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Active Array Antennas for High Resolution Microwave Imaging Radar / / Jiaguo Lu [and three others]
Active Array Antennas for High Resolution Microwave Imaging Radar / / Jiaguo Lu [and three others]
Autore Lu Jiaguo <1964->
Edizione [First edition.]
Pubbl/distr/stampa Singapore : , : Springer, , [2023]
Descrizione fisica 1 online resource (455 pages)
Disciplina 621.38483
Soggetto topico Antenna arrays
Microwave imaging
Radar - Antennas
ISBN 981-9914-75-2
Formato Materiale a stampa
Livello bibliografico Monografia
Lingua di pubblicazione eng
Nota di contenuto Chapter 1 Introduction -- Chapter 2 Analysis and Optimization of Array Antennas -- Chapter 3 Errors and Compensation of Array Antennas -- Chapter 4 Broadband Active Array Antennas -- Chapter 5 Integration of Active Array Modules -- Chapter 6 Shared-Aperture Array Antennas -- Chapter 7 Active Antenna-in-Package -- Chapter 8 Digital Array Antennas -- Chapter 9 Microwave Photonic Array Antenna.
Record Nr. UNINA-9910720089703321
Lu Jiaguo <1964->  
Singapore : , : Springer, , [2023]
Materiale a stampa
Lo trovi qui: Univ. Federico II
Opac: Controlla la disponibilità qui
Design technology of synthetic aperture radar / / Jiaguo Lu
Design technology of synthetic aperture radar / / Jiaguo Lu
Autore Lu Jiaguo <1964->
Pubbl/distr/stampa West Sussex ; ; Hoboken, NJ : , : John Wiley & Sons Limited, , 2019
Descrizione fisica 1 online resource (421 pages)
Disciplina 621.38485
Soggetto topico Synthetic aperture radar
ISBN 1-119-56463-8
1-119-56462-X
1-119-56467-0
Formato Materiale a stampa
Livello bibliografico Monografia
Lingua di pubblicazione eng
Nota di contenuto About the Book xiii -- Preface xv -- List of Acronyms xvii -- 1 Introduction 1 -- 1.1 Overview 1 -- 1.2 SAR Applications 3 -- 1.2.1 Military Applications 3 -- 1.2.1.1 Military Intelligence 4 -- 1.2.1.2 Moving Target Detection 4 -- 1.2.1.3 Military Topography and Mapping 4 -- 1.2.1.4 Detection of Marine Meteorology and Hydrology 5 -- 1.2.2 Civil Applications 5 -- 1.2.2.1 Geological Exploration 5 -- 1.2.2.2 Oceanographic Research 5 -- 1.2.2.3 Forestry Research 5 -- 1.2.2.4 Deformation Monitoring 6 -- 1.3 Features of SAR 6 -- 1.3.1 Radar Loading Platforms 6 -- 1.3.2 Radar System 7 -- 1.3.3 Information and Intelligence Processing 8 -- 1.4 New Technologies of SAR 8 -- 1.4.1 Digital Array Technology 9 -- 1.4.2 MIMO Technology 10 -- 1.4.3 Microwave Photonic Technology 11 -- 1.4.4 Miniaturization 12 -- References 12 -- 2 Radar System Design 15 -- 2.1 Overview 15 -- 2.2 Radar Equations 17 -- 2.2.1 Conventional Radar Equation 17 -- 2.2.2 SAR Equation 18 -- 2.3 Radar System Parameters 20 -- 2.3.1 Antenna and Channel Number 20 -- 2.3.1.1 Reflector Antenna 22 -- 2.3.1.2 Planar Array Antenna 23 -- 2.3.1.3 Single-Input, Single-Output 25 -- 2.3.1.4 Single-Input, Multiple-Output 25 -- 2.3.1.5 Multiple-Input, Multiple-Output 28 -- 2.3.2 Antenna Size 29 -- 2.3.2.1 Ambiguity Limit 29 -- 2.3.2.2 Swath Width and Resolution Limit 30 -- 2.3.2.3 NE𝜎0 Restriction 30 -- 2.3.3 Resolution and Swath Width 30 -- 2.3.3.1 Resolution 30 -- 2.3.3.2 Swath Width 31 -- 2.3.4 Pulse Repetition Frequency 31 -- 2.3.4.1 Doppler Bandwidth 33 -- 2.3.4.2 Data Reception Interspersed with Transmitting Event 34 -- 2.3.4.3 Avoiding Nadir Echo 35 -- 2.3.5 Ambiguity 35 -- 2.3.5.1 Range Ambiguity 36 -- 2.3.5.2 Azimuth Ambiguity 37 -- 2.3.6 Beam Position Design 38 -- 2.3.6.1 Range Direction Beam Width 39 -- 2.3.6.2 Instantaneous Signal Bandwidth 40 -- 2.3.6.3 Swath Position Selection 40 -- 2.4 Imaging Mode 40 -- 2.4.1 Strip-Map Mode 41 -- 2.4.1.1 Signal Model 41 -- 2.4.1.2 Resolution and Swath Width 43 -- 2.4.2 Scanning Mode 44.
