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Radio spectrum management : policies, regulations and techniques / / Haim Mazar (Madjar)
Radio spectrum management : policies, regulations and techniques / / Haim Mazar (Madjar)
Autore Mazar Haim
Pubbl/distr/stampa Chichester, West Sussex, United Kingdom : , : Wiley, 2016
Descrizione fisica 1 online resource (451 pages.)
Disciplina 384.54/524
Soggetto topico telecommunications
waveband
radio telecommunications
regulatory policy
mobile communication
ISBN 1-119-12085-3
1-118-75962-1
1-118-75963-X
Classificazione SCI067000
Formato Materiale a stampa
Livello bibliografico Monografia
Lingua di pubblicazione eng
Nota di contenuto -- About the Author xiii -- Foreword xiv -- Preface xv -- Acknowledgments xviii -- Acronyms and Abbreviations xxi -- 1 The Radio Frequency Spectrum and Wireless Communications 1 -- 1.1 Historical Overview 1 -- 1.2 A General Communication Channel 2 -- 1.3 Radio Frequency Bands 2 -- 1.4 Scarcity of the RF Spectrum 3 -- References 4 -- 2 The Main Regulated Radio Services 5 -- 2.1 General 5 -- 2.2 Terrestrial Broadcasting Delivery: Sound (Radio) and Video (Television) 6 -- 2.2.1 Definitions and Introduction 6 -- 2.2.2 Broadcasting Video and Audio Delivery 8 -- 2.2.3 Terrestrial Sound (Audio) 10 -- 2.2.4 Terrestrial Video (Television) 14 -- 2.3 Land Mobile and the Cellular Service 25 -- 2.3.1 Definitions and Introduction 25 -- 2.3.2 Cellular Reference Network Unit 26 -- 2.3.3 Regulation and Standardization of the Cellular Service 28 -- 2.3.4 IMT Terrestrial Radio (Including LTE) 33 -- 2.4 Fixed Point?]to?]Point and Point?]to?]Multipoint 38 -- 2.4.1 Overview of Fixed Services: Fixed Networks and Mobile Backhauling 38 -- 2.4.2 Deployment and Performance 39 -- 2.4.3 Line?]of?]Sight (LoS) and Non?]Line?]of?]Sight (NLoS) Links 43 -- 2.4.4 Fixed Wireless Systems (FWS) and Broadband Wireless Access (BWA) Systems 44 -- 2.4.5 Available RF Spectrum and Frequency Planning 45 -- 2.5 Satellite Communications 47 -- 2.5.1 Definitions of Satellite Communications 47 -- 2.5.2 Satellite Orbits and Services 47 -- 2.5.3 Satellite Equipment 62 -- 2.5.4 Monitoring and Regulating Satellite Communications 65 -- References 69 -- 3 Short Range Devices and the License?]Exempt RF Spectrum 72 -- 3.1 Regulatory Framework of SRDs 72 -- 3.1.1 Definitions and Applications 72 -- 3.1.2 Non?]Interference, Unlicensed and Unprotected 73 -- 3.1.3 Mutual Agreements Between Countries/Regions 75 -- 3.1.4 Placing the SRD on the Market and the Labeling of SRDs 75 -- 3.1.5 SRDs Interfering with Radiocommunications Services 79 -- 3.2 Collective Use of SRDs 80 -- 3.2.1 Risk?]versus?]Risk 80 -- 3.2.2 The Collectivized View Explaining the Harmonization of SRDs and the RF 81.
