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Diseases and conditions in dentistry : an evidence-based reference / / Keyvan Moharamzadeh
Diseases and conditions in dentistry : an evidence-based reference / / Keyvan Moharamzadeh
Autore Moharamzadeh Keyvan
Pubbl/distr/stampa Hoboken, New Jersey : , : Wiley, , 2018
Descrizione fisica 1 online resource (394 pages)
Disciplina 617.522
Soggetto topico Mouth - Diseases
Oral medicine
Soggetto non controllato Evidence-Based Medicine
Dentistry
Medical
ISBN 1-119-31211-6
1-119-31207-8
1-119-31209-4
Formato Materiale a stampa
Livello bibliografico Monografia
Lingua di pubblicazione eng
Nota di contenuto Preface xxi; Glossary xxv; About the Companion Website xxix; 1 Geometrical Optics 1; 1.1 Geometrical Optics -- Ray and Wave Optics 1; 1.2 Fermat's Principle and the Eikonal Equation 2; 1.3 Sequential Geometrical Optics -- A Generalised Description 3; 1.4 Behaviour of Simple Optical Components and Surfaces 10; 1.5 Paraxial Approximation and Gaussian Optics 15; 1.6 Matrix Ray Tracing 16; Further Reading 21; 2 Apertures Stops and Simple Instruments 23; 2.1 Function of Apertures and Stops 23; 2.2 Aperture Stops, Chief, and Marginal Rays 23; 2.3 Entrance Pupil and Exit Pupil 25; 2.4 Telecentricity 27; 2.5 Vignetting 27; 2.6 Field Stops and Other Stops 28; 2.7 Tangential and Sagittal Ray Fans 28; 2.8 Two Dimensional Ray Fans and Anamorphic Optics 28; 2.9 Optical Invariant and Lagrange Invariant 30; 2.10 Eccentricity Variable 31; 2.11 Image Formation in Simple Optical Systems 31; Further Reading 36; 3 Monochromatic Aberrations 37; 3.1 Introduction 37; 3.2 Breakdown of the Paraxial Approximation and Third Order Aberrations 37; 3.3 Aberration and Optical Path Difference 41; 3.4 General Third Order Aberration Theory 46; 3.5 Gauss-Seidel Aberrations 47; 3.6 Summary of Third Order Aberrations 55; Further Reading 58; 4 Aberration Theory and Chromatic Aberration 59; 4.1 General Points 59; 4.2 Aberration Due to a Single Refractive Surface 60; 4.3 Reflection from a Spherical Mirror 64; 4.4 Refraction Due to Optical Components 67; 4.5 The Effect of Pupil Position on Element Aberration 78; 4.6 Abbe Sine Condition 81; 4.7 Chromatic Aberration 83; 4.8 Hierarchy of Aberrations 92; Further Reading 94; 5 Aspheric Surfaces and Zernike Polynomials 95; 5.1 Introduction 95; 5.2 Aspheric Surfaces 95; 5.3 Zernike Polynomials 100; Further Reading 109; 6 Diffraction, Physical Optics, and Image Quality 111; 6.1 Introduction 111; 6.2 The Eikonal Equation 112; 6.3 Huygens Wavelets and the Diffraction Formulae 112; 6.4 Diffraction in the Fraunhofer Approximation 115; 6.5 Diffraction in an Optical System -- the Airy Disc 116; 6.6 The Impact of Aberration on System Resolution 120; 6.7 Laser Beam Propagation 123; 6.8 Fresnel Diffraction 130; 6.9 Diffraction and Image Quality 132; Further Reading 138; 7 Radiometry and Photometry 139; 7.1 Introduction 139; 7.2 Radiometry 139; 7.3 Scattering of Light from Rough Surfaces 146; 7.4 Scattering of Light from Smooth Surfaces 147; 7.5 Radiometry and Object Field Illumination 151; 7.6 Radiometric Measurements 155; 7.7 Photometry 158; Further Reading 166; 8 Polarisation and Birefringence 169; 8.1 Introduction 169; 8.2 Polarisation 170; 8.3 Birefringence 178; 8.4 Polarisation Devices 187; 8.5 Analysis of Polarisation Components 191; 