2.4.2.1 Sequential Relationship 45 -- 2.4.2.2 Signal Model 46 -- 2.4.2.3 Resolution and Swath Width 46 -- 2.4.2.4 Scalloping Effect 47 -- 2.4.3 Spotlight Mode 48 -- 2.4.3.1 Signal Characteristics 49 -- 2.4.3.2 Resolution 49 -- 2.4.4 Sliding Spotlight Mode 50 -- 2.4.4.1 Signal Model 51 -- 2.4.4.2 Resolution and Swath Width 52 -- 2.4.5 Mosaic Mode 53 -- 2.4.5.1 Sequential Relationship 53 -- 2.4.5.2 Signal Characteristics 55 -- 2.4.5.3 Resolution 55 -- 2.4.6 TOPS Mode 55 -- 2.4.6.1 Sequential Relationship 56 -- 2.4.6.2 Signal Characteristics 57 -- 2.4.6.3 Azimuth Resolution 57 -- 2.5 Moving Target Working Mode 59 -- 2.5.1 GMTI 59 -- 2.5.1.1 Signal Characteristics 60 -- 2.5.1.2 MDV 62 -- 2.5.1.3 Azimuth Angle Measurement Accuracy 63 -- 2.5.1.4 Detection Capability 64 -- 2.5.2 Marine Moving Target Indication 65 -- 2.5.2.1 Signal Characteristics 65 -- 2.5.2.2 Operating Range 67 -- 2.5.2.3 Detection Rate and False Alarm Rate 68 -- 2.5.3 Airborne Moving Target Indication 68 -- 2.5.3.1 Signal Characteristics 69 -- 2.5.3.2 Operating Range of Airborne Target 71 -- 2.5.3.3 Minimum Detectable Velocity of the Moving Target 71 -- References 72 -- 3 Antenna System 75 -- 3.1 Overview 75 -- 3.2 Antenna Design and Analysis 76 -- 3.2.1 Basic Parameters 77 -- 3.2.1.1 Bandwidth 77 -- 3.2.1.2 Scanning Range 77 -- 3.2.1.3 Beam Width 77 -- 3.2.1.4 Antenna Gain 78 -- 3.2.1.5 Side Lobe Level 78 -- 3.2.2 Antenna Aperture Size 78 -- 3.2.2.1 From the Ambiguity Point of View 78 -- 3.2.2.2 Resolution Limitation 80 -- 3.2.2.3 Swath Width Limitation 80 -- 3.2.2.4 System Sensitivity Limitation 80 -- 3.2.3 Scanning Feature 81 -- 3.2.4 Internal Calibration 83 -- 3.3 Antenna Array 85 -- 3.3.1 Microstrip Patch Antenna 85 -- 3.3.1.1 Microstrip Antenna Analysis 86 -- 3.3.1.2 Microstrip Antenna Design 87 -- 3.3.2 Dipole Antenna 92 -- 3.3.2.1 Antenna Element Structure 93 -- 3.3.2.2 Theoretic Analysis 93 -- 3.3.2.3 Typical Example 95 -- 3.3.3 Waveguide Slot Antenna 96 -- 3.3.3.1 Theoretical Analysis 98 -- 3.3.3.2 Computational Method 99.
3.3.3.3 Typical Example 100 -- 3.4 Airborne Antenna Structure 102 -- 3.4.1 Airborne Antenna Environment Condition 103 -- 3.4.2 Airborne Antenna Structure Design 104 -- 3.5 Spaceborne Antenna Structure 105 -- 3.5.1 Spaceborne Antenna Environment Requirements 106 -- 3.5.1.1 Mechanical Environment 106 -- 3.5.1.2 Weightlessness 106 -- 3.5.1.3 Vacuum State 106 -- 3.5.1.4 Temperature Variation 106 -- 3.5.1.5 Space Radiation Environment 107 -- 3.5.2 Antenna Structure and Mechanism Design 107 -- 3.5.2.1 Analysis of Structure and Mechanism Design 108 -- 3.5.2.2 Structure and Mechanism Materials 109 -- 3.5.2.3 Structure and Mechanism Testing 110 -- References 110 -- 4 Transmit/Receive Module 113 -- 4.1 Overview 113 -- 4.2 Basic Demands 114 -- 4.2.1 Amplitude and Phase Accuracy 114 -- 4.2.2 Amplitude and Phase Consistency 114 -- 4.2.3 Assembly Adaptability of Antenna Arrays 115 -- 4.2.3.1 Single-Channel and Multichannel Configurations 115 -- 4.2.3.2 Feeding and Assembling Method 116 -- 4.2.4 Reliability 117 -- 4.3 T/R Module Design 118 -- 4.3.1 Electrical Design 119 -- 4.3.1.1 Receiver 119 -- 4.3.1.2 Transmitter 122 -- 4.3.1.3 Beam Steering and Electric Interface 124 -- 4.3.1.4 Power Supply and Time Sequence 125 -- 4.3.2 Structure Design 126 -- 4.3.2.1 Physical Interface 126 -- 4.3.2.2 Thermal Dissipation 126 -- 4.3.2.3 Protection of the T/R Module 130 -- 4.3.3 EMC 130 -- 4.3.3.1 Self-Oscillation and Cavity Effect 131 -- 4.3.3.2 Power Integrity 132 -- 4.3.3.3 Grounding and Slot Coupling 133 -- 4.3.3.4 Electrostatic Prevention 133 -- 4.3.3.5 Electrical Wiring 134 -- 4.3.4 Environment Adaptability 134 -- 4.3.4.1 Mechanical Environment 135 -- 4.3.4.2 Thermal Environment 135 -- 4.3.4.3 Total Dose 135 -- 4.3.4.4 Micro-Discharge 136 -- 4.4 T/R Module Components 138 -- 4.4.1 Amplifier 138 -- 4.4.1.1 LNA 138 -- 4.4.1.2 Power Amplifier 140 -- 4.4.2 Microwave Control Device 142 -- 4.4.2.1 Attenuator 142 -- 4.4.2.2 Phase Shifter 143 -- 4.4.2.3 Transceiver Switch 145 -- 4.4.2.4 Limiter 146.
