Traffic Model for Push-to-Talk (Nokia) 370 -- 15.2.1 AMR: Facts from the Data Sheets 371 -- 15.2.2 Parameters for Artificial Conversational Speech 372 -- 15.2.3 PTT Model 372 -- References 374 -- Index 377.
Record Nr. UNINA-9910830711503321
Rupp Markus <1963->  
Chichester, West Sussex, U.K. ; , : Wiley, , 2009
Materiale a stampa
Lo trovi qui: Univ. Federico II
Opac: Controlla la disponibilità qui
Video and multimedia transmissions over cellular networks : analysis, modeling, and optimization in live 3G mobile networks / / Markus Rupp
Video and multimedia transmissions over cellular networks : analysis, modeling, and optimization in live 3G mobile networks / / Markus Rupp
Autore Rupp Markus <1963->
Pubbl/distr/stampa Chichester, West Sussex, U.K. ; ; Hoboken, NJ, : Wiley, 2009
Descrizione fisica 1 online resource (414 p.)
Disciplina 006.7
Soggetto topico Multimedia communications
Wireless communication systems
Mobile computing
Video telephone
ISBN 1-282-29168-8
9786612291685
0-470-74777-3
0-470-74776-5
Formato Materiale a stampa
Livello bibliografico Monografia
Lingua di pubblicazione eng
Nota di contenuto -- List of Contributors xiii -- About the Contributors xv -- Foreword xix -- Preface xxi -- Acknowledgements xxv -- List of Abbreviations xxvii -- I Cellular Mobile Systems 1 -- 1 Introduction to Radio and Core Networks of UMTS 5 /Philipp Svoboda and Wolfgang Karner -- 1.1 UMTS Network Architecture 7 -- 1.2 UTRAN Architecture 8 -- 1.2.1 UTRAN Protocol Architecture 9 -- 1.2.2 Physical Layer Data Processing in the UTRAN Radio Interface 13 -- 1.3 UMTSPS-core Network Architecture 16 -- 1.4 A Data Session in a 3GNetwork 18 -- 1.4.1 The UMTS (PS-core) Protocol Stack 19 -- 1.4.2 The Protocols 20 -- 1.4.3 Bearer Speed in UMTS 23 -- 1.5 Differences between 2.5G and 3G Core Network Entities 23 -- 1.5.1 GPRS Channels 24 -- 1.5.2 GPRS Core Network Architecture 25 -- 1.5.3 The GPRS Protocol Stack 25 -- 1.5.4 Bearer Speed in GPRS and EDGE 27 -- 1.6 HSDPA: an Evolutionary Step 27 -- 1.6.1 Architecture of HSDPA 28 -- 1.6.2 Difference between UMTS and HSDPA 29 -- 1.6.3 Transport and Control Channels 31 -- References 32 -- II Analysis and Modelling of the Wireless Link 35 -- 2 Measurement-based Analysis of UMTS Link Characteristics 39 /Wolfgang Karner -- 2.1 Measurement Setup 40 -- 2.1.1 General Setup 40 -- 2.1.2 Mobility Scenarios 42 -- 2.2 Link Error Analysis 46 -- 2.2.1 Link Error Probability 46 -- 2.2.2 Number of erroneous TBs in TTIs 48 -- 2.2.3 TTI-burstlength,TTI-gaplength 48 -- 2.2.4 TB Error Bursts, TB Error Clusters 50 -- 2.2.5 The Influence of TPC on Link Error Characteristics 52 -- 2.2.6 Statistical Dependency between Successive Gaps/Bursts 54 -- 2.2.7 Block Error Ratio (BLER) 55 -- 2.3 Dynamic Bearer Type Switching 56 -- 2.3.1 Measurement-based Analysis of Dynamic Bearer Type Switching 57 -- References 60 -- 3 Modelling of Link Layer Characteristics 61 /Wolfgang Karner -- 3.1 Modelling Erroneous Channels / A Literature Survey 61 -- 3.2 Link Error Models for the UMTSDCH 66 -- 3.2.1 Link Error Modelling / 'Dynamic' Case 67 -- 3.2.2 Link Error Modelling / 'Static' Case 69.