3.2.3 The Individualized View Explaining Minimal Restrictions 81 -- 3.3 An Engineering Background to Understand the SRD Technical Parameters 82 -- 3.3.1 Friis Equations, Received Power, Electric and Magnetic Field?]Strengths: Numerical Equations 82 -- 3.3.2 Received Power and Electric Field?]Strength: Numerical Equations 83 -- 3.3.3 Received Power and Magnetic Field?]Strength: Numerical Equations 84 -- 3.3.4 Received Power, Electric and Magnetic Field?]Strength: Logarithmic Equations 84 -- 3.4 Global Regulation of SRDs 86 -- 3.4.1 Globalization 86 -- 3.4.2 ISM BANDS: Extracts from ITU RR and Spectrum Management Recommendations 87 -- 3.4.3 Frequency Ranges for Global or Regional Harmonization of SRDs 89 -- 3.4.4 Technical and Operating Parameters and Spectrum Use for SRDs 91 -- 3.5 Regional Regulation of SRDs 91 -- 3.5.1 Region 1 and CEPT/ECC ERC Recommendation 70?]03 92 -- 3.5.2 Region 2 and the FCC CFR 47 Part 15 Radio Frequency Devices 93 -- 3.5.3 Region 3: SRDs in APT Countries 96 -- 3.6 Global and Regional Ruling in Three ITU Regions: Case Studies to Compare and Contrast 97 -- 3.6.1 Case Study 1: Wi?]Fi, RLAN, WLAN, U?]NII 98 -- 3.6.2 Case Study 2: RFID's Global and Regional Ruling 105 -- 3.6.3 Case Study 3: ISM and the Citizen Band 26.96 / 27.28 MHz 108 -- References 110 -- 4 Policies, Legal and Economic Frameworks to Manage the RF Spectrum 112 -- 4.1 Worldviews Shape RF Policies 112 -- 4.1.1 Culture, Regulation and Uncertain Risks 112 -- 4.1.2 Central Planning (Ex?]Ante and A?]Priori) Versus Market?]Based (Ex?]Post and A?]Posteriori) Approaches 115 -- 4.1.3 Radio Frequency Regulatory Framework and Basic Objectives 118 -- 4.2 Legal Environment 118 -- 4.2.1 Two Different Legal Traditions: Civil Law and Common Law 118 -- 4.2.2 The Legal Framework 120 -- 4.2.3 Radiocommunications Law 122 -- 4.2.4 Factors Affecting the RF Value 123 -- 4.2.5 The RF Spectrum and Property Rights 123 -- 4.2.6 International, Regional and National Legislation 124 -- 4.3 The Economic Environment 126.
4.3.1 Economics and Spectrum Management 126 -- 4.3.2 Benefits of Using the Radio Spectrum 130 -- 4.3.3 National Cost Accounting: The RF Spectrum as a Non?]Produced Asset 133 -- 4.3.4 Fee Policy 136 -- 4.3.5 License Fee: Comparative Evaluation Methods, Auctions and Lotteries, Secondary Trading 138 -- 4.3.6 RF Spectrum Annual Fees 143 -- 4.4 International, Regional and National Frequency Allocation Table and Redeployment 146 -- 4.4.1 Allocation Table 146 -- 4.4.2 RF Spectrum Redeployment and Refarming 146 -- References 148 -- 5 RF Engineering and the Link Budget 150 -- 5.1 End?]To?]End Wireless Communication 150 -- 5.2 RF Characteristics: Modulation and Multiple Access 151 -- 5.2.1 Modulation and Digitization 151 -- 5.2.2 Representation of the Modulated Signal 155 -- 5.2.3 Analog Modulations 157 -- 5.2.4 Digital Modulations 157 -- 5.2.5 Channel Multiple Access and Full Duplex Techniques 165 -- 5.3 Transmitters: Power and Unwanted Emissions 168 -- 5.3.1 Transmitter Block Diagram 168 -- 5.3.2 Emission Mask 169 -- 5.3.3 Unwanted Emissions 169 -- 5.4 Receivers: Concept, Selectivity, Noise and Sensitivity 172 -- 5.4.1 Receiver Noise Floor and Sensitivity 172 -- 5.4.2 Noise Factor and Noise Temperature 174 -- 5.4.3 Gain to Noise Temperature G/T for Satellite Earth and Space Stations 176 -- 5.5 Antennas: Fundamental Parameters 177 -- 5.5.1 Antenna: Aperture, Beamwidth, Directivity and Gain 178 -- 5.5.2 Three?]Dimensional Radiation Pattern and Gain Calculations 182 -- 5.5.3 Antenna Polarization, Bandwidth, Insertion Loss and Impedance 192 -- 5.6 Propagation 194 -- 5.6.1 General 194 -- 5.6.2 Friis Transmission Equation and Free?]Space Propagation Loss: Power 194 -- 5.6.3 Maxwell's Equations and Received Free?]Space Field?]Strength from a Far?]Field Emission 198 -- 5.6.4 ITU?]R P.1546 Propagation Curves 30 / 3,000 MHz 203 -- 5.6.5 Fresnel Zones 204 -- 5.6.6 Attenuation by Atmospheric Gases 206 -- 5.6.7 Near?]Field to Far?]Field 206 -- 5.6.8 Frequency Dependency in Penetrating Walls and Bypassing Obstacles 207.