4.4.2.5 Circulator/Isolator 147 -- 4.4.3 Wave and Time Sequential Control Device 148 -- 4.4.3.1 Serial-to-Parallel Converter 148 -- 4.4.3.2 Power Supply Modulator 149 -- 4.5 T/R Module Manufacture 150 -- 4.5.1 Package 151 -- 4.5.2 Substrate 151 -- 4.5.2.1 Composite Dielectric Microstrip Substrate 152 -- 4.5.2.2 Ceramic Microstrip Substrate 152 -- 4.5.2.3 LTCC 152 -- 4.5.2.4 Aluminum Nitride Ceramic 152 -- 4.5.2.5 Composite Laminated Multilayer Microstrip Substrate 153 -- 4.5.3 Micro-Assembly Technology 154 -- 4.5.3.1 Eutectic Bonding 154 -- 4.5.3.2 Large-Area Substrate Bonding 155 -- 4.5.3.3 Glue and Attachment 155 -- 4.5.3.4 Wire Bonding 155 -- 4.5.3.5 Micro-Assembly Procedure 156 -- 4.5.4 Hermetic Package 156 -- 4.5.5 Testing and Debugging 157 -- References 159 -- 5 Receiver Technology 161 -- 5.1 Overview 161 -- 5.1.1 Digitization 161 -- 5.1.2 Microelectronics 162 -- 5.1.3 Receiver Classification 162 -- 5.1.4 Basic Parameters 163 -- 5.1.4.1 Signal Bandwidth 163 -- 5.1.4.2 Sensitivity and Noise Figure 164 -- 5.1.4.3 Gain and Dynamic Range 164 -- 5.1.4.4 Amplitude and Phase Distortion 165 -- 5.1.4.5 Multichannel Amplitude and Phase Stability and Consistency 165 -- 5.1.4.6 Frequency Stability 165 -- 5.2 Receiver Technology 165 -- 5.2.1 Analog Demodulation Receiver 166 -- 5.2.2 Digital Demodulation Receiver 167 -- 5.2.2.1 Oversampling Technology 168 -- 5.2.2.2 Quadrature Sampling Technology 168 -- 5.2.2.3 Digital Mixing and Low-Pass Filtering 169 -- 5.2.2.4 Digital Interpolation 169 -- 5.2.2.5 Hilbert Transform 170 -- 5.2.3 Dechirp Receiver 171 -- 5.2.4 Multiband Receiver 171 -- 5.2.5 Multichannel Receiver 172 -- 5.2.6 Monolithic Receiver 173 -- 5.2.6.1 MCM Design 175 -- 5.2.6.2 Multilayer Substrate 175 -- 5.2.6.3 Design of MCM Mounting 176 -- 5.3 Frequency Synthesizer Source 177 -- 5.3.1 Direct Analog Frequency Synthesis 178 -- 5.3.2 Phase-Locked Frequency Synthesis 179 -- 5.3.3 DDS 181 -- 5.3.4 Antivibration Characteristic of Frequency Synthesizer 183 -- 5.4 Wideband Waveform Generation 184.
