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Applied Bioelectricity [[electronic resource] ] : From Electrical Stimulation to Electropathology / / by J. Patrick Reilly
| Applied Bioelectricity [[electronic resource] ] : From Electrical Stimulation to Electropathology / / by J. Patrick Reilly |
| Autore | Reilly J. Patrick |
| Edizione | [1st ed. 1998.] |
| Pubbl/distr/stampa | New York, NY : , : Springer New York : , : Imprint : Springer, , 1998 |
| Descrizione fisica | 1 online resource (XIX, 563 p.) |
| Disciplina | 612.8 |
| Altri autori (Persone) | ReillyJ. Patrick |
| Soggetto topico |
Neurosciences
Biophysics Biological physics Biomedical engineering Human physiology Animal physiology Biological and Medical Physics, Biophysics Biomedical Engineering and Bioengineering Human Physiology Animal Physiology |
| ISBN | 1-4612-1664-8 |
| Formato | Materiale a stampa  |
| Livello bibliografico | Monografia |
| Lingua di pubblicazione | eng |
| Nota di contenuto | 1 Introduction -- 1.1 General Perspective -- 1.2 Electrical Exposure -- 1.3 Scales of Short-Term Reactions to Contact Current -- 1.4 Reactions to Electric and Magnetic Field Stimulation -- 1.5 Variables Affecting Thresholds -- 2 Impedance and Current Distribution -- 2.1 Dielectric Properties of Biological Materials -- 2.2 Skin Impedance -- 2.3 Total Body Impedance: Low-Frequency and DC -- 2.4 Impedance at Higher Frequencies -- 2.5 Impedance Through Foot Contact -- 2.6 High-Voltage and Transient Properties -- 2.7 Impedance of Domestic Animals -- 3 Electrical Principles of Nerve and Muscle Function -- 3.1 Introduction -- 3.2 Cellular Membranes -- 3.3 The Excitable Nerve Membrane -- 3.4 Action Potential Models for Cardiac Tissue -- 3.5 Sensory Transduction -- 3.6 Muscle Function -- 3.7 Synapses -- 3.8 The Spinal Reflex -- 4 Excitation Models -- 4.1 Introduction -- 4.2 Linear Strength-Duration Model -- 4.3 Electrical Cable Representations -- 4.4 Myelinated Nerve Model -- 4.5 Response to Monophasic Stimulation -- 4.6 Response to Biphasic and Repetitive Stimuli -- 4.7 Parameter Variation Effects -- 5 Electrical Properties of the Heart -- 5.1 Cardiovascular System: General Anatomical and Functional Aspects -- 5.2 Origin and Spread of Excitation -- 5.3 Elementary Processes of Excitation and Contraction -- 5.4 Stimulation, Propagation, and Refractoriness -- 5.5 Regular and Ectopic Pacemakers -- 5.6 Effects of Autonomic Nerves and of Changes in Electrolyte Composition -- 5.7 Electrocardiogram -- 5.8 Abnormalities in Cardiac Rhythm as Reflected in the ECG -- 5.9 Mechanism of Flutter and Fibrillation -- 5.10 Vulnerable Period: Threshold for Fibrillation -- 5.11 Electrical Defibrillation -- 6 Cardiac Sensitivity to Electrical Stimulation -- 6.1 Introduction -- 6.2 Threshold Sensitivity with Respect to Cardiac Cycle -- 6.3 Strength-Duration Relations for Unidirectional Currents -- 6.4 Biphasic and Sinusoidal Stimulation -- 6.5 Duration Sensitivity for Oscillatory Stimuli -- 6.6 Energy Criteria and Impulse Currents -- 6.7 Body-Size Scaling -- 6.8 Statistical Distribution of Thresholds -- 6.9 Combined AC and DC Stimuli -- 6.10 Electrodes and Current Density -- 7 Sensory Responses to Electrical Stimulation -- 7.1 Introduction -- 7.2 Mechanisms of Electrical Transduction -- 7.3 Perception of Transient Monophasic Currents -- 7.4 Suprathreshold Responses -- 7.5 Stimulus Waveform Factors -- 7.6 Electrodes and Current Density -- 7.7 Body Location Sensitivity -- 7.8 Skin Temperature -- 7.9 Tactile Masking -- 7.10 Individual Differences in Electrical Sensitivity -- 7.11 Startle Reactions -- 7.12 Electrical Stimulation of Domestic Animals -- 7.13 Visual and Auditory Effects -- 8 Skeletal Muscle Response to Electrical Stimulation -- 