5.7 Link Budget 210 -- 5.7.1 Power Equations 210 -- 5.7.2 Conversion Formulae 212 -- 5.8 Radio Frequency Interference and Spectrum Sharing 215 -- 5.8.1 Non?]Linear Interference 215 -- 5.8.2 Linear Interference 217 -- 5.8.3 Decreasing Interference: Mitigation Techniques 225 -- References 225 -- 6 International RF Spectrum Management and Standardization 229 -- 6.1 International Regulations and Standards 229 -- 6.2 Regulation and Standardization 230 -- 6.2.1 International RF Spectrum Management and Standardization Players 230 -- 6.2.2 Worldwide Regulation and Standardization 234 -- 6.2.3 Globalization of RF Regulation and Standardization 240 -- 6.3 National, Regional and Global RF Regulation 242 -- 6.3.1 Transfer of National Regulatory Power to an Intergovernmental Authority 242 -- 6.3.2 Implementing Regional RF Spectrum Management and Standardization 244 -- 6.4 Global Regulatory Framework: ITU 245 -- 6.4.1 ITU?]D (also Telecommunications Development Bureau, BDT) 246 -- 6.4.2 ITU?]T (also TSB, Telecommunication Standardization Bureau) 247 -- 6.4.3 ITU?]R (also BR, Bureau Radio) 247 -- 6.4.4 ITU Radio Regulations 249 -- 6.5 Cross?]Border Coordination, Regulation and Techniques 256 -- 6.5.1 Avoiding Harmful Interference between Administrations 256 -- 6.5.2 Bilateral and Multilateral Agreements 256 -- 6.5.3 Preferential Use of Frequencies, Trigger Levels and Distance from the Border 257 -- 6.5.4 Decreasing Cross?]Border Interference: Mitigation Techniques 258 -- References 259 -- 7 Regional RF Spectrum Management 261 -- 7.1 RF Regulation on the Continent of Europe: Main Players 261 -- 7.1.1 The Intergovernmental and International Regulatory Relationships 261 -- 7.1.2 The Main European Organizations 261 -- 7.1.3 Supranational Europe: European Union, EU Framework Legislation on Spectrum 266 -- 7.1.4 Computerized Tools and Harmonized Activities Used in the CEPT 272 -- 7.1.5 Overall Approach: Europe Regulatory Framework, All Europe Including the EU 273 -- 7.2 Main Regional Players in the Americas: OAS, CITEL and CAN 276.
