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Carbon Fibers : Production, Applications, Processing / / Hauke Lengsfeld, Hendrik Mainka, Volker Altstädt
| Carbon Fibers : Production, Applications, Processing / / Hauke Lengsfeld, Hendrik Mainka, Volker Altstädt |
| Autore | Lengsfeld Hauke |
| Edizione | [1st ed.] |
| Pubbl/distr/stampa | München : , : Hanser, , 2020 |
| Descrizione fisica | 1 online resource (221 pages) |
| Altri autori (Persone) |
MainkaHendrik
AltstädtVolker |
| Soggetto topico | Carbon fibers |
| ISBN |
9781523145041
1523145048 9781569908297 156990829X 9781569908280 1569908281 |
| Formato | Materiale a stampa  |
| Livello bibliografico | Monografia |
| Lingua di pubblicazione | eng |
| Nota di contenuto |
Intro -- The Authors -- Dr.-Ing. Hauke Lengsfeld -- Dr.-Ing. Hendrik Mainka -- Prof. Dr.-Ing. Volker Altstädt -- Preface -- Acknowledgements -- Abbreviations -- Contents -- 1 Introduction -- 2 Carbon and Its Properties -- 2.1 Structure of the Carbon Atom and Atomic Model of Carbon -- 2.1.1 Rutherford's and Bohr's Atomic Models -- 2.1.2 Atomic Orbitals and Hybridization -- 2.2 Modifications of Carbon -- 2.3 Structural Forms of Carbon -- 2.3.1 Diamond - The Diamond Structure (sp3) -- 2.3.2 Graphite - The Graphite Structure (sp2) -- 2.3.3 Triple Bonding (sp1) -- 2.3.4 Other Forms of Carbon -- 2.3.4.1 Fullerenes -- 2.3.4.2 Carbon Nanotubes -- 2.3.4.3 Carbon Black -- 2.3.4.4 Activated Carbon -- 2.3.4.5 Carbon Fibers -- 3 Carbon Fibers -- 3.1 Precursor Manufacturing -- 3.1.1 Wet Spinning -- 3.1.2 Melt Spinning -- 3.1.3 Precursors -- 3.1.3.1 Polyacrylonitrile (PAN) -- 3.1.3.2 Mesophase Pitch -- 3.1.3.3 Further Precursors -- 3.2 Production of Carbon Fibers -- 3.2.1 Precursor Stabilization/Stabilization Process -- 3.2.2 Carbonization and Graphitization -- 3.3 Surface Treatment and Fiber Sizing -- 3.3.1 Sizing (Preparation) -- 3.3.2 Sizing Levels and Sizing Types -- 3.4 Properties and Types -- 3.4.1 Properties of Carbon Fibers -- 3.4.2 Carbon Fiber Types -- 3.5 Manufacturers and Costs -- 3.5.1 Manufacturers of Precursors and Carbon Fibers -- 3.5.2 Manufacturing Costs -- 3.5.3 Manufacturing Capacities -- 3.5.4 Suppliers of Process Technologies -- 4 Characterization of Carbon Fibers -- 4.1 Test Methods on Dry Yarn -- 4.1.1 Density Determination -- 4.1.2 Determination of Linear Density -- 4.1.3 Determination of the Filament Diameter -- 4.1.4 Determination of the Preparation Mass Fraction -- 4.1.5 Determination of Mechanical Parameters on Dry Yarn -- 4.1.6 Roving Test -- 4.1.7 Drape Test -- 4.1.8 Surface Activity and Impregnability.
4.2 Test Method on Impregnated Yarn -- 4.2.1 Determination of Tensile Strength -- 4.2.2 Fiber-Matrix Interphase -- 4.2.2.1 Testing by Pull-Out Test -- 4.2.2.2 Testing by Push-Out Test -- 4.2.2.3 Fragmentation Test -- 4.2.2.4 Broutman Test -- 4.2.2.5 Testing in a Scanning Electron Microscope -- 4.3 Spectroscopic Test Methods for Carbon Fibers -- 4.3.1 Chemical Characterization of Carbon Fibers and Their Precursors -- 4.3.1.1 Elemental Analysis -- 4.3.1.2 Mass Spectroscopy -- 4.3.1.3 Nuclear Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy - NMR -- 4.3.1.4 Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy - IR Spectroscopy -- 4.3.2 Chemical Structure Elucidation of Carbon Fibers -- 4.3.2.1 Raman Spectroscopy -- 4.3.2.2 X-ray Photoelectron Spectroscopy, XPS -- 5 Applications of Carbon Fibers -- 5.1 Introductory Remarks -- 5.2 Dry Semi-Finished Fiber Products -- 5.2.1 PREOX Fibers -- 5.2.2 Carbon Fibers -- 5.2.2.1 Carbon Fibers, Continuous -- 5.2.2.2 Carbon Fibers, Cut or Ground -- 5.3 Pre-Impregnated Semi-Finished Fiber Products -- 5.3.1 Applications: UD Prepreg (Thermoset) -- 5.3.2 Applications: Fabric and Scrim Prepreg (Thermoset) -- 5.3.3 Applications: C-SMC/C-BMC -- 5.3.4 Applications: Organotapes -- 5.3.5 Applications: Organosheet -- 6 