8.1 Introduction -- 8.2 Neuromuscular Structure and Function -- 8.3 Fundamental Principles of Skeletal Muscle Electrical Stimulation -- 8.4 Functional Neuromuscular Stimulation Systems -- 8.5 Skeletal Muscle Stimulation in Electrical Accidents -- 8.6 Analysis of the Let-Go Phenomenon -- 8.7 Effects of Electrical Stimulation on Respiration -- 9 Stimulation via Electric and Magnetic Fields -- 9.1 Introduction -- 9.2 Electric Field Induction Principles -- 9.3 Direct Perception of ELF Electric Fields -- 9.4 Human Reactions to AC Electric Field-Induced Shock -- 9.5 Time-Varying Magnetic Field Induction -- 9.6 Principles of Excitation by Time-Varying Magnetic Fields -- 9.7 Experimental Investigations of Magnetic Excitation: Large Area Exposure -- 9.8 Visual and Auditory Reactions to Electromagnetic Exposure -- 9.9 Local Magnetic Stimulation -- 9.10 Scales of Reaction: Power Frequency -- 9.11 Magnetic Forces on Moving Charges -- 10 High-Voltage and High-Current Injuries -- 10.1 Introduction -- 10.2 Modes of Injury -- 10.3 Impedance Considerations and Current Distribution in the Body -- 10.4 Thermal Trauma -- 10.5 Nonthermal Trauma -- 10.6 Lightning Injuries -- 10.7 Clinical Observations -- 10.8 Clinical Treatment -- 11 Standards and Rationale -- 11.1 Introduction -- 11.2 Electromagnetic Field Exposure Standards -- 11.3 Pulsed Electromagnetic Fields -- 11.4 Consideration of Spark Discharges in EMF Standards -- 11.5 Absorbed Energy and Thermal Considerations in EMF Standards -- 11.6 Consideration of EMF Interaction Mechanisms in Standards Setting -- 11.7 ELF Magnetic Field Standards Derived from Established Mechanisms -- 11.8 Standards in Consumer Products and Installations -- References. |
| Record Nr. | UNINA-9910789226703321 |
Reilly J. Patrick
|
||
| New York, NY : , : Springer New York : , : Imprint : Springer, , 1998 | ||
| Materiale a stampa | ||
| Lo trovi qui: Univ. Federico II | ||
| ||
Applied Bioelectricity : From Electrical Stimulation to Electropathology / / by J. Patrick Reilly
| Applied Bioelectricity : From Electrical Stimulation to Electropathology / / by J. Patrick Reilly |
| Autore | Reilly J. Patrick |
| Edizione | [1st ed. 1998.] |
| Pubbl/distr/stampa | New York, NY : , : Springer New York : , : Imprint : Springer, , 1998 |
| Descrizione fisica | 1 online resource (XIX, 563 p.) |
| Disciplina | 612.8 |
| Altri autori (Persone) | ReillyJ. Patrick |
| Soggetto topico |
Neurosciences
Biophysics Biological physics Biomedical engineering Human physiology Animal physiology Biological and Medical Physics, Biophysics Biomedical Engineering and Bioengineering Human Physiology Animal Physiology |
| ISBN | 1-4612-1664-8 |
| Formato | Materiale a stampa |
| Livello bibliografico | Monografia |
| Lingua di pubblicazione | eng |
| Nota di contenuto | 1 Introduction -- 1.1 General Perspective -- 1.2 Electrical Exposure -- 1.3 Scales of Short-Term Reactions to Contact Current -- 1.4 Reactions to Electric and Magnetic Field Stimulation -- 1.5 Variables Affecting Thresholds -- 2 Impedance and Current Distribution -- 2.1 Dielectric Properties of Biological Materials -- 2.2 Skin Impedance -- 2.3 Total Body Impedance: Low-Frequency and DC -- 2.4 Impedance at Higher Frequencies -- 2.5 Impedance Through Foot Contact -- 2.6 High-Voltage and Transient Properties -- 2.7 Impedance of Domestic Animals -- 3 Electrical Principles of Nerve and Muscle Function -- 3.1 Introduction -- 3.2 Cellular Membranes -- 3.3 The Excitable Nerve Membrane -- 3.4 Action Potential Models for Cardiac Tissue -- 3.5 Sensory Transduction -- 3.6 Muscle Function -- 3.7 Synapses -- 3.8 The Spinal Reflex -- 4 Excitation Models -- 4.1 Introduction -- 4.2 Linear Strength-Duration Model -- 4.3 Electrical Cable