7.2.1 OAS and CITEL 277 -- 7.2.2 RF Regulatory Framework in CAN 277 -- 7.2.3 CAN: Overall Approach 279 -- 7.2.4 CAN Regulation: Conclusion 280 -- 7.2.5 Additional South American and Caribbean Players 280 -- 7.2.6 Intergovernmental South American Overall Approach 281 -- 7.3 Comparison of the Two Major Camps: Europe and North America 282 -- 7.3.1 General 282 -- 7.3.2 Analysis 283 -- 7.3.3 Conclusion 285 -- 7.4 Regulation in Asia 285 -- 7.4.1 General: Leading Asia 286 -- 7.4.2 Asia?]Pacific Telecommunity (APT) 286 -- 7.4.3 Regulating the Largest Wireless Markets in South?]East Asia 288 -- 7.4.4 Asia?]Pacific Broadcasting Union (ABU) 288 -- 7.4.5 Regional Commonwealth in the Field of Communications (RCC) 289 -- 7.5 RF Regulation in the Arab States and North Africa 289 -- 7.6 RF Regulation in Africa 291 -- 7.6.1 African Telecommunications Union (ATU) 291 -- 7.6.2 West African States 292 -- 7.6.3 East African Community: EAC and EACO 292 -- 7.6.4 South?]African Region: Regulatory Framework 292 -- References 293 -- 8 National Spectrum Management 295 -- 8.1 Roles of the National Spectrum Management (NSM) 295 -- 8.1.1 National Objectives 295 -- 8.1.2 Basic Functions and Responsibilities of the NSM 296 -- 8.1.3 Guidelines and Practices to Optimally Manage the RF Spectrum 298 -- 8.1.4 RF Spectrum Control 303 -- 8.2 Trends in Spectrum Management, Smarter Technologies and Modulations 305 -- 8.2.1 Administrative Trends 305 -- 8.2.2 New Wireless Technologies 306 -- 8.2.3 Spectrum Policy, Time Scales and Wireless Innovation 309 -- 8.3 RF Spectrum Management in Some Leading Countries 310 -- 8.3.1 RF Regulatory Framework in China 311 -- 8.3.2 RF Regulatory Framework in France 322 -- 8.3.3 RF Regulatory Framework in the UK 329 -- 8.3.4 RF Regulatory Framework in the USA 339 -- 8.3.5 Regulatory Frameworks of National Case Studies: Conclusion 355 -- References 356 -- 9 Limitations to Radio Frequency Human Exposure 359 -- 9.1 Human?]Hazards 359 -- 9.2 RF Health Risks as a Social Story 361.
9.2.1 Electromagnetic Hypersensitivity and Electrophobia 361 -- 9.2.2 Regulating Uncertain Risks 362 -- 9.3 RF (Radio Frequency) Exposure and Thermal Damage 363 -- 9.3.1 Human?]Hazards: Risks from RF Exposure 363 -- 9.3.2 The International, Regional and National Thresholds: Comparative Study 374 -- 9.4 Quantified RF Hazards from Fixed Transmitters 375 -- 9.4.1 Power?]Density, Field?]Strength and Safety?]Distances around Fixed Transmitters 375 -- 9.4.2 Emissions Transmitted from the Same Site: Multiple?]Antenna Installation 377 -- 9.5 Simulations and Measurements of RF Exposure 379 -- 9.5.1 Calculated Safety?]Distances, Worst?]Case, Multiple?]Antenna Installation 379 -- 9.5.2 Monitoring Human Exposure 382 -- 9.6 RF Hazards Limits and Their Impact on Mobile Network Planning 386 -- 9.6.1 Excessive Exposure Limits Affect Network Planning 386 -- 9.6.2 Handling Low Exposure Thresholds by Additional Cellular Antennas or Additional RF Spectrum 387 -- 9.6.3 Test to Quantify RF Versus Sites 389 -- 9.7 Policies and Mitigation Techniques to Reduce Human Exposure 390 -- 9.7.1 Policies to Reduce Human Exposure to RF Radiation 390 -- 9.7.2 Mitigation Techniques to Decrease the Radiation Level 391 -- 9.7.3 Myths and Realities 392 -- 9.8 Conclusions 393 -- References 393 -- Index 398.