Recycling and Sustainability -- 6.1 Introductory Remarks -- 6.2 Recycling Cycle and Challenges -- 6.2.1 Process and Plant Challenges -- 6.2.2 The Challenge of Fiber Quality -- 6.3 The Challenge of Waste Treatment -- 6.4 Recycling Processes for Carbon Fibers and CFRP -- 6.4.1 Mechanical Shredding -- 6.4.2 Pyrolysis Process -- 6.4.3 Fluidized Bed Process -- 6.4.4 Solvolysis -- 6.4.5 Chemical Direct Use -- 6.4.6 Electrodynamic Fragmentation -- 6.4.7 New Processes -- 6.4.8 Overview and Comparison of Procedures -- 6.4.9 Hazards and Health Aspects -- 6.5 rCF Products and Applications -- 6.6 Producers -- 6.7 Challenges and Trends. 7 New Developments -- 7.1 Alternative Precursors -- 7.1.1 Polyethylene -- 7.1.2 Cellulose -- 7.1.3 Lignin -- 7.1.4 Textile PAN -- 7.1.5 Lignin/PAN Blends -- 7.1.6 Nanofibers and Carbon Nanotubes -- 7.2 Alternative Processes -- 7.2.1 Plasma Oxidation -- 7.2.2 Use of Additives -- 7.2.3 Natural Gas Burner -- 7.3 Outlook -- Index. |
| Record Nr. | UNINA-9911007141703321 |
Lengsfeld Hauke
|
||
| München : , : Hanser, , 2020 | ||
| Materiale a stampa | ||
| Lo trovi qui: Univ. Federico II | ||
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Composite Technology : Prepregs and Monolithic Part Fabrication Technologies / / Hauke Lengsfeld, Javier Lacalle, Thomas Neumeyer, Volker Altstädt
| Composite Technology : Prepregs and Monolithic Part Fabrication Technologies / / Hauke Lengsfeld, Javier Lacalle, Thomas Neumeyer, Volker Altstädt |
| Autore | Lengsfeld Hauke |
| Edizione | [2nd ed.] |
| Pubbl/distr/stampa | München : , : Hanser, , 2021 |
| Descrizione fisica | 1 online resource (271 pages) |
| Disciplina | 620.1/18 |
| Altri autori (Persone) |
LacalleJavier
NeumeyerThomas AltstädtVolker |
| Soggetto topico |
Fibrous composites
Polymeric composites Reinforced plastics |
| ISBN |
9781523145034
152314503X 9781569908266 1569908265 |
| Formato | Materiale a stampa |
| Livello bibliografico | Monografia |
| Lingua di pubblicazione | eng |
| Nota di contenuto |
Intro -- Contents -- Preface to the Second Edition -- Acknowledgments -- The Authors -- Abbreviations and Important Terms -- 1 Introduction -- Felipe Wolff-Fabris and Hauke Lengsfeld -- 1.1 Materials -- 1.2 Continuous Fiber Reinforced Plastics -- 1.2.1 Property Profile -- 1.2.2 Manufacturing -- 1.2.3 Applications -- 1.3 References -- 2 Prepregs and Their Precursors -- Felipe Wolff-Fabris, Hauke Lengsfeld, and Johannes Krämer -- 2.1 Structure and Preparation -- 2.2 Matrix Systems -- 2.3 Fibers and Textiles -- 2.4 Prepreg Systems -- 2.4.1 2.4.1 Thermoset Prepregs -- 2.4.2 Thermoplastic Prepregs -- 2.5 References -- 2.6 Additional Information -- 3 Prepreg Technology -- Hauke Lengsfeld and Mike Turner -- 3.1 Historical Background -- 3.2 Introduction: Manufacturing Methods -- 3.2.1 Design of a Prepreg Production Line -- 3.2.2 Thermoset Prepreg Manufacturing Methods -- 3.2.2.1 Hot Melt Processes -- 3.2.2.2 Solvent Coating/Solvent Dip Method for Thermoset Prepregs -- 3.2.3 Thermoplastic Prepreg Manufacturing Methods -- 3.2.3.1 Powder Coating Process -- 3.2.3.2 Extrusion Process -- 3.2.3.3 Solvent Coating/Solvent Dip Method for Thermoplastic Prepregs -- 3.2.4 Prepreg Variations -- 3.2.4.1 Slit Tape -- 3.2.4.2 Towpregs -- 3.2.5 Effect of Manufacturing Parameters -- 3.2.5.1 Matrix Content -- 3.2.5.2 Level of Impregnation -- 3.2.5.3 Tack (Tackiness) -- 3.3 References -- 4 Prepregs: Processing Technology -- Hauke Lengsfeld, Javier Lacalle, and Thomas Neumeyer -- 4.1 Introduction -- 4.2 Cutting of Thermoset Prepregs -- 4.2.1 Manual Cutting -- 4.2.2 Automated Cutting -- 4.3 Hand Lay-up of Thermoset Prepregs -- 4.4 Automated Lay-up Technologies: Automated Tape Laying (ATL) and Automated Fiber Placement (AFP) -- 4.4.1 Introduction -- 4.4.1.1 Goal of Automated Lay-up Processes -- 4.4.1.2 Principle Process Steps of Automated Lay-up Technologies.