Representations -- 4.4 Myelinated Nerve Model -- 4.5 Response to Monophasic Stimulation -- 4.6 Response to Biphasic and Repetitive Stimuli -- 4.7 Parameter Variation Effects -- 5 Electrical Properties of the Heart -- 5.1 Cardiovascular System: General Anatomical and Functional Aspects -- 5.2 Origin and Spread of Excitation -- 5.3 Elementary Processes of Excitation and Contraction -- 5.4 Stimulation, Propagation, and Refractoriness -- 5.5 Regular and Ectopic Pacemakers -- 5.6 Effects of Autonomic Nerves and of Changes in Electrolyte Composition -- 5.7 Electrocardiogram -- 5.8 Abnormalities in Cardiac Rhythm as Reflected in the ECG -- 5.9 Mechanism of Flutter and Fibrillation -- 5.10 Vulnerable Period: Threshold for Fibrillation -- 5.11 Electrical Defibrillation -- 6 Cardiac Sensitivity to Electrical Stimulation -- 6.1 Introduction -- 6.2 Threshold Sensitivity with Respect to Cardiac Cycle -- 6.3 Strength-Duration Relations for Unidirectional Currents -- 6.4 Biphasic and Sinusoidal Stimulation -- 6.5 Duration Sensitivity for Oscillatory Stimuli -- 6.6 Energy Criteria and Impulse Currents -- 6.7 Body-Size Scaling -- 6.8 Statistical Distribution of Thresholds -- 6.9 Combined AC and DC Stimuli -- 6.10 Electrodes and Current Density -- 7 Sensory Responses to Electrical Stimulation -- 7.1 Introduction -- 7.2 Mechanisms of Electrical Transduction -- 7.3 Perception of Transient Monophasic Currents -- 7.4 Suprathreshold Responses -- 7.5 Stimulus Waveform Factors -- 7.6 Electrodes and Current Density -- 7.7 Body Location Sensitivity -- 7.8 Skin Temperature -- 7.9 Tactile Masking -- 7.10 Individual Differences in Electrical Sensitivity -- 7.11 Startle Reactions -- 7.12 Electrical Stimulation of Domestic Animals -- 7.13 Visual and Auditory Effects -- 8 Skeletal Muscle Response to Electrical Stimulation -- 8.1 Introduction -- 8.2 Neuromuscular Structure and Function -- 8.3 Fundamental Principles of Skeletal Muscle Electrical Stimulation -- 8.4 Functional Neuromuscular Stimulation Systems -- 8.5 Skeletal Muscle Stimulation in Electrical Accidents -- 8.6 Analysis of the Let-Go Phenomenon -- 8.7 Effects of Electrical Stimulation on Respiration -- 9 Stimulation via Electric and Magnetic Fields -- 9.1 Introduction -- 9.2 Electric Field Induction Principles -- 9.3 Direct Perception of ELF Electric Fields -- 9.4 Human Reactions to AC Electric Field-Induced Shock -- 9.5 Time-Varying Magnetic Field Induction -- 9.6 Principles of Excitation by Time-Varying Magnetic Fields -- 9.7 Experimental Investigations of Magnetic Excitation: Large Area Exposure -- 9.8 Visual and Auditory Reactions to Electromagnetic Exposure -- 9.9 Local Magnetic Stimulation -- 9.10 Scales of Reaction: Power Frequency -- 9.11 Magnetic Forces on Moving Charges -- 10 High-Voltage and High-Current Injuries -- 10.1 Introduction -- 10.2 Modes of Injury -- 10.3 Impedance Considerations and Current Distribution in the Body -- 10.4 Thermal Trauma -- 10.5 Nonthermal Trauma -- 10.6 Lightning Injuries -- 10.7 Clinical Observations -- 10.8 Clinical Treatment -- 11 Standards and Rationale -- 11.1 Introduction -- 11.2 Electromagnetic Field Exposure Standards -- 11.3 Pulsed Electromagnetic Fields -- 11.4 Consideration of Spark Discharges in EMF Standards -- 11.5 Absorbed Energy and Thermal Considerations in EMF Standards -- 11.6 Consideration of EMF Interaction Mechanisms in Standards Setting -- 11.7 ELF Magnetic Field Standards Derived from Established Mechanisms -- 11.8 Standards in Consumer Products and Installations -- References. |
| Record Nr. | UNINA-9910828783503321 |
|
Reilly J. Patrick
|
||
| New York, NY : , : Springer New York : , : Imprint : Springer, , 1998 | ||
| Materiale a stampa | ||
| Lo trovi qui: Univ. Federico II | ||
| ||