5.4.1 DDS-Based Direct Waveform Generation 185 -- 5.4.2 Parallel DDS IF Waveform Generation 186 -- 5.4.3 Digital Baseband Waveform Generation 187 -- 5.4.4 Multiplex Splicing Waveform Generation 189 -- 5.4.5 Sub-Band Concurrent Wideband Waveform Generation 190 -- References 191 -- 6 Signal Processing 193 -- 6.1 Overview 193 -- 6.2 SAR Signal Processing Method 193 -- 6.2.1 Time Domain Correlation 193 -- 6.2.2 Frequency Domain Matched Filtering 194 -- 6.2.3 Spectrum Analysis Method 194 -- 6.3 Operating Mode and Signal Property 194 -- 6.3.1 Azimuth Antenna Scanning 195 -- 6.3.2 Range Antenna Scanning 197 -- 6.3.3 2D Antenna Scanning 197 -- 6.4 SAR Imaging 199 -- 6.4.1 SAR Echo 199 -- 6.4.2 Imaging Algorithm 200 -- 6.5 Doppler Parameter Estimation and Motion Compensation 201 -- 6.5.1 Doppler Parameter Estimation 201 -- 6.5.1.1 Estimation of Doppler Centroid 201 -- 6.5.1.2 Estimation of Doppler Ambiguity 203 -- 6.5.1.3 Estimation of Doppler Rate 204 -- 6.5.2 Motion Compensation 205 -- 6.5.2.1 Motion Compensation Based on Sensors 206 -- 6.5.2.2 Motion Compensation Based on Raw Data 207 -- 6.5.2.3 Motion Compensation Based on Image Data 208 -- 6.6 Typical Examples 209 -- 6.6.1 High-Resolution Imaging 209 -- 6.6.1.1 Ultra-wideband Synthesis in Range 209 -- 6.6.1.2 High-Resolution Compression in Azimuth 211 -- 6.6.1.3 Motion Error Estimation and Compensation 213 -- 6.6.1.4 High-Resolution Imaging Process and Results 213 -- 6.6.2 Ground Moving Target Indication 213 -- 6.6.2.1 DPCA and ATI 215 -- 6.6.2.2 CSI 216 -- 6.6.2.3 Three Doppler Transform STAP 217 -- 6.6.2.4 Comparison 221 -- 6.6.2.5 Results of SAR/GMTI 222 -- 6.6.3 Marine Moving Target Indication 224 -- 6.6.3.1 Frequency-Agile Noncoherent Processing 225 -- 6.6.3.2 Filter Bank Method for Fixed-Frequency-Coherent MTD 226 -- 6.6.4 Airborne Moving Target Indication 228 -- 6.6.4.1 Beam-Space STAP Before Doppler Filtering 230 -- 6.6.4.2 Beam-Domain STAP After Doppler Filtering 231 -- 6.7 SAR Signal Processor 235 -- 6.7.1 System Architecture 236.
6.7.2 Processing Architecture 237 -- 6.7.3 Development Architecture 239 -- 6.7.4 Processing Module 240 -- 6.7.4.1 Signal Processing Module 240 -- 6.7.4.2 Data Processing Module 241 -- 6.7.4.3 Mission Management Module 242 -- 6.7.5 Typical Signal Processor 242 -- References 246 -- 7 Image Information Processing System 249 -- 7.1 Overview 249 -- 7.2 Target Detection 250 -- 7.2.1 Highly Scattering Target Detection 250 -- 7.2.2 Structure Target Detection 253 -- 7.2.3 Target Parameter Extraction 255 -- 7.2.4 Typical Examples 257 -- 7.3 Target Change Detection 258 -- 7.3.1 Preprocessing 260 -- 7.3.2 Difference Image Acquisition 265 -- 7.3.3 Difference Image Segmentation 266 -- 7.3.4 Artificial Auxiliary Intelligence Analysis 267 -- 7.3.5 Damage Assessment 267 -- 7.3.6 Typical Examples 269 -- 7.3.6.1 Detection of Mutual Change of Land and Water 269 -- 7.3.6.2 Change Detection of Vegetation Growth 270 -- 7.3.6.3 Change Detection of Urban Buildings 271 -- 7.3.6.4 Airport Change Detection 273 -- 7.4 Target Recognition 273 -- 7.4.1 Template Matching Recognition 274 -- 7.4.1.1 Target Segmentation Preprocessing 275 -- 7.4.1.2 Peak Feature Extraction 278 -- 7.4.1.3 Building Target Template Library 278 -- 7.4.1.4 Estimation of Target Azimuth Angle 279 -- 7.4.2 Statistical Pattern Recognition 280 -- 7.4.2.1 Technical Process 281 -- 7.4.2.2 PCA Feature Extraction 282 -- 7.4.3 Typical Examples 284 -- 7.5 Multisource SAR Image Fusion 284 -- 7.5.1 Image Fusion Method 285 -- 7.5.2 Fusion Effect Evaluation 286 -- 7.5.3 Typical Examples 286 -- 7.5.3.1 Target Detection of Multiband Vegetation Penetration 287 -- 7.5.3.2 Target Detection of Multiband Grassland Background 287 -- 7.5.3.3 Multiband Fusion Classification Analysis 289 -- 7.5.3.4 Multiband Marine Target Detection 293 -- 7.5.3.5 Multipolarization Building Detection 294 -- 7.5.3.6 Multipolarization Ship Detection 294 -- 7.6 Technology Outlook 295 -- 7.6.1 Research on Algorithm Engineering Application 298 -- 7.6.2 Research on Electromagnetic Simulation and Intelligent Target Recognition of the Target Image 298.