3.3 Impact of Channel Modelling on the Quality of Services for Streamed Video 75 -- 3.3.1 Compared Models 76 -- 3.3.2 Experimental Setup 76 -- 3.3.3 Simulation Results for H.264 Encoded Video over Error Prone Links 78 -- 3.4 A Dynamic Bearer Type Switching Model 83 -- 3.4.1 Four-state Markov Model 83 -- 3.4.2 Enhanced Four-state Model 84 -- References 86 -- 4 Analysis of Link Error Predictability in the UTRAN 89 /Wolfgang Karner -- 4.1 Prediction of Low Error Probability Intervals 90 -- 4.1.1 Detection of Start of Intervals 90 -- 4.1.2 Interval Length Li 91 -- 4.2 Estimation of Expected Failure Rate 92 -- References 95 -- III Video Coding and Error Handling 97 -- 5 Principles of Video Coding 101 /Olivia Nemethova -- 5.1 Video Compression 101 -- 5.1.1 Video Sampling 101 -- 5.1.2 Compression Mechanisms 103 -- 5.1.3 Structure of Video Streams 107 -- 5.1.4 Profiles and Levels 108 -- 5.1.5 Reference Software 108 -- 5.2 H.264/AVC Video Streaming in Error-prone Environment 109 -- 5.2.1 Error Propagation 109 -- 5.2.2 Standardized Error Resilience Techniques 110 -- 5.2.3 Alternative Error Resilience Techniques 111 -- 5.3 Error Concealment 112 -- 5.3.1 Spatial Error Concealment 113 -- 5.3.2 Temporal Error Concealment Methods 115 -- 5.4 Performance Indicators 118 -- References 120 -- 6 Error Detection Mechanisms for Encoded Video Streams 125 /Luca Superiori, Claudio Weidmann and Olivia Nemethova -- 6.1 Syntax Analysis 126 -- 6.1.1 Structure of VCL NALUs 126 -- 6.1.2 Rules of Syntax Analysis 128 -- 6.1.3 Error-handling Mechanism 131 -- 6.1.4 Simulation Setup 133 -- 6.1.5 Subjective Quality Comparison 134 -- 6.1.6 Detection Performance 135 -- 6.2 Pixel-domain Impairment Detection 137 -- 6.2.1 Impairments in the Inter Frames 137 -- 6.2.2 Impairments in the Intra Frames 138 -- 6.2.3 Performance Results 139 -- 6.3 Fragile Watermarking 140 -- 6.4 VLC Resynchronization 146 -- 6.4.1 Signalling of Synchronization Points 146 -- 6.4.2 Codes for Length Indicators 148 -- 6.5 From Error Detection to Soft Decoding 151.
6.5.1 Sequential CAVLC Decoder 152 -- 6.5.2 Additional Synchronization Points 153 -- 6.5.3 Postprocessing 154 -- 6.5.4 Performance 154 -- References 157 -- IV Error Resilient Video Transmission over UMTS 159 -- 7 3GPP Video Services / Video Codecs, Content Delivery Protocols and Optimization Potentials 163 /Thomas Stockhammer and Jiangtao Wen -- 7.1 3GPP Video Services 163 -- 7.1.1 Introduction 163 -- 7.1.2 System Overview 164 -- 7.1.3 Video Codecs in 3GPP 166 -- 7.1.4 Bearer and Transport QoS 169 -- 7.1.5 QoS using Video Error Resilience 171 -- 7.2 Selected QoS Tools / Principles and Experimental Results 171 -- 7.2.1 3GDedicatedChannelLinkLayer 171 -- 7.2.2 Experimental Results for Conversational Video 173 -- 7.2.3 Experimental Results for Moderate-delay Applications 175 -- 7.2.4 System Design Guidelines 177 -- 7.3 Selected Service Examples 178 -- 7.3.1 Multimedia Telephony Services 178 -- 7.3.2 Multimedia Download Delivery 180 -- 7.3.3 Multimedia Streaming Services over MBMS 181 -- 7.4 Conclusions 184 -- References 184 -- 8 Cross-layer Error Resilience Mechanisms 187 /Olivia Nemethova, Wolfgang Karner and Claudio Weidmann -- 8.1 Link Layer Aware Error Detection 188 -- 8.1.1 Error Detection at RLC Layer 188 -- 8.1.2 RLCPDU Based VLC Resynchronization 189 -- 8.1.3 Error Detection and VLC Resynchronization Efficiency 191 -- 8.2 Link Error Prediction Based Redundancy Control 192 -- 8.2.1 Redundancy Control 192 -- 8.3 Semantics-aware Scheduling 196 -- 8.3.1 Scheduling Mechanism 196 -- 8.3.2 Performance Evaluation 199 -- 8.4 Distortion-aware Scheduling 202 -- 8.4.1 Scheduling Mechanism.202 -- 8.4.2 Distortion Estimation 203 -- 8.4.3 Performance Evaluation 207 -- References 209 -- V Monitoring and QoS Measurement 211 -- 9 Traffic and Performance Monitoring in a Real UMTS Network 215 /Fabio Ricciato -- 9.1 Introduction to Traffic Monitoring 215 -- 9.2 Network Monitoring via Traffic Monitoring: the Present and the Vision 216 -- 9.3 AMonitoringFrameworkfor3GNetworks 219 -- 9.4 Examples of Network-centric Applications 220.