Record Nr. UNINA-9910134877103321
Mazar Haim  
Chichester, West Sussex, United Kingdom : , : Wiley, 2016
Materiale a stampa
Lo trovi qui: Univ. Federico II
Opac: Controlla la disponibilità qui
Radio spectrum management : policies, regulations and techniques / / Haim Mazar (Madjar)
Radio spectrum management : policies, regulations and techniques / / Haim Mazar (Madjar)
Autore Mazar Haim
Pubbl/distr/stampa Chichester, West Sussex, United Kingdom : , : Wiley, 2016
Descrizione fisica 1 online resource (451 pages.)
Disciplina 384.54/524
Soggetto topico telecommunications
waveband
radio telecommunications
regulatory policy
mobile communication
ISBN 1-119-12085-3
1-118-75962-1
1-118-75963-X
Classificazione SCI067000
Formato Materiale a stampa
Livello bibliografico Monografia
Lingua di pubblicazione eng
Nota di contenuto -- About the Author xiii -- Foreword xiv -- Preface xv -- Acknowledgments xviii -- Acronyms and Abbreviations xxi -- 1 The Radio Frequency Spectrum and Wireless Communications 1 -- 1.1 Historical Overview 1 -- 1.2 A General Communication Channel 2 -- 1.3 Radio Frequency Bands 2 -- 1.4 Scarcity of the RF Spectrum 3 -- References 4 -- 2 The Main Regulated Radio Services 5 -- 2.1 General 5 -- 2.2 Terrestrial Broadcasting Delivery: Sound (Radio) and Video (Television) 6 -- 2.2.1 Definitions and Introduction 6 -- 2.2.2 Broadcasting Video and Audio Delivery 8 -- 2.2.3 Terrestrial Sound (Audio) 10 -- 2.2.4 Terrestrial Video (Television) 14 -- 2.3 Land Mobile and the Cellular Service 25 -- 2.3.1 Definitions and Introduction 25 -- 2.3.2 Cellular Reference Network Unit 26 -- 2.3.3 Regulation and Standardization of the Cellular Service 28 -- 2.3.4 IMT Terrestrial Radio (Including LTE) 33 -- 2.4 Fixed Point?]to?]Point and Point?]to?]Multipoint 38 -- 2.4.1 Overview of Fixed Services: Fixed Networks and Mobile Backhauling 38 -- 2.4.2 Deployment and Performance 39 -- 2.4.3 Line?]of?]Sight (LoS) and Non?]Line?]of?]Sight (NLoS) Links 43 -- 2.4.4 Fixed Wireless Systems (FWS) and Broadband Wireless Access (BWA) Systems 44 -- 2.4.5 Available RF Spectrum and Frequency Planning 45 -- 2.5 Satellite Communications 47 -- 2.5.1 Definitions of Satellite Communications 47 -- 2.5.2 Satellite Orbits and Services 47 -- 2.5.3 Satellite Equipment 62 -- 2.5.4 Monitoring and Regulating Satellite Communications 65 -- References 69 -- 3 Short Range Devices and the License?]Exempt RF Spectrum 72 -- 3.1 Regulatory Framework of SRDs 72 -- 3.1.1 Definitions and Applications 72 -- 3.1.2 Non?]Interference, Unlicensed and Unprotected 73 -- 3.1.3 Mutual Agreements Between Countries/Regions 75 -- 3.1.4 Placing the SRD on the Market and the Labeling of SRDs 75 -- 3.1.5 SRDs Interfering with Radiocommunications Services 79 -- 3.2 Collective Use of SRDs 80 -- 3.2.1 Risk?]versus?]Risk 80 -- 3.2.2 The Collectivized View Explaining the Harmonization of SRDs and the RF 81.