7.6.3 Research on SAR Image Information Processing System 303 -- References 305 -- Index 307.
Record Nr. UNINA-9910555284303321
Lu Jiaguo <1964->  
West Sussex ; ; Hoboken, NJ : , : John Wiley & Sons Limited, , 2019
Materiale a stampa
Lo trovi qui: Univ. Federico II
Opac: Controlla la disponibilità qui
Design technology of synthetic aperture radar / / Jiaguo Lu
Design technology of synthetic aperture radar / / Jiaguo Lu
Autore Lu Jiaguo <1964->
Pubbl/distr/stampa West Sussex ; ; Hoboken, NJ : , : John Wiley & Sons Limited, , 2019
Descrizione fisica 1 online resource (421 pages)
Disciplina 621.38485
Soggetto topico Synthetic aperture radar
ISBN 1-119-56463-8
1-119-56462-X
1-119-56467-0
Formato Materiale a stampa
Livello bibliografico Monografia
Lingua di pubblicazione eng
Nota di contenuto About the Book xiii -- Preface xv -- List of Acronyms xvii -- 1 Introduction 1 -- 1.1 Overview 1 -- 1.2 SAR Applications 3 -- 1.2.1 Military Applications 3 -- 1.2.1.1 Military Intelligence 4 -- 1.2.1.2 Moving Target Detection 4 -- 1.2.1.3 Military Topography and Mapping 4 -- 1.2.1.4 Detection of Marine Meteorology and Hydrology 5 -- 1.2.2 Civil Applications 5 -- 1.2.2.1 Geological Exploration 5 -- 1.2.2.2 Oceanographic Research 5 -- 1.2.2.3 Forestry Research 5 -- 1.2.2.4 Deformation Monitoring 6 -- 1.3 Features of SAR 6 -- 1.3.1 Radar Loading Platforms 6 -- 1.3.2 Radar System 7 -- 1.3.3 Information and Intelligence Processing 8 -- 1.4 New Technologies of SAR 8 -- 1.4.1 Digital Array Technology 9 -- 1.4.2 MIMO Technology 10 -- 1.4.3 Microwave Photonic Technology 11 -- 1.4.4 Miniaturization 12 -- References 12 -- 2 Radar System Design 15 -- 2.1 Overview 15 -- 2.2 Radar Equations 17 -- 2.2.1 Conventional Radar Equation 17 -- 2.2.2 SAR Equation 18 -- 2.3 Radar System Parameters 20 -- 2.3.1 Antenna and Channel Number 20 -- 2.3.1.1 Reflector Antenna 22 -- 2.3.1.2 Planar Array Antenna 23 -- 2.3.1.3 Single-Input, Single-Output 25 -- 2.3.1.4 Single-Input, Multiple-Output 25 -- 2.3.1.5 Multiple-Input, Multiple-Output 28 -- 2.3.2 Antenna Size 29 -- 2.3.2.1 Ambiguity Limit 29 -- 2.3.2.2 Swath Width and Resolution Limit 30 -- 2.3.2.3 NE𝜎0 Restriction 30 -- 2.3.3 Resolution and Swath Width 30 -- 2.3.3.1 Resolution 30 -- 2.3.3.2 Swath Width 31 -- 2.3.4 Pulse Repetition Frequency 31 -- 2.3.4.1 Doppler Bandwidth 33 -- 2.3.4.2 Data Reception Interspersed with Transmitting Event 34 -- 2.3.4.3 Avoiding Nadir Echo 35 -- 2.3.5 Ambiguity 35 -- 2.3.5.1 Range Ambiguity 36 -- 2.3.5.2 Azimuth Ambiguity 37 -- 2.3.6 Beam Position Design 38 -- 2.3.6.1 Range Direction Beam Width 39 -- 2.3.6.2 Instantaneous Signal Bandwidth 40 -- 2.3.6.3 Swath Position Selection 40 -- 2.4 Imaging Mode 40 -- 2.4.1 Strip-Map Mode 41 -- 2.4.1.1 Signal Model 41 -- 2.4.1.2 Resolution and Swath Width 43 -- 2.4.2 Scanning Mode 44.
