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Cover -- Title Page -- Copyright -- List of Contributors -- Preface -- Contents -- Chapter 1 Reactions of Aldehydes and Ketones and Their Derivatives -- Formation and Reactions of Acetals and Related Species -- Reactions of Glucosides -- Reactions of Ketenes and Related Cumulenes -- Formation and Reactions of Nitrogen Derivatives -- Imines: Synthesis and General and Iminium Chemistry -- Mannich and Mannich‐Type Reactions -- Stereoselective Hydrogenation of Imines, and Other Redox Processes -- Cyclizations of Imines -- Other Reactions of Imines -- Oximes, Oxime Ethers, and Oxime Esters -- Hydrazones and Related Species -- Iminium Ion Chemistry -- C C Bond Formation and Fission: Aldol and Related Reactions -- The Asymmetric Aldol -- The Morita-Baylis-Hilman Reaction and Its Aza‐Variants -- Other Aldol and Aldol‐Type Reactions -- The Michael Addition -- The Wittig and Other Olefinations -- Miscellaneous Additions -- Reactions of Enolates and Related Reactions -- Oxidation of Carbonyl Compounds -- Reduction of Carbonyl Compounds -- Miscellaneous Reactions -- References -- Chapter 2 Reactions of Carboxylic, Phosphoric, and Sulfonic Acids and Their Derivatives -- Intermolecular Catalysis and Reactions -- Carboxylic Acids and their Derivatives -- Phosphoric Acids and their Derivatives -- Sulfonic Acids and their Derivatives -- Intramolecular Catalysis and Neighboring Group Participation -- Biologically Significant Reactions -- Carboxylic Acids and their Derivatives -- References -- Chapter 3 Oxidation and Reduction -- Oxidation by Metal Ions and Related Species -- Chromium, Manganese, Nickel, and Cobalt -- Copper, Silver, and Gold -- Rhenium, Bismuth, and Tungsten -- Palladium, Iridium, Rhodium, and Platinum -- Group VIII Metals -- Cerium -- Oxidation by Compounds of Nonmetallic Elements -- Nitrogen, Sulfur, and Selenium -- Halogens.
Ozonolysis and Ozonation -- Peracids and Peroxides -- Photochemical Oxidation and Singlet Oxygen -- Triplet Oxygen and Autoxidation -- Electrochemical Oxidations -- Other Oxidations -- Reduction by Metal Hydrides -- Hydrogenation -- Transfer Hydrogenation -- Other Reductions -- References -- Chapter 4a Nucleophilic Aromatic Substitution -- General -- Reactions of Arenediazonium Salts -- The SNAr Mechanism -- Meisenheimer and Related Complexes -- Benzyne and Related Intermediates -- Transition Metal‐Catalyzed Carbon-Carbon Bond Formation -- References -- Chapter 4b Electrophilic Aromatic Substitution -- General Introduction -- Computational Studies -- Protonation and Deuteration -- Halogenation -- Chlorination -- Bromination -- Nitration -- Amidation, Amination, and Azidation -- Oxylation -- Sulfanylation and Sulfonation -- Metallation -- C C Bond‐Forming Reactions -- Friedel-Crafts Alkylation -- Friedel-Crafts Acylation -- Arylation -- Miscellaneous FGIs -- References -- Chapter 5 Carbocations -- General -- Vinyl, Allyl, and Propargyl Cations -- Benzyl, Benzhydryl, and Trityl Cations -- Arenium Ions -- Chloronium, Iminium, Oxonium, Phosphirenium, Silylium, and Thionium Cations -- New Cations and Synthetic Methods -- Nonclassical Carbocations -- Carbocation Rearrangements -- Carbocations in Biosynthesis -- References -- Chapter 6 Nucleophilic Aliphatic Substitution 2020 -- Introduction -- General -- Computational Studies -- Nucleophiles -- Leaving Groups -- Substrates -- Alkylation -- Allylic and Propargylic Substitution -- Glycosyl Substitution -- Decarboxylative Substitution -- Cross‐Coupling with Alkyl Halides -- C-H Activation Processes -- Reactions -- References -- Chapter 7 Carbanions and Electrophilic Aliphatic Substitution -- Carbanion Reactions -- Enolates and Related Species -- Organometallic Species -- Miscellaneous.