3.2.3 The Individualized View Explaining Minimal Restrictions 81 -- 3.3 An Engineering Background to Understand the SRD Technical Parameters 82 -- 3.3.1 Friis Equations, Received Power, Electric and Magnetic Field?]Strengths: Numerical Equations 82 -- 3.3.2 Received Power and Electric Field?]Strength: Numerical Equations 83 -- 3.3.3 Received Power and Magnetic Field?]Strength: Numerical Equations 84 -- 3.3.4 Received Power, Electric and Magnetic Field?]Strength: Logarithmic Equations 84 -- 3.4 Global Regulation of SRDs 86 -- 3.4.1 Globalization 86 -- 3.4.2 ISM BANDS: Extracts from ITU RR and Spectrum Management Recommendations 87 -- 3.4.3 Frequency Ranges for Global or Regional Harmonization of SRDs 89 -- 3.4.4 Technical and Operating Parameters and Spectrum Use for SRDs 91 -- 3.5 Regional Regulation of SRDs 91 -- 3.5.1 Region 1 and CEPT/ECC ERC Recommendation 70?]03 92 -- 3.5.2 Region 2 and the FCC CFR 47 Part 15 Radio Frequency Devices 93 -- 3.5.3 Region 3: SRDs in APT Countries 96 -- 3.6 Global and Regional Ruling in Three ITU Regions: Case Studies to Compare and Contrast 97 -- 3.6.1 Case Study 1: Wi?]Fi, RLAN, WLAN, U?]NII 98 -- 3.6.2 Case Study 2: RFID's Global and Regional Ruling 105 -- 3.6.3 Case Study 3: ISM and the Citizen Band 26.96 / 27.28 MHz 108 -- References 110 -- 4 Policies, Legal and Economic Frameworks to Manage the RF Spectrum 112 -- 4.1 Worldviews Shape RF Policies 112 -- 4.1.1 Culture, Regulation and Uncertain Risks 112 -- 4.1.2 Central Planning (Ex?]Ante and A?]Priori) Versus Market?]Based (Ex?]Post and A?]Posteriori) Approaches 115 -- 4.1.3 Radio Frequency Regulatory Framework and Basic Objectives 118 -- 4.2 Legal Environment 118 -- 4.2.1 Two Different Legal Traditions: Civil Law and Common Law 118 -- 4.2.2 The Legal Framework 120 -- 4.2.3 Radiocommunications Law 122 -- 4.2.4 Factors Affecting the RF Value 123 -- 4.2.5 The RF Spectrum and Property Rights 123 -- 4.2.6 International, Regional and National Legislation 124 -- 4.3 The Economic Environment 126.
4.3.1 Economics and Spectrum Management 126 -- 4.3.2 Benefits of Using the Radio Spectrum 130 -- 4.3.3 National Cost Accounting: The RF Spectrum as a Non?]Produced Asset 133 -- 4.3.4 Fee Policy 136 -- 4.3.5 License Fee: Comparative Evaluation Methods, Auctions and Lotteries, Secondary Trading 138 -- 4.3.6 RF Spectrum Annual Fees 143 -- 4.4 International, Regional and National Frequency Allocation Table and Redeployment 146 -- 4.4.1 Allocation Table 146 -- 4.4.2 RF Spectrum Redeployment and Refarming 146 -- References 148 -- 5 RF Engineering and the Link Budget 150 -- 5.1 End?]To?]End Wireless Communication 150 -- 5.2 RF Characteristics: Modulation and Multiple Access 151 -- 5.2.1 Modulation and Digitization 151 -- 5.2.2 Representation of the Modulated Signal 155 -- 5.2.3 Analog Modulations 157 -- 5.2.4 Digital Modulations 157 -- 5.2.5 Channel Multiple Access and Full Duplex Techniques 165 -- 5.3 Transmitters: Power and Unwanted Emissions 168 -- 5.3.1 Transmitter Block Diagram 168 -- 5.3.2 Emission Mask 169 -- 5.3.3 Unwanted Emissions 169 -- 5.4 Receivers: Concept, Selectivity, Noise and Sensitivity 172 -- 5.4.1 Receiver Noise Floor and Sensitivity 172 -- 5.4.2 Noise Factor and Noise Temperature 174 -- 5.4.3 Gain to Noise Temperature G/T for Satellite Earth and Space Stations 176 -- 5.5 Antennas: Fundamental Parameters 177 -- 5.5.1 Antenna: Aperture, Beamwidth, Directivity and Gain 178 -- 5.5.2 Three?]Dimensional Radiation Pattern and Gain Calculations 182 -- 5.5.3 Antenna Polarization, Bandwidth, Insertion Loss and Impedance 192 -- 5.6 Propagation 194 -- 5.6.1 General 194 -- 5.6.2 Friis Transmission Equation and Free?]Space Propagation Loss: Power 194 -- 5.6.3 Maxwell's Equations and Received Free?]Space Field?]Strength from a Far?]Field Emission 198 -- 5.6.4 ITU?]R P.1546 Propagation Curves 30 / 3,000 MHz 203 -- 5.6.5 Fresnel Zones 204 -- 5.6.6 Attenuation by Atmospheric Gases 206 -- 5.6.7 Near?]Field to Far?]Field 206 -- 5.6.8 Frequency Dependency in Penetrating Walls and Bypassing Obstacles 207.