2.4.2.1 Sequential Relationship 45 -- 2.4.2.2 Signal Model 46 -- 2.4.2.3 Resolution and Swath Width 46 -- 2.4.2.4 Scalloping Effect 47 -- 2.4.3 Spotlight Mode 48 -- 2.4.3.1 Signal Characteristics 49 -- 2.4.3.2 Resolution 49 -- 2.4.4 Sliding Spotlight Mode 50 -- 2.4.4.1 Signal Model 51 -- 2.4.4.2 Resolution and Swath Width 52 -- 2.4.5 Mosaic Mode 53 -- 2.4.5.1 Sequential Relationship 53 -- 2.4.5.2 Signal Characteristics 55 -- 2.4.5.3 Resolution 55 -- 2.4.6 TOPS Mode 55 -- 2.4.6.1 Sequential Relationship 56 -- 2.4.6.2 Signal Characteristics 57 -- 2.4.6.3 Azimuth Resolution 57 -- 2.5 Moving Target Working Mode 59 -- 2.5.1 GMTI 59 -- 2.5.1.1 Signal Characteristics 60 -- 2.5.1.2 MDV 62 -- 2.5.1.3 Azimuth Angle Measurement Accuracy 63 -- 2.5.1.4 Detection Capability 64 -- 2.5.2 Marine Moving Target Indication 65 -- 2.5.2.1 Signal Characteristics 65 -- 2.5.2.2 Operating Range 67 -- 2.5.2.3 Detection Rate and False Alarm Rate 68 -- 2.5.3 Airborne Moving Target Indication 68 -- 2.5.3.1 Signal Characteristics 69 -- 2.5.3.2 Operating Range of Airborne Target 71 -- 2.5.3.3 Minimum Detectable Velocity of the Moving Target 71 -- References 72 -- 3 Antenna System 75 -- 3.1 Overview 75 -- 3.2 Antenna Design and Analysis 76 -- 3.2.1 Basic Parameters 77 -- 3.2.1.1 Bandwidth 77 -- 3.2.1.2 Scanning Range 77 -- 3.2.1.3 Beam Width 77 -- 3.2.1.4 Antenna Gain 78 -- 3.2.1.5 Side Lobe Level 78 -- 3.2.2 Antenna Aperture Size 78 -- 3.2.2.1 From the Ambiguity Point of View 78 -- 3.2.2.2 Resolution Limitation 80 -- 3.2.2.3 Swath Width Limitation 80 -- 3.2.2.4 System Sensitivity Limitation 80 -- 3.2.3 Scanning Feature 81 -- 3.2.4 Internal Calibration 83 -- 3.3 Antenna Array 85 -- 3.3.1 Microstrip Patch Antenna 85 -- 3.3.1.1 Microstrip Antenna Analysis 86 -- 3.3.1.2 Microstrip Antenna Design 87 -- 3.3.2 Dipole Antenna 92 -- 3.3.2.1 Antenna Element Structure 93 -- 3.3.2.2 Theoretic Analysis 93 -- 3.3.2.3 Typical Example 95 -- 3.3.3 Waveguide Slot Antenna 96 -- 3.3.3.1 Theoretical Analysis 98 -- 3.3.3.2 Computational Method 99.
3.3.3.3 Typical Example 100 -- 3.4 Airborne Antenna Structure 102 -- 3.4.1 Airborne Antenna Environment Condition 103 -- 3.4.2 Airborne Antenna Structure Design 104 -- 3.5 Spaceborne Antenna Structure 105 -- 3.5.1 Spaceborne Antenna Environment Requirements 106 -- 3.5.1.1 Mechanical Environment 106 -- 3.5.1.2 Weightlessness 106 -- 3.5.1.3 Vacuum State 106 -- 3.5.1.4 Temperature Variation 106 -- 3.5.1.5 Space Radiation Environment 107 -- 3.5.2 Antenna Structure and Mechanism Design 107 -- 3.5.2.1 Analysis of Structure and Mechanism Design 108 -- 3.5.2.2 Structure and Mechanism Materials 109 -- 3.5.2.3 Structure and Mechanism Testing 110 -- References 110 -- 4 Transmit/Receive Module 113 -- 4.1 Overview 113 -- 4.2 Basic Demands 114 -- 4.2.1 Amplitude and Phase Accuracy 114 -- 4.2.2 Amplitude and Phase Consistency 114 -- 4.2.3 Assembly Adaptability of Antenna Arrays 115 -- 4.2.3.1 Single-Channel and Multichannel Configurations 115 -- 4.2.3.2 Feeding and Assembling Method 116 -- 4.2.4 Reliability 117 -- 4.3 T/R Module Design 118 -- 4.3.1 Electrical Design 119 -- 4.3.1.1 Receiver 119 -- 4.3.1.2 Transmitter 122 -- 4.3.1.3 Beam Steering and Electric Interface 124 -- 4.3.1.4 Power Supply and Time Sequence 125 -- 4.3.2 Structure Design 126 -- 4.3.2.1 Physical Interface 126 -- 4.3.2.2 Thermal Dissipation 126 -- 4.3.2.3 Protection of the T/R Module 130 -- 4.3.3 EMC 130 -- 4.3.3.1 Self-Oscillation and Cavity Effect 131 -- 4.3.3.2 Power Integrity 132 -- 4.3.3.3 Grounding and Slot Coupling 133 -- 4.3.3.4 Electrostatic Prevention 133 -- 4.3.3.5 Electrical Wiring 134 -- 4.3.4 Environment Adaptability 134 -- 4.3.4.1 Mechanical Environment 135 -- 4.3.4.2 Thermal Environment 135 -- 4.3.4.3 Total Dose 135 -- 4.3.4.4 Micro-Discharge 136 -- 4.4 T/R Module Components 138 -- 4.4.1 Amplifier 138 -- 4.4.1.1 LNA 138 -- 4.4.1.2 Power Amplifier 140 -- 4.4.2 Microwave Control Device 142 -- 4.4.2.1 Attenuator 142 -- 4.4.2.2 Phase Shifter 143 -- 4.4.2.3 Transceiver Switch 145 -- 4.4.2.4 Limiter 146.