Electrophilic Aliphatic Substitution -- References -- Chapter 8 Elimination Reactions -- E2 Mechanisms -- Solvolytic Reactions -- Pyrolytic Reactions -- Elimination Reactions in Synthesis -- Other Reactions -- References -- Chapter 9 Addition Reactions: Polar Addition -- Reviews -- Electrophilic Additions -- Halogenation and Related Reactions -- Additions of ArSX, ArSeX, and Related Reagents -- Additions of Hydrogen Halides and Other Brønsted Acids -- Additions Mediated by Lewis Acids -- Additions of Electrophilic Carbon -- Additions of Electrophilic Nitrogen -- Additions of Electrophilic Oxygen -- Additions Initiated by Metals and Metal Ions as Electrophiles -- Additions Initiated by Light -- Miscellaneous Electrophilic Additions -- Nucleophilic Additions -- Additions to Multiple Bonds Conjugated with C O -- Additions to Multiple Bonds Activated by Other Electron‐Withdrawing Groups -- Additions of Organometallics to Activated Double Bonds -- Additions Initiated by Light -- Miscellaneous Nucleophilic Additions -- Acronyms -- References -- Chapter 10 Addition Reactions: Cycloaddition -- [2 + 2]‐Cycloaddition -- [2 + 3]‐Cycloaddition -- [2 + 4]‐Cycloaddition -- Miscellaneous -- References -- Chapter 11 Molecular Rearrangements -- Pericyclic and Addition Reactions -- [2,3]‐Sigmatropic Rearrangement -- [3,3]‐Sigmatropic, Cope, and Claisen Rearrangement -- [2 + 2] Cycloaddition -- Ene Diyne -- 1,3‐Dipolar Rearrangement and Addition -- [3 + 2] Annulation -- [4 + 1] Annulation -- [5 + 4] Annulation -- Migration Reactions -- 1,2‐H Migration -- 1,3‐H Transfer -- 1,3‐Rearrangement -- O to C Migration -- H Atom Transfer -- Skeletal Rearrangement -- Ring Opening and Closing Reactions -- Carbocations -- Cyclization -- Ring Opening -- Ring Contraction -- Ring Expansion -- Reaction Types -- Acid Induced -- Addition -- Pinacol -- CH Insertion.
Benzyl-Benzylic Rearrangement -- Azo‐coupling -- Condensation -- Dimerization -- Trimerization -- Polymerization -- Isomerization -- Oxidation -- Reduction -- Functional Group -- Cyclopropane -- Aziridine -- Enolate -- Alkyne -- Allene -- Nitrone -- Azide -- Ylide -- Mass Spectra -- Reactive Species -- Photolysis -- Thermal and Pyrolysis -- Radical -- Carbene and Nitrene -- Radical Anion -- Named Reactions -- Banert Cascade -- Baeyer-Villiger Oxidation -- Beckman Rearrangement -- Bolton-Katritzky Rearrangement -- Carroll Rearrangement -- Curtius Rearrangement -- Dimroth Rearrangement -- Friedel-Craft -- Hofmann-Martius Rearrangement -- Knoevenagel‐[1,5]‐hydride Shift -- Michael Reaction -- Mannich -- Mallard -- Mumm Rearrangement -- Mallory Reaction -- Morita-Baylis-Hillman -- Nazarov Cyclization -- Negishi Cross‐coupling -- Newman-Kwart Rearrangement -- Pechmann Condensation -- Pummerer -- Pictet-Spengler Reaction -- Sommelet-Hauser -- Stevens Rearrangement -- Smiles Rearrangement -- Truce-Smiles Rearrangement -- Wagner‐Jauregg Reaction -- Wagner-Meerwein Rearrangement -- Wolff Rearrangement -- Wittig -- Boron, Fluorine, and Phosphorous -- B -- F -- P -- Metal Catalysts -- Ag -- Au -- Co -- Cu -- Fe -- Mg -- Si -- Pd -- In -- Ni -- Pd -- Rh -- Ir -- Biological -- Enzyme -- Steroid -- Sugar -- Miscellaneous -- References -- Chapter 12 Ligand‐Promoted Catalyzed Reactions -- REACTIONS NOT INVOLVING C H BOND ACTIVATION -- Cross‐Coupling Reactions with C C Bond Formation -- Cross‐Coupling Reactions with C N Bond Formation -- Cross‐Coupling Reactions with Other C X Bond Formation -- Cross‐Coupling Reactions with Simultaneous C-C and C-C/C X Bond Formations -- Annulation Reactions and Others -- REACTIONS INVOLVING C H BOND ACTIVATION -- C-H Alkylation Reactions -- C-H Arylation Reactions -- Cross‐Dehydrogenative Coupling (CDC) Reactions.
Annulation Reactions -- C X Bond Formation via C-H Activation -- Other C-H Functionalizations -- References -- Chapter 13 Radical Reactions -- Generation and Trapping -- Probing Radical Reaction Mechanisms -- Biological Applications -- Functional Group Interconversions -- Organoboron Compounds -- Alkylbenzenes -- Nitrogen‐containing Functional Groups -- Oxygen‐Containing Functional Groups -- Sulfur‐Containing Functional Groups -- Phosphorus‐containing Functional Groups -- Allenes (Forming C-Heteroatom Bonds) -- Alkenes (Forming C-Heteroatom Bonds) -- Alkynes (Forming C-Heteroatom Bonds) -- Addition to Arenes and Heteroarenes (Forming C-Heteroatom Bonds) -- Cyclizations -- Three‐Membered Ring Formation -- Five‐Membered Ring Formation -- Six‐Membered Ring Formation -- Intermolecular Additions -- Addition to Alkenes (Forming C C Bonds) -- Addition to Alkynes (Forming C C Bonds) -- Addition to Arenes and Heteroarenes (Forming C C Bonds) -- Cascade Reactions -- Initial Fragmentation -- Initial Intermolecular Addition -- Initial Cyclization -- Radical Cations -- References -- Subject Index -- EULA.
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How to Solve Organic Reaction Mechanisms : A Stepwise Approach