5.7 Link Budget 210 -- 5.7.1 Power Equations 210 -- 5.7.2 Conversion Formulae 212 -- 5.8 Radio Frequency Interference and Spectrum Sharing 215 -- 5.8.1 Non?]Linear Interference 215 -- 5.8.2 Linear Interference 217 -- 5.8.3 Decreasing Interference: Mitigation Techniques 225 -- References 225 -- 6 International RF Spectrum Management and Standardization 229 -- 6.1 International Regulations and Standards 229 -- 6.2 Regulation and Standardization 230 -- 6.2.1 International RF Spectrum Management and Standardization Players 230 -- 6.2.2 Worldwide Regulation and Standardization 234 -- 6.2.3 Globalization of RF Regulation and Standardization 240 -- 6.3 National, Regional and Global RF Regulation 242 -- 6.3.1 Transfer of National Regulatory Power to an Intergovernmental Authority 242 -- 6.3.2 Implementing Regional RF Spectrum Management and Standardization 244 -- 6.4 Global Regulatory Framework: ITU 245 -- 6.4.1 ITU?]D (also Telecommunications Development Bureau, BDT) 246 -- 6.4.2 ITU?]T (also TSB, Telecommunication Standardization Bureau) 247 -- 6.4.3 ITU?]R (also BR, Bureau Radio) 247 -- 6.4.4 ITU Radio Regulations 249 -- 6.5 Cross?]Border Coordination, Regulation and Techniques 256 -- 6.5.1 Avoiding Harmful Interference between Administrations 256 -- 6.5.2 Bilateral and Multilateral Agreements 256 -- 6.5.3 Preferential Use of Frequencies, Trigger Levels and Distance from the Border 257 -- 6.5.4 Decreasing Cross?]Border Interference: Mitigation Techniques 258 -- References 259 -- 7 Regional RF Spectrum Management 261 -- 7.1 RF Regulation on the Continent of Europe: Main Players 261 -- 7.1.1 The Intergovernmental and International Regulatory Relationships 261 -- 7.1.2 The Main European Organizations 261 -- 7.1.3 Supranational Europe: European Union, EU Framework Legislation on Spectrum 266 -- 7.1.4 Computerized Tools and Harmonized Activities Used in the CEPT 272 -- 7.1.5 Overall Approach: Europe Regulatory Framework, All Europe Including the EU 273 -- 7.2 Main Regional Players in the Americas: OAS, CITEL and CAN 276.