8.6 Stress-induced Birefringence 196; Further Reading 197; 9 Optical Materials 199; 9.1 Introduction 199; 9.2 Refractive Properties of Optical Materials 200; 9.3 Transmission Characteristics of Materials 212; 9.4 Thermomechanical Properties 215; 9.5 Material Quality 219; 9.6 Exposure to Environmental Attack 221; 9.7 Material Processing 221; Further Reading 222; 10 Coatings and Filters 223; 10.1 Introduction 223; 10.2 Properties of Thin Films 223; 10.3 Filters 232; 10.4 Design of Thin Film Filters 244; 10.5 Thin Film Materials 246; 10.6 Thin Film Deposition Processes 247; Further Reading 250; 11 Prisms and Dispersion Devices 251; 11.1 Introduction 251; 11.2 Prisms 251; 11.3 Analysis of Diffraction Gratings 257; 11.4 Diffractive Optics 273; 11.5 Grating Fabrication 274; Further Reading 276; 12 Lasers and Laser Applications 277; 12.1 Introduction 277; 12.2 Stimulated Emission Schemes 279; 12.3 Laser Cavities 284; 12.4 Taxonomy of Lasers 293; 12.5 List of Laser Types 298; 12.6 Laser Applications 301; Further Reading 308; 13 Optical Fibres and Waveguides 309; 13.1 Introduction 309; 13.2 Geometrical Description of Fibre Propagation 310; 13.3 Waveguides and Modes 317; 13.4 Single Mode Optical Fibres 324; 13.5 Optical Fibre Materials 329; 13.6 Coupling of Light into Fibres 330; 13.7 Fibre Splicing and Connection 334; 13.8 Fibre Splitters, Combiners, and Couplers 335; 13.9 Polarisation and Polarisation Maintaining Fibres 335; 13.10 Focal Ratio Degradation 336; 13.11 Periodic Structures in Fibres 336; 13.12 Fibre Manufacture 338; 13.13 Fibre Applications 339; Further Reading 339; 14 Detectors 341; 14.1 Introduction 341; 14.2 Detector Types 341; 14.3 Noise in Detectors 354; 14.4 Radiometry and Detectors 364; 14.5 Array Detectors in Instrumentation 365; Further Reading 368; 15 Optical Instrumentation -- Imaging Devices 369; 15.1 Introduction 369; 15.2 The Design of Eyepieces 370; 15.3 Microscope Objectives 378; 15.4 Telescopes 381; 15.5 Camera Systems 392; Further Reading 405; 16 Interferometers and Related Instruments 407; 16.1 Introduction 407; 16.2 Background 407; 16.3 Classical Interferometers 409; 16.4 Calibration 418; 16.5 Interferometry and Null Tests 420; 16.6 Interferometry and Phase Shifting 425; 16.7 Miscellaneous Characterisation Techniques 426; Further Reading 433; 17 Spectrometers and Related Instruments 435; 17.1 Introduction 435; 17.2 Basic Spectrometer Designs 436; 17.3 Time Domain Spectrometry 454; Further Reading 457; 18 Optical Design 459; 18.1 Introduction 459; 18.2 Design Philosophy 461; 18.3 Optical Design Tools 467; 18.4 Non-Sequential Modelling 487; 18.5 Afterword 495; Further Reading 495; 19 Mechanical and Thermo-Mechanical Modelling 497; 19.1 Introduction 497; 19.2 Basic Elastic Theory 498; 19.3 Basic Analysis of Mechanical Distortion 501; 19.4 Basic Analysis of Thermo-Mechanical Distortion 517; 19.5 Finite Element Analysis 525; Further Reading 529; 20 Optical Component Manufacture 531; 20.1 Introduction 531; 20.2 Conventional Figuring of Optical Surfaces 532; 20.3 Specialist Shaping and Polishing Techniques 539; 20.4 Diamond Machining 541; 20.5 Edging and Bonding 547; 20.6 Form Error and Surface Roughness 550; 20.7 Standards and Drawings 551; Further Reading 557; 21 System Integration and Alignment 559; 21.1 Introduction 559; 21.2 Component Mounting 561; 21.3 Op.