9.4.1 Optimization in the Core Network Design 220 -- 9.4.2 Parameter Optimization 221 -- 9.4.3 What-if Analysis 222 -- 9.4.4 Detecting Anomalies 223 -- 9.5 Examples of User-centric Applications 224 -- 9.5.1 Traffic Classification 225 -- 9.5.2 QoS and QoE monitoring 226 -- 9.6 Summary 226 -- References 227 -- 10 Traffic Analysis for UMTS Network Validation and Troubleshooting 229 /Fabio Ricciato and Peter Romirer-Maierhofer -- 10.1 Case study: Bottleneck Detection 229 -- 10.1.1 Motivations and Problem Statement 229 -- 10.1.2 Input Traces 233 -- 10.1.3 Diagnosis based on Aggregate Traffic Rate Moments 234 -- 10.1.4 Diagnosis based on TCP Performance Indicators 239 -- 10.2 Case Study: Analysis of One-way Delays 243 -- 10.2.1 Motivations 243 -- 10.2.2 Measurement Methodology 244 -- 10.2.3 Detecting Micro Congestion Caused by High-rate Scanners 245 -- 10.2.4 Revealing Network Equipment Problems 249 -- 10.2.5 Exploiting One-way Delays for Online Anomaly Detection 250 -- References 254 -- 11 End-to-End Video Quality Measurements 257 /Michal Ries -- 11.1 Test Methodology for Subjective Video Testing 260 -- 11.1.1 Video Quality Evaluation 261 -- 11.1.2 Subjective Testing 263 -- 11.1.3 Source Materials 263 -- 11.2 Results of Subjective Quality Tests 265 -- 11.2.1 Subjective Quality Tests on SIF Resolution and H.264/AVC Codec 265 -- 11.3 Video Quality Estimation 267 -- 11.3.1 Temporal Segmentation 267 -- 11.3.2 Video Content Classification 268 -- 11.3.3 Content Sensitive Features 268 -- 11.3.4 Hypothesis Testing and Content Classification 274 -- 11.3.5 Video Quality Estimation for SIF-H.264 Resolution 275 -- 11.3.6 Content Based Video Quality Estimation 276 -- 11.3.7 Ensemble Based Quality Estimation 280 -- References 283 -- VI Packet Switched Traffic / Evolution and Modelling 287 -- 12 Traffic Description 291 /Philipp Svoboda -- 12.1 Introduction 291 -- 12.1.1 Analysed Traces 291 -- 12.1.2 Daily Usage Profile for UMTS and GPRS 292 -- 12.2 Volume and User Population 293 -- 12.2.1 Volumes and User Population in GPRS and UMTS 293.
12.2.2 Fraction of Volume per Service 296 -- 12.2.3 Service Mix Diurnal Profile 298 -- 12.2.4 Grouping Subscribers per Service Access 300 -- 12.2.5 Filtering in the Port Analysis 301 -- 12.3 Analysis of the PDP-context Activity 301 -- 12.3.1 Per-user Activity 302 -- 12.3.2 Distribution of PDP-context Duration 302 -- 12.3.3 The Volume of a PDP-context 307 -- 12.3.4 Total Volume and Number of PDP-contexts per Group 308 -- 12.4 Detecting and Filtering of Malicious Traffic 309 -- References 311 -- 13 Traffic Flows 313 /Philipp Svoboda -- 13.1 Introduction to Flow Analysis 313 -- 13.1.1 Heavy Tailed 314 -- 13.1.2 The Flow 315 -- 13.1.3 Protocol Shares 317 -- 13.2 Fitting of Distributions to Empirical Data 317 -- 13.2.1 Pre-evaluation of the Dataset 317 -- 13.2.2 Parameter Estimation 318 -- 13.2.3 Goodness of Fit 321 -- 13.3 Flows Statistics 321 -- 13.3.1 Evolution of the TCP/UDP and Application Flow Lengths from 2005 to 2007 321 -- 13.3.2 Example Validation of the Datasets 322 -- 13.3.3 Scaling Analysis of the Heavy Tail Parameter 323 -- 13.3.4 Fitting Flow Size and Duration 324 -- 13.3.5 Mice and Elephants in Traffic Flows 328 -- References 330 -- 14 Adapting Traffic Models for High-delay Networks 333 /Philipp Svoboda -- 14.1 Motivation 333 -- 14.2 Modelling HTTP Browsing Sessions for the Mobile Internet Access 335 -- 14.2.1 HTTP Traffic Model 337 -- 14.3 Modelling FTP Sessions in a Mobile Network 341 -- 14.3.1 Modelling FTP Sessions 342 -- 14.3.2 Fitting the Parameters 343 -- 14.4 Email Traffic Model: An Extension to High-delay Networks 344 -- 14.4.1 Email Protocols of the Internet 344 -- 14.4.2 APOP3EmailModel for High RTT Networks 346 -- 14.4.3 Simulation Setup 350 -- 14.4.4 Simulation Results 352 -- References 352 -- 15 Traffic Models for Specific Services 355 /Philipp Svoboda -- 15.1 Traffic Models for Online Gaming 356 -- 15.1.1 Traffic Model for a Fast Action Game: Unreal Tournament 358 -- 15.1.2 Traffic Model for a Real Time Strategy Game: StarCraft 361 -- 15.1.3 Traffic Model for a Massive Multiplayer Online Game: World of Warcraft 362.
15.2 A Traffic Model for Push-to-Talk (Nokia) 370 -- 15.2.1 AMR: Facts from the Data Sheets 371 -- 15.2.2 Parameters for Artificial Conversational Speech 372 -- 15.2.3 PTT Model 372 -- References 374 -- Index 377.
Record Nr. UNINA-9910877661403321
Rupp Markus <1963->  
Chichester, West Sussex, U.K. ; ; Hoboken, NJ, : Wiley, 2009
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