4.4.2.5 Circulator/Isolator 147 -- 4.4.3 Wave and Time Sequential Control Device 148 -- 4.4.3.1 Serial-to-Parallel Converter 148 -- 4.4.3.2 Power Supply Modulator 149 -- 4.5 T/R Module Manufacture 150 -- 4.5.1 Package 151 -- 4.5.2 Substrate 151 -- 4.5.2.1 Composite Dielectric Microstrip Substrate 152 -- 4.5.2.2 Ceramic Microstrip Substrate 152 -- 4.5.2.3 LTCC 152 -- 4.5.2.4 Aluminum Nitride Ceramic 152 -- 4.5.2.5 Composite Laminated Multilayer Microstrip Substrate 153 -- 4.5.3 Micro-Assembly Technology 154 -- 4.5.3.1 Eutectic Bonding 154 -- 4.5.3.2 Large-Area Substrate Bonding 155 -- 4.5.3.3 Glue and Attachment 155 -- 4.5.3.4 Wire Bonding 155 -- 4.5.3.5 Micro-Assembly Procedure 156 -- 4.5.4 Hermetic Package 156 -- 4.5.5 Testing and Debugging 157 -- References 159 -- 5 Receiver Technology 161 -- 5.1 Overview 161 -- 5.1.1 Digitization 161 -- 5.1.2 Microelectronics 162 -- 5.1.3 Receiver Classification 162 -- 5.1.4 Basic Parameters 163 -- 5.1.4.1 Signal Bandwidth 163 -- 5.1.4.2 Sensitivity and Noise Figure 164 -- 5.1.4.3 Gain and Dynamic Range 164 -- 5.1.4.4 Amplitude and Phase Distortion 165 -- 5.1.4.5 Multichannel Amplitude and Phase Stability and Consistency 165 -- 5.1.4.6 Frequency Stability 165 -- 5.2 Receiver Technology 165 -- 5.2.1 Analog Demodulation Receiver 166 -- 5.2.2 Digital Demodulation Receiver 167 -- 5.2.2.1 Oversampling Technology 168 -- 5.2.2.2 Quadrature Sampling Technology 168 -- 5.2.2.3 Digital Mixing and Low-Pass Filtering 169 -- 5.2.2.4 Digital Interpolation 169 -- 5.2.2.5 Hilbert Transform 170 -- 5.2.3 Dechirp Receiver 171 -- 5.2.4 Multiband Receiver 171 -- 5.2.5 Multichannel Receiver 172 -- 5.2.6 Monolithic Receiver 173 -- 5.2.6.1 MCM Design 175 -- 5.2.6.2 Multilayer Substrate 175 -- 5.2.6.3 Design of MCM Mounting 176 -- 5.3 Frequency Synthesizer Source 177 -- 5.3.1 Direct Analog Frequency Synthesis 178 -- 5.3.2 Phase-Locked Frequency Synthesis 179 -- 5.3.3 DDS 181 -- 5.3.4 Antivibration Characteristic of Frequency Synthesizer 183 -- 5.4 Wideband Waveform Generation 184.