Record Nr. UNINA-9910270881603321
Moharamzadeh Keyvan  
Hoboken, New Jersey : , : Wiley, , 2018
Materiale a stampa
Lo trovi qui: Univ. Federico II
Opac: Controlla la disponibilità qui
Diseases and conditions in dentistry : an evidence-based reference / / Keyvan Moharamzadeh
Diseases and conditions in dentistry : an evidence-based reference / / Keyvan Moharamzadeh
Autore Moharamzadeh Keyvan
Pubbl/distr/stampa Hoboken, New Jersey : , : Wiley, , 2018
Descrizione fisica 1 online resource (394 pages)
Disciplina 617.522
Soggetto topico Mouth - Diseases
Oral medicine
Soggetto non controllato Evidence-Based Medicine
Dentistry
Medical
ISBN 1-119-31211-6
1-119-31207-8
1-119-31209-4
Formato Materiale a stampa
Livello bibliografico Monografia
Lingua di pubblicazione eng
Nota di contenuto Preface xxi; Glossary xxv; About the Companion Website xxix; 1 Geometrical Optics 1; 1.1 Geometrical Optics -- Ray and Wave Optics 1; 1.2 Fermat's Principle and the Eikonal Equation 2; 1.3 Sequential Geometrical Optics -- A Generalised Description 3; 1.4 Behaviour of Simple Optical Components and Surfaces 10; 1.5 Paraxial Approximation and Gaussian Optics 15; 1.6 Matrix Ray Tracing 16; Further Reading 21; 2 Apertures Stops and Simple Instruments 23; 2.1 Function of Apertures and Stops 23; 2.2 Aperture Stops, Chief, and Marginal Rays 23; 2.3 Entrance Pupil and Exit Pupil 25; 2.4 Telecentricity 27; 2.5 Vignetting 27; 2.6 Field Stops and Other Stops 28; 2.7 Tangential and Sagittal Ray Fans 28; 2.8 Two Dimensional Ray Fans and Anamorphic Optics 28; 2.9 Optical Invariant and Lagrange Invariant 30; 2.10 Eccentricity Variable 31; 2.11 Image Formation in Simple Optical Systems 31; Further Reading 36; 3 Monochromatic Aberrations 37; 3.1 Introduction 37; 3.2 Breakdown of the Paraxial Approximation and Third Order Aberrations 37; 3.3 Aberration and Optical Path Difference 41; 3.4 General Third Order Aberration Theory 46; 3.5 Gauss-Seidel Aberrations 47; 3.6 Summary of Third Order Aberrations 55; Further Reading 58; 4 Aberration Theory and Chromatic Aberration 59; 4.1 General Points 59; 4.2 Aberration Due to a Single Refractive Surface 60; 4.3 Reflection from a Spherical Mirror 64; 4.4 Refraction Due to Optical Components 67; 4.5 The Effect of Pupil Position on Element Aberration 78; 4.6 Abbe Sine Condition 81; 4.7 Chromatic Aberration 83; 4.8 Hierarchy of Aberrations 92; Further Reading 94; 5 Aspheric Surfaces and Zernike Polynomials 95; 5.1 Introduction 95; 5.2 Aspheric Surfaces 95; 5.3 Zernike Polynomials 100; Further Reading 109; 6 Diffraction, Physical Optics, and Image Quality 111; 6.1 Introduction 111; 6.2 The Eikonal Equation 112; 6.3 Huygens Wavelets and the Diffraction Formulae 112; 6.4 Diffraction in the Fraunhofer Approximation 115; 6.5 Diffraction in an Optical System -- the Airy Disc 116; 6.6 The Impact of Aberration on System Resolution 120; 6.7 Laser Beam Propagation 123; 6.8 Fresnel Diffraction 130; 6.9 Diffraction and Image Quality 132; Further Reading 138; 7 Radiometry and Photometry 139; 7.1 Introduction 139; 7.2 Radiometry 139; 7.3 Scattering of Light from Rough Surfaces 146; 7.4 Scattering of Light from Smooth Surfaces 147; 7.5 Radiometry and Object Field Illumination 151; 7.6 Radiometric Measurements 155; 7.7 Photometry 158; Further Reading 166; 8 Polarisation and Birefringence 169; 8.1 Introduction 169; 8.2 Polarisation 170; 8.3 Birefringence 178; 8.4 Polarisation Devices 187; 8.5 Analysis of Polarisation Components 191; 8.6 Stress-induced Birefringence 