4.4.1.3 Prepregs for Automated Lay-up Processes -- 4.4.1.4 Machine Architecture -- 4.4.2 Automatic Tape Laying (ATL) -- 4.4.2.1 Introduction -- 4.4.2.2 Thermoset Prepreg Materials for ATL -- 4.4.2.3 General Principle of ATL Processes -- 4.4.2.4 ATL Technology and Major Subsystems -- 4.4.2.5 Selection of Machine Configuration for ATL Processes -- 4.4.3 Automatic Fiber Placement (AFP) -- 4.4.3.1 Introduction -- 4.4.3.2 Prepreg Materials for AFP -- 4.4.3.3 General Principle of AFP Processes -- 4.4.3.4 AFP Technology and Configuration -- 4.4.3.5 Criteria to Select an AFP Configuration -- 4.4.4 Productivity and Cost Effectiveness of Lay-up Processes -- 4.4.4.1 Lay-up and Floor-to-Floor Productivity -- 4.4.4.2 Characterization of the Machine Performance -- 4.4.4.3 Cost Effectiveness of Automated Lay-up Processes -- 4.4.5 Production of Molded Parts on the Basis of Thermoplastic UD-Tapes -- 4.4.5.1 2D Lay-ups Based on UD Tapes as Semi-Finished Products -- 4.4.5.2 Process Technologies for the Production of Lay-ups Based on UD Tapes -- 4.5 Pultrusion -- 4.6 Hot Drape Forming -- 4.7 Same-Qualified-Resin-Transfer-Molding Processes (SQRTM) -- 4.8 References -- 4.9 Additional Information -- 5 Curing and Consolidation Technologies -- Felipe Wolff-Fabris, Hauke Lengsfeld, and Thomas Neumeyer -- 5.1 Fundamentals of the Curing Cycle -- 5.2 Autoclave Processing -- 5.3 Oven Curing -- 5.4 QuickstepTM Technology -- 5.5 Press Molding/Forming Processes -- 5.5.1 Press Molding Processes for the Production of Thermoset Components -- 5.5.2 Press Molding Processes for the Production of Thermoplastic Components -- 5.5.2.1 Pre-Consolidation Processes -- 5.5.2.2 Thermoforming of Consolidated Tape Layers -- 5.5.2.3 Profile Production from Thermoplastic UD Tapes -- 5.6 Induction Processes -- 5.7 Microwave Curing -- 5.8 Electron Beam Curing -- 5.9 References -- 6 Tooling Technology. Hauke Lengsfeld and Hilmar Apmann -- 6.1 Requirements -- 6.2 Tooling Materials -- 6.2.1 Metals -- 6.2.2 Fiber Composite Materials GFRP/CFRP -- 6.2.3 Other Materials -- 6.3 Manufacture of Tools -- 6.3.1 Direct Manufacturing of Forming Tools -- 6.3.2 Indirect Manufacturing of Forming Tools -- 6.4 Tooling Concepts and Examples -- 6.4.1 Hot Forming Tools -- 6.4.2 Curing Molds -- 6.4.2.1 Open Mold Curing Tools -- 6.4.2.2 Closed Mold Curing Tools -- 6.4.3 Release Agents and Cleaning -- 6.5 Additional Information -- 7 Testing of Prepregs -- Johannes Krämer and Hauke Lengsfeld -- 7.1 Characterization of the Unprocessed Prepreg -- 7.1.1 Prepreg Areal Weight, Resin Content, and Fiber Areal Weight -- 7.1.2 Resin Flow -- 7.1.3 Tack -- 7.1.4 Drapability -- 7.1.5 Volatiles -- 7.1.6 Viscosity -- 7.1.7 Water Pickup Test (WPU Test) -- 7.1.8 Microscopy Cut Edge Test -- 7.1.9 Tensile Test on Thermoplastic UD Tapes (Single-Ply Test) -- 7.2 Characterization of the Cured/Processed Prepreg -- 7.2.1 Fiber Volume Content -- 7.2.2 Determination of Glass Transition Temperature -- 7.2.3 Cured Ply Thickness (CPT) -- 7.3 References -- 8 Design and Production -- Hauke Lengsfeld -- 8.1 Design Concepts -- 8.1.1 Positive/Negative Design -- 8.1.2 Integral/Differential Design -- 8.1.3 Open Mold Concepts -- 8.2 Determining Factors and Interactions -- 8.2.1 Determining Factors during Component Manufacturing -- 8.2.2 Interrelations during Component Manufacturing -- 8.3 References -- 9 Conclusion -- Index -- Leere Seite. |
| Record Nr. | UNINA-9911007097403321 |
|
Lengsfeld Hauke
|
||
| München : , : Hanser, , 2021 | ||
| Materiale a stampa | ||
| Lo trovi qui: Univ. Federico II | ||
| ||