5.4.1 DDS-Based Direct Waveform Generation 185 -- 5.4.2 Parallel DDS IF Waveform Generation 186 -- 5.4.3 Digital Baseband Waveform Generation 187 -- 5.4.4 Multiplex Splicing Waveform Generation 189 -- 5.4.5 Sub-Band Concurrent Wideband Waveform Generation 190 -- References 191 -- 6 Signal Processing 193 -- 6.1 Overview 193 -- 6.2 SAR Signal Processing Method 193 -- 6.2.1 Time Domain Correlation 193 -- 6.2.2 Frequency Domain Matched Filtering 194 -- 6.2.3 Spectrum Analysis Method 194 -- 6.3 Operating Mode and Signal Property 194 -- 6.3.1 Azimuth Antenna Scanning 195 -- 6.3.2 Range Antenna Scanning 197 -- 6.3.3 2D Antenna Scanning 197 -- 6.4 SAR Imaging 199 -- 6.4.1 SAR Echo 199 -- 6.4.2 Imaging Algorithm 200 -- 6.5 Doppler Parameter Estimation and Motion Compensation 201 -- 6.5.1 Doppler Parameter Estimation 201 -- 6.5.1.1 Estimation of Doppler Centroid 201 -- 6.5.1.2 Estimation of Doppler Ambiguity 203 -- 6.5.1.3 Estimation of Doppler Rate 204 -- 6.5.2 Motion Compensation 205 -- 6.5.2.1 Motion Compensation Based on Sensors 206 -- 6.5.2.2 Motion Compensation Based on Raw Data 207 -- 6.5.2.3 Motion Compensation Based on Image Data 208 -- 6.6 Typical Examples 209 -- 6.6.1 High-Resolution Imaging 209 -- 6.6.1.1 Ultra-wideband Synthesis in Range 209 -- 6.6.1.2 High-Resolution Compression in Azimuth 211 -- 6.6.1.3 Motion Error Estimation and Compensation 213 -- 6.6.1.4 High-Resolution Imaging Process and Results 213 -- 6.6.2 Ground Moving Target Indication 213 -- 6.6.2.1 DPCA and ATI 215 -- 6.6.2.2 CSI 216 -- 6.6.2.3 Three Doppler Transform STAP 217 -- 6.6.2.4 Comparison 221 -- 6.6.2.5 Results of SAR/GMTI 222 -- 6.6.3 Marine Moving Target Indication 224 -- 6.6.3.1 Frequency-Agile Noncoherent Processing 225 -- 6.6.3.2 Filter Bank Method for Fixed-Frequency-Coherent MTD 226 -- 6.6.4 Airborne Moving Target Indication 228 -- 6.6.4.1 Beam-Space STAP Before Doppler Filtering 230 -- 6.6.4.2 Beam-Domain STAP After Doppler Filtering 231 -- 6.7 SAR Signal Processor 235 -- 6.7.1 System Architecture 236.
6.7.2 Processing Architecture 237 -- 6.7.3 Development Architecture 239 -- 6.7.4 Processing Module 240 -- 6.7.4.1 Signal Processing Module 240 -- 6.7.4.2 Data Processing Module 241 -- 6.7.4.3 Mission Management Module 242 -- 6.7.5 Typical Signal Processor 242 -- References 246 -- 7 Image Information Processing System 249 -- 7.1 Overview 249 -- 7.2 Target Detection 250 -- 7.2.1 Highly Scattering Target Detection 250 -- 7.2.2 Structure Target Detection 253 -- 7.2.3 Target Parameter Extraction 255 -- 7.2.4 Typical Examples 257 -- 7.3 Target Change Detection 258 -- 7.3.1 Preprocessing 260 -- 7.3.2 Difference Image Acquisition 265 -- 7.3.3 Difference Image Segmentation 266 -- 7.3.4 Artificial Auxiliary Intelligence Analysis 267 -- 7.3.5 Damage Assessment 267 -- 7.3.6 Typical Examples 269 -- 7.3.6.1 Detection of Mutual Change of Land and Water 269 -- 7.3.6.2 Change Detection of Vegetation Growth 270 -- 7.3.6.3 Change Detection of Urban Buildings 271 -- 7.3.6.4 Airport Change Detection 273 -- 7.4 Target Recognition 273 -- 7.4.1 Template Matching Recognition 274 -- 7.4.1.1 Target Segmentation Preprocessing 275 -- 7.4.1.2 Peak Feature Extraction 278 -- 7.4.1.3 Building Target Template Library 278 -- 7.4.1.4 Estimation of Target Azimuth Angle 279 -- 7.4.2 Statistical Pattern Recognition 280 -- 7.4.2.1 Technical Process 281 -- 7.4.2.2 PCA Feature Extraction 282 -- 7.4.3 Typical Examples 284 -- 7.5 Multisource SAR Image Fusion 284 -- 7.5.1 Image Fusion Method 285 -- 7.5.2 Fusion Effect Evaluation 286 -- 7.5.3 Typical Examples 286 -- 7.5.3.1 Target Detection of Multiband Vegetation Penetration 287 -- 7.5.3.2 Target Detection of Multiband Grassland Background 287 -- 7.5.3.3 Multiband Fusion Classification Analysis 289 -- 7.5.3.4 Multiband Marine Target Detection 293 -- 7.5.3.5 Multipolarization Building Detection 294 -- 7.5.3.6 Multipolarization Ship Detection 294 -- 7.6 Technology Outlook 295 -- 7.6.1 Research on Algorithm Engineering Application 298 -- 7.6.2 Research on Electromagnetic Simulation and Intelligent Target Recognition of the Target Image 298.
7.6.3 Research on SAR Image Information Processing System 303 -- References 305 -- Index 307.
Record Nr. UNINA-9910831086103321
Lu Jiaguo <1964->  
West Sussex ; ; Hoboken, NJ : , : John Wiley & Sons Limited, , 2019
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