196; Further Reading 197; 9 Optical Materials 199; 9.1 Introduction 199; 9.2 Refractive Properties of Optical Materials 200; 9.3 Transmission Characteristics of Materials 212; 9.4 Thermomechanical Properties 215; 9.5 Material Quality 219; 9.6 Exposure to Environmental Attack 221; 9.7 Material Processing 221; Further Reading 222; 10 Coatings and Filters 223; 10.1 Introduction 223; 10.2 Properties of Thin Films 223; 10.3 Filters 232; 10.4 Design of Thin Film Filters 244; 10.5 Thin Film Materials 246; 10.6 Thin Film Deposition Processes 247; Further Reading 250; 11 Prisms and Dispersion Devices 251; 11.1 Introduction 251; 11.2 Prisms 251; 11.3 Analysis of Diffraction Gratings 257; 11.4 Diffractive Optics 273; 11.5 Grating Fabrication 274; Further Reading 276; 12 Lasers and Laser Applications 277; 12.1 Introduction 277; 12.2 Stimulated Emission Schemes 279; 12.3 Laser Cavities 284; 12.4 Taxonomy of Lasers 293; 12.5 List of Laser Types 298; 12.6 Laser Applications 301; Further Reading 308; 13 Optical Fibres and Waveguides 309; 13.1 Introduction 309; 13.2 Geometrical Description of Fibre Propagation 310; 13.3 Waveguides and Modes 317; 13.4 Single Mode Optical Fibres 324; 13.5 Optical Fibre Materials 329; 13.6 Coupling of Light into Fibres 330; 13.7 Fibre Splicing and Connection 334; 13.8 Fibre Splitters, Combiners, and Couplers 335; 13.9 Polarisation and Polarisation Maintaining Fibres 335; 13.10 Focal Ratio Degradation 336; 13.11 Periodic Structures in Fibres 336; 13.12 Fibre Manufacture 338; 13.13 Fibre Applications 339; Further Reading 339; 14 Detectors 341; 14.1 Introduction 341; 14.2 Detector Types 341; 14.3 Noise in Detectors 354; 14.4 Radiometry and Detectors 364; 14.5 Array Detectors in Instrumentation 365; Further Reading 368; 15 Optical Instrumentation -- Imaging Devices 369; 15.1 Introduction 369; 15.2 The Design of Eyepieces 370; 15.3 Microscope Objectives 378; 15.4 Telescopes 381; 15.5 Camera Systems 392; Further Reading 405; 16 Interferometers and Related Instruments 407; 16.1 Introduction 407; 16.2 Background 407; 16.3 Classical Interferometers 409; 16.4 Calibration 418; 16.5 Interferometry and Null Tests 420; 16.6 Interferometry and Phase Shifting 425; 16.7 Miscellaneous Characterisation Techniques 426; Further Reading 433; 17 Spectrometers and Related Instruments 435; 17.1 Introduction 435; 17.2 Basic Spectrometer Designs 436; 17.3 Time Domain Spectrometry 454; Further Reading 457; 18 Optical Design 459; 18.1 Introduction 459; 18.2 Design Philosophy 461; 18.3 Optical Design Tools 467; 18.4 Non-Sequential Modelling 487; 18.5 Afterword 495; Further Reading 495; 19 Mechanical and Thermo-Mechanical Modelling 497; 19.1 Introduction 497; 19.2 Basic Elastic Theory 498; 19.3 Basic Analysis of Mechanical Distortion 501; 19.4 Basic Analysis of Thermo-Mechanical Distortion 517; 19.5 Finite Element Analysis 525; Further Reading 529; 20 Optical Component Manufacture 531; 20.1 Introduction 531; 20.2 Conventional Figuring of Optical Surfaces 532; 20.3 Specialist Shaping and Polishing Techniques 539; 20.4 Diamond Machining 541; 20.5 Edging and Bonding 547; 20.6 Form Error and Surface Roughness 550; 20.7 Standards and Drawings 551; Further Reading 557; 21 System Integration and Alignment 559; 21.1 Introduction 559; 21.2 Component Mounting 561; 21.3 Op.
Record Nr. UNINA-9910822859303321
Moharamzadeh Keyvan  
Hoboken, New Jersey : , : Wiley, , 2018
Materiale a stampa
Lo trovi qui: Univ. Federico II
Opac: Controlla la disponibilità qui