7.2.1 OAS and CITEL 277 -- 7.2.2 RF Regulatory Framework in CAN 277 -- 7.2.3 CAN: Overall Approach 279 -- 7.2.4 CAN Regulation: Conclusion 280 -- 7.2.5 Additional South American and Caribbean Players 280 -- 7.2.6 Intergovernmental South American Overall Approach 281 -- 7.3 Comparison of the Two Major Camps: Europe and North America 282 -- 7.3.1 General 282 -- 7.3.2 Analysis 283 -- 7.3.3 Conclusion 285 -- 7.4 Regulation in Asia 285 -- 7.4.1 General: Leading Asia 286 -- 7.4.2 Asia?]Pacific Telecommunity (APT) 286 -- 7.4.3 Regulating the Largest Wireless Markets in South?]East Asia 288 -- 7.4.4 Asia?]Pacific Broadcasting Union (ABU) 288 -- 7.4.5 Regional Commonwealth in the Field of Communications (RCC) 289 -- 7.5 RF Regulation in the Arab States and North Africa 289 -- 7.6 RF Regulation in Africa 291 -- 7.6.1 African Telecommunications Union (ATU) 291 -- 7.6.2 West African States 292 -- 7.6.3 East African Community: EAC and EACO 292 -- 7.6.4 South?]African Region: Regulatory Framework 292 -- References 293 -- 8 National Spectrum Management 295 -- 8.1 Roles of the National Spectrum Management (NSM) 295 -- 8.1.1 National Objectives 295 -- 8.1.2 Basic Functions and Responsibilities of the NSM 296 -- 8.1.3 Guidelines and Practices to Optimally Manage the RF Spectrum 298 -- 8.1.4 RF Spectrum Control 303 -- 8.2 Trends in Spectrum Management, Smarter Technologies and Modulations 305 -- 8.2.1 Administrative Trends 305 -- 8.2.2 New Wireless Technologies 306 -- 8.2.3 Spectrum Policy, Time Scales and Wireless Innovation 309 -- 8.3 RF Spectrum Management in Some Leading Countries 310 -- 8.3.1 RF Regulatory Framework in China 311 -- 8.3.2 RF Regulatory Framework in France 322 -- 8.3.3 RF Regulatory Framework in the UK 329 -- 8.3.4 RF Regulatory Framework in the USA 339 -- 8.3.5 Regulatory Frameworks of National Case Studies: Conclusion 355 -- References 356 -- 9 Limitations to Radio Frequency Human Exposure 359 -- 9.1 Human?]Hazards 359 -- 9.2 RF Health Risks as a Social Story 361.
9.2.1 Electromagnetic Hypersensitivity and Electrophobia 361 -- 9.2.2 Regulating Uncertain Risks 362 -- 9.3 RF (Radio Frequency) Exposure and Thermal Damage 363 -- 9.3.1 Human?]Hazards: Risks from RF Exposure 363 -- 9.3.2 The International, Regional and National Thresholds: Comparative Study 374 -- 9.4 Quantified RF Hazards from Fixed Transmitters 375 -- 9.4.1 Power?]Density, Field?]Strength and Safety?]Distances around Fixed Transmitters 375 -- 9.4.2 Emissions Transmitted from the Same Site: Multiple?]Antenna Installation 377 -- 9.5 Simulations and Measurements of RF Exposure 379 -- 9.5.1 Calculated Safety?]Distances, Worst?]Case, Multiple?]Antenna Installation 379 -- 9.5.2 Monitoring Human Exposure 382 -- 9.6 RF Hazards Limits and Their Impact on Mobile Network Planning 386 -- 9.6.1 Excessive Exposure Limits Affect Network Planning 386 -- 9.6.2 Handling Low Exposure Thresholds by Additional Cellular Antennas or Additional RF Spectrum 387 -- 9.6.3 Test to Quantify RF Versus Sites 389 -- 9.7 Policies and Mitigation Techniques to Reduce Human Exposure 390 -- 9.7.1 Policies to Reduce Human Exposure to RF Radiation 390 -- 9.7.2 Mitigation Techniques to Decrease the Radiation Level 391 -- 9.7.3 Myths and Realities 392 -- 9.8 Conclusions 393 -- References 393 -- Index 398.
Record Nr. UNINA-9910815876303321
Mazar Haim  
Chichester, West Sussex, United Kingdom : , : Wiley, 2016
Materiale a stampa
Lo trovi qui: Univ. Federico II
Opac: Controlla la disponibilità qui